Global ETD Search

141	Vårdens transformering : en studie av utrednings- och fertilitetsvård för transpersoner Erbenius, Theo January 2018 (has links) Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur det perspektivskifte som skett rörandetranspersoner som potentiella föräldrar mellan 1972 och 2013 tagits emot och omsatts ipraktiken inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Uppsatsen söker identifiera förändringsprocesser,brytpunkter, problem och lösningar. Det primära materialet består av intervjuer med personalpå utredningsenheten ANOVA och fertilitetskliniken Reproduktionsmedicin KI. Uppsatsenpåvisar att cisnormativitetens gradvisa tillbakagång på samhällsnivå medfört en successivnormalisering av transpersoners föräldraskap inom vården, samt att vårdkedjor utvecklas viaen interaktiv process mellan vårdgivare, patienter, teknologi, juridik och politik. 2013 årslagändring varigenom personer med ändrad könstillhörighet erhöll den juridiska rätten tillbiologiskt föräldraskap är i praktiken bristfälligt realiserad på grund av bristande finansiering. Transgender gender incongruence gender dysphoria transsexualism genderdiagnostic evaluation gender-affirming health care assisted reproductive technology health care cisnormativity discourse Transperson könsinkongruens könsdysfori transsexualism könsutredning könsbekräftande behandling fertilitetsvård assisterad befruktning hälso- och sjukvård cisnormativitet diskurs Ethnology Etnologi
142	Ovarian Reserve and Assisted Reproduction Brodin, Thomas January 2013 (has links) Treatment success in IVF-ICSI is mainly limited by female age, but differences in ovarian reserve (OR; the remaining pool of oocytes and their quality) between individuals modify treatment prerequisites among women of similar age. OR may be assessed by OR tests (ORTs). The main aims of this work were to study menstrual cycle length (MCL), basal levels of circulating gonadotrophins, antral follicle count (AFC) and serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and their associations with and prognostic capacities regarding IVF-ICSI outcome in large cohorts of unselected women. Age-adjusted MCL was positively and linearly associated with pregnancy rates (PRs), live-birth rates (LBRs) and ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. An MCL of >34 days almost doubled the LBR compared with an MCL of <26 days. The grouped variable ‘combined FSH and LH levels’ was superior to both individual gonadotrophin levels and the LH:FSH ratio. The highest mean PR was seen in connection with a combination of FSH <6.7 U/l with LH >4.9 U/l; PRs were lowest when FSH-LH levels were opposite to this (high-low) and intermediate when FSH-LH levels were low-low or high-high. Associations with LBR and ovarian response were similar as those for PR. AFCs and serum AMH levels were positively and log-linearly associated with PR, LBR and ovarian response. Success rates levelled out above AFC 30 or AMH 5 ng/ml. Treatment outcome was superior among women with polycystic ovaries. Among the studied ORTs, logAFC and logAMH concentration correlated most strongly. After multivariate testing, entering all studied ORTs, AMH and female age remained independently associated with LBR. AMH + AFC + age predicted both poor and excessive ovarian responses with high accuracy. Adjusting for age and oocyte yield, all ORTs remained significant for LBR, implying that ORTs also capture information on oocyte quality. In conclusion, measures of OR are strongly associated with PR, LBR and ovarian response in a log-linear fashion, and partly reflect oocyte quality. The OR spectrum is continuous, from small ‘oligofollicular’ ovaries (the low extreme) to polycystic ovaries (the high extreme). Among the studied ORTs, AMH together with age provide the most powerful basal estimate for IVF/ICSI outcome. AFC AMH anti-Müllerian hormone antral follicle count follicle-stimulating hormone FSH ICSI infertility intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization IVF LH live birth luteinizing hormone menstrual cycle menstrual cycle length ovarian reserve pregnancy reproductive endocrinology reproductive technology
143	Gynaehorror: Women, theory and horror film Harrington, Erin Jean January 2014 (has links) This thesis offers an analysis of women in horror film through an in depth exploration of what I term ‘gynaehorror’ – horror films that are concerned with female sex, sexuality and reproduction. While this is a broad and fruitful area of study, work in it has been shaped by a pronounced emphasis upon psychoanalytic theory, which I argue has limited the field of inquiry. To challenge this, this thesis achieves three things. Firstly, I interrogate a subgenre of horror that has not been studied in depth for twenty years, but that is experiencing renewed interest. Secondly, I analyse aspects of this subgenre outside of the dominant modes of inquiry by placing an emphasis