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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of a converter-fed reluctance synchronous generator wind turbine controller

Du Plooy, Jon-Pierre 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The growing contribution of wind energy to utility grids has sparked interest in small-scale wind turbines and thus a growing global cumulative installed capacity. Small-scale wind turbines find use in the saving of cost of electricity or for the carbon footprint reduction of small farms and small-holdings, as well as the electrification of rural communities. A goal of any wind turbine is to produce power at as low of a cost per unit energy as possible. Thus, a generator with a high power density and high efficiency is essential. The reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) is a strong competitor in this regard. Additionally, the RSM is a robust brushless topology that has good properties of manufacturability. However, studies published on the use of RSMs as generators in wind turbines is limited. This study serves to explore the performance and controllability of an RSM as a generator in a small-scale 9:2 kW wind turbine. For maximum power capture, it is desirable to have a wind turbine vary its rotor speed. However, there is a limit to the power that the generator may produce and so techniques are employed to reduce the captured power when operating above the rated wind speed. A turbine controller is developed that employs a speed-controlled maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for maximum power capture and soft-stalling of the blades to reduce power capture at excessive wind speeds. The RSM is modelled along with a turbine simulation model, complete with a wind source generator, to evaluate the performance of the system. Speed-controlled MPPT is known to sacrifice torque smoothness for fast tracking performance. To mitigate these harsh effects on the drivetrain, the speed reference of the generator is filtered to provide an average response to the optimal speed reference. This is shown to reduce the frequent and excessive speed, torque, and electrical power variations though optimal performance is not possible. However, any reduction on drivetrain fatigue that will maximise operation time of the turbine is considered an important gain. The RSM proves to have qualities that are applicable to wind turbine applications with its high efficiency, good manufacturability properties, low cost, and high robustness. Its higher power density over induction machines is also favourable though power electronics are required for optimal operation of the machine. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groeiende bydrae van wind energie te nut roosters het aanleiding gegee tot belangstelling in kleinskaalse wind turbines en dus 'n groeiende w^ereldwye kumulatiewe geïnstalleerde kapasiteit. Kleinskaalse wind turbines vind ook gebruik in die besparing van koste van elektrisiteit, of vir die koolstofvoetspoor vermindering van klein plase en klein-hoewes, sowel as die elektrifisering van landelike gemeenskappe. Een van die doelwitte van enige wind turbine is om krag te produseer teen so laag van 'n koste per eenheid energie as moontlik. Dus, 'n kragopwekker met 'n hoë krag digtheid en hoë doeltreffendheid is noodsaaklik. Die reluktansie sinchroonmajien (RSM) is 'n sterk mededinger in hierdie verband. Daarbenewens is die RSM 'n robuuste borsellose topologie wat goeie eienskappe van vervaardigbaarheid het. Maar studies oor die gebruik van RSMs as kragopwekkers gepubliseer in die wind turbines is beperk. Hierdie studie dien om die prestasie te ondersoek en die beheerbaarheid van 'n RSM as 'n a kragopwekker in 'n klein-skaal 9:2 kW wind turbine te verken. Vir maksimum krag vang is dit wenslik dat die wind turbine sy rotor spoed wissel. Maar daar is 'n beperking op die krag wat die kragopwekker kan produseer en daarom work tegnieke gebruik om die gevange krag te verminder wanneer daar bo die gegradeerde wind spoed gewerk word. 'n Turbine beheerder word ontwikkel wat werk om 'n spoedbeheer maksimum kragpunt dop tegniek vir maksimum krag vang en die sagtestaking van die lemme krag vang deur oormatige wind spoed te verminder. Die RSM is gemodeleer saam met 'n turbine simulasie model kompleet met 'n wind bron kragopwekker om die prestasie van die stelsel te evalueer. Spoedbeheerde maksimum kragpunt dop is bekend om wringkrag gladheid vir 'n vinnige dop prestasie te offer. Om hierdie harde gevolge op die kragoorbringstelsel te versag is die spoed verwysing van die kragopwekker gefiltreer om 'n gemiddelde reaksie op die optimale spoed verwysing te verskaf. Dit word getoon om gereelde en hoë spoed, wringkrag en elektriese krag variases te verminder al is optimale prestasie nie moontlik nie. Enige afname van aandrystelsel moegheid wat operasie tyd van die turbine maksimeer word beskou as 'n belangrike gewin. Die RSM bewys eienskappe wat van toepassing is op die turbine aansoeke na aanleiding met sy hoë doeltreffendheid, goeie vervaardigbaarheid eienskappe, lae koste end ' hoë robuustheid. Sy hoër krag digtheid oor induksiemasjien is ook gunstig al is drywingselektronika nodig vir optimale werking van die masjien.
2

Design of a reluctance synchronous machine for an electric vehicle with a multi speed gearbox

