No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Rehabilitation and reconstruction of dilapidated houses in the Old City is now the central issue of urban development of Beijing. On the one hand, it relates to the life of 800,000 people who live in old and dilapidated houses in the old residential quarters; on the other hand, it directly deals with the issue of preservation of the image of the old city. Starting with three pilot projects in 1988, 37 Stage One projects have been completed and some projects of further Stages are in the process of being built within the urban renewal program. However, the result is not so satisfactory in fulfilling its ends. / This study is conducted in two main stages: first it attempts to demonstrate the rather complex circumstances which the urban renewal program is encountering. The redevelopment process is examined from the perspectives of political intention, economic limitation, professional dedication as well as concerns of the powers-that-be at different levels. Second, through the in-depth study on the process, preservation of the old city and re-accommodation of the original residents are raised to be the two key issues to evaluate the performance of the program. Detailed discussions are thus held around these two topics. / Efforts have also been made to find where the problems lie in order to direct the change of the political intention and consequently result in the adjustment of the policies and practice. Only then is it possible for the redevelopment program not to deviate from its main goals, which are to improve the living conditions of people and to preserve the image of the ancient capital.

The purpose of this practicum is to better understand Sargent Avenue. The objective is the rejuvenation of this Avenue in a neighborhood that has been in decline for three decades, with the aim that this may become a catalyst for urban renewal in the neighborhood. Some of the principal issues are: municipal government neglect, population flux, affordable housing, crime, prostitution, outdated planning and development model, and an unclear vision of the future. The area’s community groups such as the Spence Neighborhood Association, and the Daniel McIntyre/St. Matthews Community Association are working in and have made headway in bringing life back to the West End. The coming together of landscape architecture principles and fundamentals will produce a viable design intervention for Sargent Avenue and the Spence and Daniel McIntyre/St. Matthews Communities that would encourage a healthier community. This work has reinforced the imperative that people are the most important aspect in any design.

The following key words were used: resistance, change, renewal, conflict, change management, resistance management, restructuring. All economies, and especially an economy like that of The New South Africa, depend on a well-educated, adaptable and continuously teaching work force to generate and implement change and innovation in schools. This requires a high quality and standard of education. Furthermore, education has a critical role to play in attempts to develop and maintain successful democratic societies. To address these objectives, order in the practical teaching situation is a prerequisite. Educators play a key role in creating quality and order in the practical teaching situation. Quality and order in education mean that the education process and outcomes must realise the best potential of the learners and meet the expectations of the community. Other factors such as resources may also contribute, but educators are mainly responsible for such quality and order since these aspects are rooted in their knowledge, skills and dedication. At present large numbers of pupils leave school with a school record of failure and without sufficient knowledge, understanding and competence to pursue successful careers. One of the reasons for this sense of failure is the almost complete absence of order in some schools since educators are resisting change which is brought about in the education system. There are many reasons for the apparent resistance to change. It is believed that educators can, to a certain extent, be regarded as a significant factor (perhaps a key factor) causing lack of order and discipline in schools, because of lack of support from the education department in meeting the needs of educators to enable educators to be productive. The management of resistance to change by school principals in Sedibeng-West (D8) was investigated in this study. Changes are continually occurring on all levels of a rapidly developing community. The school principal, as education manager, should be trained in a firm variety of skills, whlch will enable him to implement the management of resistance to change efficiently. Examples of large-scale changes that occurred in education during the past six years are the implementation of Curriculum 2005 and the transformation of Model C schools. It would therefore appear that it might be sensible to focus on reducing educators' resistance to change as part of a strategy to re-establish and promote order in education. The aim of this research centred on the following questions: How can the concept "resistance" be interpreted to create positive attitudes amongst educators to accept change in the education system? What is the role of principals as managers of resistance to change? Firstly, a literature study was undertaken to ascertain the nature of resistance to change, as well as methods and models according to which resistance to change can be managed. Findings from the literature study point to a number of aspects of resistance to change that play a decisive role in the management of change. These include factors giving rise to resistance to change, types of resistance to change, manifestation of resistance to change and reaction phases of resistance to change. Secondly, an empirical investigation was undertaken to investigate the degree and way in which school principals manage resistance to change and how educators' attitudes can be changed to accept change positively. For this purpose structured questionnaires were used. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

This study is an attempt to highlight a few aspects of the Islamic revival and reawakening in Bangladesh in the period between 1905 to 1975. Being once part of the British Empire, Bangladesh was bequeathed secular education and secular government. In pre-colonial period Islam commanded great respect in as much as Islamic education and Islamic law are concerned. With the coming of the British, the role of the <i>Sharf'ah and 'Ulama </i>diminished. Our main concentration in this study is devoted to the role of traditional <i>'Ulama </i>who as true disciples of Shah Wali Ullah Al Dehlawi, pioneered his revival mission in the twentieth century. Particular attention has been devoted to the activities of four major <i>daw'ah</i> movements (Islamic missionary), namely, the <i>'Ulama</i> of Deoband Seminary; <i>Jama'at Tabligh</i> (an off-shoot of Deoband); <i>Jami'yyat-i-'Ulama and Nizam-i-Islam</i> party; and <i>Jama'at-i-Islami</i> of Abul 'ala Mawdudi; which have the support of general muslims in the country. Responses to these movements, which have come from various quarters within the Bangali milieu, are also discussed. In this context, the United struggles of 'Ulama' for establishment of Islamic rule and Islamization of the constitution were highlighted. Further, some discussion is given to the problems arises out of the differences of opinion between different sections of <i>'Ulama</i> which have in a way hampered the smooth progress of Islamic <i>daw'ah</i>. In the light of the problems, we advance some modest suggestions deemed practicable for consideration of all groups. We also consider briefly the rise of Bengali nationalism. The nature of Islamic movements in the pre-independence and the position of Islamic movements in the post-independent Bangledesh until the late 70s.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MReg&UrbPlan)--University of South Australia, 1999