upon philosophies of sex, gender and corporeality, rather than focussing on psychodynamic approaches. Thirdly, I consider not only what these theories may do for the study of horror films, but what spaces of inquiry horror films may open up within these philosophical areas. To do this, I focus on six broad streams: the current limitations and opportunities in the field of horror scholarship, which I augment with a discussion of women’s bodies, houses and spatiality; the relationship between normative heterosexuality and the twin figures of the chaste virgin and the voracious vagina dentata; the representation and expression of female subjectivity in horror films that feature pregnancy and abortion; the manner in which reproductive technology is bound up within hegemonic constructions of gender and power, as is evidenced by the figure of the ‘mad scientist’; the way that discourses of motherhood and maternity in horror films shift over time, but nonetheless result in the demonisation of the mother; and the theoretical and corporeal possibilities opened up through Deleuze and Guattari’s model of schizoanalysis, with specific regard to the 'Alien' films. As such, this thesis makes a unique contribution to the study of women in horror film, while also advocating for an expansion of the theoretical repertoire available to the horror scholar. Horror horror film popular culture film theory feminist film theory post-structural feminism sex women in film gender corporeality embodiment subjectivity virginity vagina dentata heteronormativity pregnancy foetal subjectivity childbirth abortion reproductive technology mad science motherhood schizoanalysis Deleuze and Guattari
144	Quality assessment of cryopreserved spermatozoa of the blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Mynhardt, Neil Philip 22 August 2012 (has links) M.Sc. / Climate change, loss of habitat and over-exploitation of natural resources as well as the introduction of invasive alien species through human activities are resulting in an ever increasing risk of extinction of many plant and animal species. There are two major approaches to conserving threatened and endangered species. Firstly the large scale preservation of natural habitat and ecological processes, thereby protecting the species inhabiting the habitat. The second approach involves the ex-situ breeding of rare and endangered species. It is estimated that in the next 200 years approximately 800 mammalian species will require the assistance of breeding programs to ensure long term genetic viability. Biological Resource Banks (BRB) can potentially contribute to this challenge by providing a source of genes that can be used to counter the effects of external selection pressures, genetic drift and inbreeding depression in small or fragmented populations. These banks commonly contain biological materials such as cryopreserved sperm, embryos and cell cultures mainly as genetic and research resources. . Biological resource banks can potentially use these cryopreserved gametes together with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilisation (IVF), embryo transfer (ET), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and nuclear transfer (NT) to maintain genetic heterogeneity in ex-situ and wild populations. Ascertaining the appropriate protocols for developing the ARTs necessary for non-domestic species is one of the major challenges faced by reproductive physiologists. Typically, there is very little available information about the processing of semen, the effects of diluents, concentration and type of cryoprotectants and freeze-thaw methods for sperm samples of non-domestic species. Procedures proven to be highly effective in humans and laboratory or domestic species, are frequently adopted and modified for use in related wildlife species. It is thus necessary to gain knowledge of the reproductive physiology of wildlife species in order to define effective protocols for the cryopreservation of biomaterials which assists in the conservation of South Africa‘s diverse wildlife species. Sperm quality assessment is a useful tool for assessing the reproductive health of free-ranging populations as well as for selecting individuals for future assisted reproduction programs. Reproductive technology Game protection Endangered species conservation Blesbok - Artificial insemination Brindled gnu - Artificial insemination Extinction (Biology)