Vorster, Christiaan Willem 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conventional electrical vehicles (EVs) favour mostly permanent magnet machines with single speed gearboxes. This is understandable, the PM machine has a high power density making the electrical machine smaller in size. The PM machine also has a favourable field weakening capability combining this with a single speed gearbox nearly perfectly matches the required traction curve. However the dependency of rare earth metals from China and the environmental issues raised by mining these metals raise concern. Therefore alternatives should be considered. Induction -, switch reluctance - and wound rotor machines are all gaining ground as favourable traction machines to power vehicles. The reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) is known for it’s robustness and high efficiency, however the machine has a limited field-weakening capability. To overcome this short coming a multi gearbox from an internal combustion engine (ICE) is suggested. By combining the RSM and multi speed gearbox it is possible to match the traction curve. There are numerous advantages offered by using this system, especially from an performance and efficiency point of view. However there are also numerous challenges faced by using the suggested powertrain, however the focus of this study is mainly on performance and efficiency of the motor and the powertrain. As a case study a Corsa 140i is used and the design specifications is taken from the ICE. The aim is to design a RSM that meets the specifications of the ICE. The RSM structure is mathematically modelled then optimized using commercial optimization and 2D finite element software. To evaluate the design of the RSM, the motor is then tested. The powertrain is then tested by connecting the motor onto the gearbox of the Corsa and the efficiency of the powertrain is evaluated. The test results it shown that the RSM can be used as a traction motor. There are two motors built one with NO20 and the other with M530-65A lamination steel. Both motors perform well throughout the speed and torque spectrum. The measured efficiency at the rated condition for the motor with the NO20 steel is above 91% and the motor with the M530-65A laminations above 89%. The power train is is tested in 4th and 5th gear. The efficiency of 4th and 5th gear is approximated and the efficiency is above 90% . This high efficiency makes the multi speed gearbox a competitor for the EV power train. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektrisie voertuie (EVe) het meestal permanent magneet motors met ’n enkel spoed ratkas. Dit is verstaanbaar, die PMS masjien het ’n hoë krag digtigheid wat die masjien kleiner maak in grote. Die PMS masjien het ’n baie goeie vloed veld verswakkings gebied en as dit gekombineer word met ’n enkel spoed ratkas, volg dit die velangde traksie kurwe amper perfek. Die nadeel is dat die PMS motor skaars aard metale nodig het vir die magnete van China af. Die probleem is dat daar baie omgewings probleme gepaard gaan om die metale te myn en China beheer die mark. As gevolg hiervan moet ander tipe motors oorweeg word as traksie motors vir voertuie. Skakel reluktansie, induksie en ’n wikkel rotor motors is almal besig om vordering te maak as traksie motors vir EV’e. Die sinchroon reluktansie motor (RSM) is bekend as ’n robuuste en effektiewe motor. Die probleem met die RSM is dat dit nie ’n goeie vloed veld verswakkings gebied het nie. Om die probleem te oorkom, word ’n veranderlike spoed ratkas van ’n binnebrand engin voorgestel. Deur om die RSM en die veranderlike spoed ratkas as ’n dryfstelsel te gebruik kan die verlangde traksie kurwe ook verkry word. Daar is talle voordele om ’n veranderlike spoed ratkas te gebruik, veral van af ’n draaimoment verrigting en effektiwiteits oogpunt. Daar is ongelukkig ook baie uitdagings wat gepaard gaan as ’n veranderlike spoed ratkas gebruik wil word in die dryfstelsel. Alhoewel daar baie uitdagings is kyk die studie slegs na die draaimoment verrigting en die effektiwiteit van die dryfstelsel. ’n Corsa 140i word as ’n gevallestudie gebruik en die spesifikasies vir die elektrisie motor word vanaf die spesifikasies van die binnebrand engin geneem. Die doel is om ’n motor te ontwerp wat dieselfde spesifikasies het as die binnebrand engin. Die RSM strukstuur word wiskundig gemodelleer en dan geoptimeer deur gebruik te maak van kommersiele optimering en 2D eindige element sagteware. Om die ontwerp te verifieer word die motor getoets. Die dryfstelsel word dan getoets deur om die motor met die raktas te konnekteer. Die draaimoment verrigting en die effektiwiteit word dan ge-evalueer. Twee motors word gebou, een met NO20 laminasies en een met M530-65A laminasies. Beide motors het goeie verrigting deur die spoed en draaimoment gebied. Die gemeete effektiwiteit van die motor met die NO20 laminasies is bo 91% en die motor met die M530-65A laminasies het ’n gemeete effektiwiteit bo 89%. Die toets resultate wys dat die RSM as ’n traksie motor gebruik kan word. Die dryfstelsel word in 4de en 5de rat ge-evalueer. Die effektiwiteit van die ratkas in 4de en 5de word benader en ’n effektiwiteit bo 90% is verkry. Hierdie hoë effektiwiteit maak die veranderlike spoed ratkas ’n lewensvatbare mededinger in die EV dryfstelsel.

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