145	Contribution of vitrification to human assisted reproduction / Apport de la vitrification à la PMA Fasano, Giovanna 28 March 2013 (has links) La cryopréservation, dans le domaine de la reproduction médicalement assistée, constitue depuis de nombreuses années une branche suscitant beaucoup d’intérêts et d’espoirs. En effet, de nombreuses équipes de recherche se sont attelées à mettre au point et à améliorer des protocoles permettant de conserver les gamètes, les embryons et les tissus reproducteurs.<p>Malgré le fait que la cryopréservation soit une technique très attractive, elle peut avoir des effets délétères sur les cellules. Les protocoles expérimentaux visent donc à minimiser ces effets afin d’augmenter la survie et la compétence cellulaire après décongélation.<p><p>Les deux méthodes les plus utilisées, la congélation lente et la vitrification, présentent chacune des avantages et des inconvénients. En effet, la première ne permet pas d’éliminer la cristallisation intracellulaire. Quant à la seconde, elle empêche la formation de cristaux de glace mais pourrait provoquer une toxicité due à la forte concentration des cryoprotecteurs. <p><p>Cette thèse de doctorat propose plusieurs objectifs :<p><p>•\ / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Disciplines biomédicales diverses Médecine pathologie humaine Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc Cryobiology Human reproductive technology Frozen human embryos Ovum Cryobiologie Procréation médicalement assistée Embryons humains congelés Ovocytes human ovocytes in vitro maturation slow freezing vitrification cryopreservation human embryos
146	L'influence du droit de la santé sur le droit extra-patrimonial de la famille : repenser le droit français à la lumière du droit suisse / The influence of health law on extrapatrimonial family law Cappellari, Anaëlle 09 December 2014 (has links) Le droit de la santé réglemente les actions de santé lato sensu. En encadrant juridiquement une pluralité d'actes médicaux, comme l'AMP, l'interruption de grossesse, l'examen des empreintes génétiques ou encore les dons d'éléments et produits du corps humain, il influence le droit extra-patrimonial de la famille. Cette influence est protéiforme et se manifeste à la fois sur la détermination des liens familiaux et sur les droits et devoirs en découlant. Le droit comparé franco-suisse, dans sa fonction de connaissance du droit, permet de révéler les manifestations de cette influence. Le droit de la santé français exerce fréquemment un rôle moteur, subversif des concepts civilistes traditionnels. Le droit de la santé et le droit de la famille sont le plus souvent pensés séparément, le premier tendant parfois à s'autonomiser. À l'inverse, le droit de la santé suisse s'inspire régulièrement des constructions civilistes préexistantes, même si la finalité sanitaire justifie parfois un renouvellement des concepts. Ainsi, les deux champs du droit sont le plus souvent pensés globalement, approche dont le droit français gagnerait à s'inspirer. L'influence du droit de la santé sur le droit extra-patrimonial de la famille doit être repensée en tenant compte des objectifs poursuivis par les différentes règles de droit. La spécificité des actes médicaux à finalité familiale justifie que le droit de la santé soit cantonné à un rôle technique, suiveur de l'évolution du droit de la famille. En revanche, lorsqu'il réglemente les actes médicaux susceptibles d'influencer les droits et devoirs familiaux, le droit de la santé peut exercer un rôle complémentaire à celui du droit de la famille. / Health law regulates medical activity. By giving a legal framework to several medical acts, such as ART, abortion, DNA identification or donations of components and products of the human body, it influences extrapatrimonial family law. This influence is undeniably protean as it is exerted on both the definition and the legal regime of family ties. In its quest for improving knowledge of legal systems, French-Swiss comparative law can reveal and explain the manner in which this influence is expressed. In France, health law often plays a leading role, thus subverting traditional family law concepts and sometimes leading to inconsistencies. Health law and family law are usually viewed separately, with health law often taking an autonomous stance. In Switzerland, on the other hand, health law frequently draws on preexisting civil and family law concepts. Most of the time, these two fields of law are thought of together. This analysis incites us to rebuild French law in the light of Swiss law. The influence of health law on extrapatrimonial family law must be rethought, by taking into account the goal of each legal rule. The specificity of medical acts pursuing family interests justifies confining health law to a technical role, following the evolution of family law. Health law must be a tool for family law. However, health law can complement family law when it comes to the determination of family rights and duties. This complementarity is expressed either through the articulation of both branches of law when common goals are visible, or through the search for criteria capable of reconciling the conflicting goals pursued by these two subjects. Adn Droit comparé Procréation médicalement assistée Droit de la santé Droit de la famille Gift of body parts and products Dna Comparative law Assisted reproductive technology Health law Family law
147	La stérilisation irréversible : identité des femmes sans enfant par choix, entre agentivité et biopouvoir Gignac, Anne-Sophie 08 1900 (has links) Le processus menant à la stérilisation irréversible chez les femmes nullipares comporte plusieurs enjeux sur le plan individuel et social. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre de quelle façon est vécue cette expérience par ces femmes au sein du système de santé québécois en portant attention aux difficultés administratives et émotionnelles du processus et aux moyens utilisés pour surmonter ces difficultés et parvenir à réaliser l’opération de stérilisation. Cette recherche a été concrétisée grâce à la participation de treize femmes qui n’ont pas d’enfant et qui souhaitent se faire ligaturer les trompes de Fallope. Les entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées auprès de ces participantes qui composent le corpus de données de cette recherche ont été effectuées sur les plateformes de visioconférence Zoom et Facetime. L’analyse des résultats de l’étude a permis de démontrer qu’une identité liée à la biosocialité émerge au fil du processus, que l’expérience de ces femmes témoigne d’une forme d’agentivité à la fois active et passive et enfin que la relation que ses femmes établissent avec les médecins au sein du système de santé peut être problématisée en termes de biopouvoir. Cette recherche permet d’une part d’offrir un regard anthropologique sur l’expérience des femmes sans enfant par choix tout au long du processus menant à la ligature des trompes de Fallope. D’autre part, elle contribue à cerner les enjeux qui sont en lien avec la reproduction et ceux qui concernent l’hégémonie de la biomédecine au sein du système de santé québécois. / The process leading to irreversible sterilization for nulliparous women involves several individual and social issues. The objective of this research is to understand how this experience is lived by these women within the Quebec healthcare system by paying attention to the administrative and emotional difficulties of the process and to the means used to overcome these difficulties and achieve the sterilization operation. This research was carried out by the participation of thirteen women who do not have children and who wish to undergo tubal ligation. The semi-structured interviews conducted with these participants make up the corpus of datas for this research. They were conducted on Zoom videoconferencing platforms as well as on Facetime. The analysis of the results of the study allowed to demonstrate that an identity linked to biosociality emerges throughout the process, that the experience of these women testifies to a form of agency that is both active and passive, and finally that a form of biopower emerges from their relationship with the physicians within the health system. On the one hand, this research provides an anthropological look at the experience of women who are childfree by choice throughout the process leading to tubal ligation. On the other hand, it contributes to identify issues related to reproduction and those concerning the hegemony of biomedicine within the Quebec health system. Québec Stérilisation Femmes sans enfant par choix Biotechnologies de la reproduction Système de santé Identité Agentivité Biopouvoir Normes sociales Sterilization Childfree by choice Reproductive technology Health-care system Identity Agency Biopower Social norms
148	Embryo Adoption: Implications of Personhood, Marriage, and Parenthood McMillen, Brooke Marie 14 April 2008 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / One’s personal claims regarding personhood will influence his moral belief regarding embryo adoption. In Chapter One, I consider the personhood of the human embryo. If the human embryo is a person, we are morally obligated to permit the practice of embryo adoption as an ethical means to save human persons. However, for those who do not claim that an embryo is a person at conception, embryo adoption is not a necessary practice because we have no moral obligation to protect them. There are still others who claim that personhood is gained at some point during gestation when certain mental capacities develop. I offer my own claim that consciousness and sentience as well as the potential to be self-conscious mark the beginning of personhood. Embryo adoption raises several questions surrounding the institution of marriage. Due to its untraditional method of procreation, embryo adoption calls into question the role of procreation within marriage. In Chapter Two, I explore the nature of the marriage relationship by offering Lisa Cahill’s definition of marriage which involves both a spiritual and physical dimension, and then I describe the concept of marriage from different perspectives including a social, religious, and a personal perspective. From a personal perspective, I explore the relationship between marriage and friendship. Finally, I describe how the concept of marriage is understood today and explore the advantages to being married as opposed to the advantages of being single. Embryo adoption changes the way we customarily think about procreation within a family because in embryo adoption, couples are seeking an embryo from another union to be implanted into the woman. This prompts some philosophers to argue that embryo adoption violates the marriage relationship. In Chapter Three, I further consider the impact of embryo adoption on the family as an extension of the marital relationship as well as the impact of embryo adoption on the traditional roles of motherhood and fatherhood. I examine motherhood by looking at how some philosophers define motherhood and when these philosophers claim a woman becomes a mother. After considering these issues regarding motherhood, I examine the same issues surrounding fatherhood. Peg Brand, PhD., Chair Embryo adoption Embryo rescue Embryo Adoption Rescue Motherhood Fatherhood Marriage Personhood Gestation Conception Reproductive technology Reproduction Surrogacy Conscious Consciousness Sentience Person Self-conscious Self-consciousness Procreation Conjugal union Marriage relationship Procreate Pregnancy Genetic motherhood Gestational motherhood Social motherhood Genetic father Social father Mother Motherhood Father Fatherhood IVF In vitro In vitro fertilization Pregnancy Postnatal adoption Althaus Aquinas Conee Crosby DeGrazia Finnis Ford Locke Lovering McMahan Parfit Quinn Singer Sumner Thomson Tooley Warren Cahill Moller Landau Mill Catholic Lutheran Calvinist Calvinism Aristotle Catholicism Kant Parsons Primoratz Feldman Firestone Tonti-Filippini Watt Geach Human embryo -- Transplantation Adoption -- Religious aspects Motherhood Fatherhood Marriage
149	Building families through Assisted Reproductive Technologies in South Africa: a critical legal analysis Mande, Ntumba 02 1900 (has links) The advent of ARTs has enabled many individuals to have children and build families. Although ARTs have from the start been designated to serve as alternative way for heterosexual infertile individuals and couples to have genetically related children, ARTs are nowadays widely used by gays and lesbians to have even genetically unrelated children and build their families. This study addresses the well-being of children born as a result of ARTs and growing up in homosexual families in South Africa. South Africa has legalised homosexual unions, granting gays and lesbians several rights, including the right to marry, use ARTs to reproduce, and build families in which they raise their children. South Africa has also provided constitutional and statutory protection of children’s rights and has further required that the child’s best interests be considered as paramount in every matter concerning the child. Although ARTs may have allowed people to have children, they have proven to put the child’s interests at risk. ARTs are associated with several physical and psychological problems for resulting children. The legal protection provided for those children seems to be inadequate in respect of their best interests. Unlike Australian statutes that have provided strong protection for the child’s best interests, South African legislations regulating ARTs are far from protecting ART-born children’s interests. The application of the child’s best interests criterion to ART procedures has revealed that in the USA and Australia efforts of the state, ART providers and parents have been centred on the transfer of the custody of the ART-born child to the commissioning parent(s). Although in South Africa the application of the child’s best interests in the context of surrogacy procedures has revealed the protection of the child’s interests, it should be noted that that protection seems to focus on the child’s post-birth period. This situation leaves ART-born children without any protection, especially before their birth. In order to give effect to section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and protect ART-born children’s interests, I make certain proposals for law reform in the final chapter of this thesis. / Private Law / LL. D The best interests of the child Child’s best interests criterion Child’s well-being Homosexual families Building families Infertile individuals Legalisation of homosexual unions 346.171068 Gay parents -- South Africa Domestic relations -- South Africa
150	Le refus de traitement en procréation médicalement assistée au Québec Morel-Laforce, Tierry 12 1900 (has links) D’une juridiction à l’autre, les modèles législatifs encadrant la procréation médicalement assistée (PMA) diffèrent, allant de l’absence de directives nationales à des agences réglementaires supervisant les cliniques de fertilité. De 2010 à 2015, le Québec finançait les services de PMA pour ses résidents sans définir de critères d’accessibilité. Alors que l’adoption de critères d’accessibilité représente un défi éthique complexe, les candidats souhaitant obtenir des services de PMA peuvent être confrontés à un refus par des professionnels sur la base d’une évaluation subjective. Déterminer les critères présentement utilisés par les professionnels en l’absence de directives législatives peut éclaircir les décisions difficiles auxquelles ils font face quotidiennement. Un tel travail peut aussi informer la réflexion éthique quant à l’étude normative de directives dans ce domaine. La présente étude décrit les critères d’accessibilité utilisés par les professionnels travaillant dans des cliniques de fertilité, privées ou publiques, au Québec. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées avec quatre médecins et quatre psychologues. Une recension des écrits a permis de regrouper les critères reportés dans la littérature selon leurs similitudes, puis d’analyser les entrevues selon ces regroupements. De façon générale, les professionnels du Québec utilisent des critères similaires à ceux des professionnels d’autres pays, mais des critères non recensés dans la littérature ont aussi été utilisés par les participants. Les critères utilisés les plus communs étaient la relation conjugale, l’état de santé mentale ainsi que l’âge des candidats. Une découverte importante est que les professionnels n’utilisaient pas un seul critère pour refuser un candidat, mais plutôt une combinaison de facteurs en tenant compte de son contexte de vie. Une autre découverte intéressante est l’utilisation du « rejet temporaire », c’est-à-dire le report des traitements à un meilleur moment pour les candidats selon le professionnel. Les entrevues ont permis de déterminer que les professionnels agissent en tant que gatekeepers et doivent souvent prendre des décisions qui dépassent l’évaluation clinique en se basant sur un jugement personnel. Ce rôle n’est pas facile et les participants ont exprimé des doutes et des remises en question de leurs propres décisions. / From 2010 to 2015, Quebec offered comprehensive public funding for assisted reproductive technologies (ART), allowing access to any female resident ‘of reproductive age’ without specifying eligibility criteria. Other jurisdictions have different models ranging from absence of criteria to regulatory agencies overseeing fertility clinics. While establishing eligibility criteria is an ethically daunting task, candidates wishing to access ART may be confronted with professionals who reject them based on subjective criteria. Exploring what criteria are used in practice, in the absence of regulatory guidance, can shed light on the challenges faced by professionals and their decision-making needs. It can also inform our ethical reflection regarding the normative positions required for establishing guidelines in this sensitive area. This qualitative study describes eligibility criteria used by healthcare professionals working in fertility clinics in Quebec, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with four physicians and four psychologists working in both public and private clinics. An extensive literature review on the topic allowed the separation of criteria into groups under overarching themes, which were then used to analyze the interviews. Findings suggests that overall, professionals in Quebec are using similar criteria to those used by professionals in other countries. They also referred to criteria not found in the literature, which required the creation of new groups for analysis. Among the criteria used by interviewees, the researchers found that the relationship status was the most common, followed by candidates’ mental health and their age. A major finding was that professionals never considered one isolated criterion to reject candidates, but rather based their decision on a combination of factors while considering the context of the candidate’s life. Another important element was the repeated phenomenon of “temporary rejection”, i.e. a professional postponing treatment until a later date describing it as a “better time” for candidates who did not seem ready to undergo treatments. Overall, decisions were made by analyzing the context in which candidates were living and in which the prospective child would be raised. The interviews lead to the conclusion that professionals act as gatekeepers and often need to make normative decisions that go beyond a clinical assessment, based on a personal judgement call. These decisions were not easily taken and participants expressed doubts and decisional conflict. Procréation médicalement assistée Politiques de santé Dilemmes éthiques Professionnel de la santé Facteurs socio-éthiques Refus de traitement Critères d’éligibilité Assisted reproductive technology Healthcare regulations Ethical dilemmas Healthcare professional Socio-ethical aspect Treatment refusal Eligibility criteria

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