No description available.

No description available.

The reproductive efficiency in the grandparent stock and the parent stock of geese was monitored in the thesis. In terms of the grandparent stock, there were found out better values in year 2012 than in year 2013. In 2012, there was a better egg fertilization of 4.61 % (the average was 49.65 %) and hatchability of the put eggs better of 3.83 % (the average was 39.01 %). The hatchability of the fertilized eggs was almost the same in both years. It has the same value of 78.63 %. Best results were proved in strains 1, 3 and 4. Worst values were proved in the strain number 41. The chosen indicators of geese of four ponds were monitored in the parent stock. The average fertilization of eggs was 58.26%; significantly higher value was proved in case of the Jakulský pond (72.34%). The average hatchability of the put eggs reached 46.46%; the highest value was also proved on the Jakulský pond (56.22%). The other ponds have balanced results. The hatchability of the fertilized eggs reached the average value of 79.10%, the highest value was proved on the Lomský pond (84.45%); the second place is represented by the Velebil pond (79.42%). The geese bred on the Lomský pond had eggs with the lowest fertilization, but with the highest percent of hatchability of the fertilized eggs. In case of geese bred on the Velebil pond, there was an increase of the monitored indicators in year 2013 than in 2012. In contrast, the Byňovský pond, the Jakulský pond and the Lomský pond showed an increase of the monitored indicators in 2012. There was a smaller difference of egg fertilization in geese of the Jakulský and the Lomský pond. There was a smaller difference of hatchability indicators of either put or fertilized eggs in geese bred on the Byňovský and the Jakulský pond.

The thesis focuses on the issues concerning development of reproductive behaviour in the Czech Republic and basic socio-demographic and economic indicators which affect this behaviour. The main aim of the thesis is to identify key socio-demographic and economic factors which affect attitudes and reality in the reproductive behaviour in the Czech Republic. It describes changes in the demographic structure and reproductive behaviour as well as changes in and consequences of population development. The analytical method used was a questionnaire and the data provided by this questionnaire were analysed with the help of word dependence and comparison. The questionnaire results proved that in ideal living conditions respondents would like to have more children than in reality. Reality is far from ideal and it is particularly caused by relationships between partners and by economic situation of respondents. However, most respondents prefer to have two children, which in terms of natural renewal of the population is not sufficient. It is important for today's demographic development to support an economically active population with three or more children. The questionnaire results are described in tables with a commentary and conclusion enclosed.

Several studies have been carried out to understand reproductive biology of invasive crayfish. Many researchers have described how invasive species establish their population in new habitats, interactions between native and invasive species, their fast spreading, changing of behavior and biology especially reproductive behavior and even genetics. But it seems that there are still lots of questions and gaps which need to be addressed in case of invasive crayfish species. This thesis tried to focus on different aspects of reproduction biology of invasive crayfish. Generally, the normal crayfish reproduction mode is gonochorism. But, it has been showed in the literature that a few species such as Cherax quadricarinatus, Samastacus spinifrons, Parastacus virilastacus and Pacifastacus leniusculus may have different reproduction modes such as hermaphroditism or intersex. Parthenogenesis has been found in Procambarus fallax f. virginalis. Also, apomictic parthenogenesis has been reported in Orconectes limosus. Moreover, there have been several manipulations which directly affect reproduction biology of crayfish under lab conditions. Additionally, hybridization can be expected between Astacus astacus and Astacus leptodactylus, Orconectes rusticus and Orconectes propinquus under natural conditions. Some studies supposed that chemical factors also one of the reasons which could lead to some changes in reproductive system of crayfish. The objective of the Chapter 2 was to report first evidence of intersex in the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852). That specimen appeared morphologically male but with both male and female genital openings, as well. Spermophores were obtained from vas defertia of this speciemen. Histological study was carried out and it has shown that both spermatophores and oocytes were present. The gonadosomatic index showed that intersex male had a GSI three times more higher than normal males. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa in three cambarid species Cambarus robustus, Orconectes propinquus, Orconectes rusticus were described and compered with eight previously studied species from family of Astacidae, Cambaridae and Parastacidae. In the studied cambarids, the crest-like protrusions in the anterior part of the acrosome is one of the most remarkable differences in case of morphological feature in spermatozoa and can be used for distinguishing the members of Cambaridae. The results of biometrical data showed that the smallest and biggest acrosome sizes in the studied species were in Parastacidae and Astacidae, respectively. The duration of post-mating spermatophore storage as well as the timing and temperature of spawning in two crayfish species (Pacifastacus leniusculus and Astacus astacus) were investigated in the Chapter 4. Seventy-one pairs of adult signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and thirty six pairs of noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) were used for experiment. The results indicated that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between noble crayfish and signal crayfish in average duration of the post-mating spermatophore storage. The duration of the post-mating spermatophore storage is longer in the noble crayfish with 34.6 ? 1.7 days than the signal crayfish with 3.9 ? 0.5 days. There were also differences in the timing of mating and egg laying between the signal crayfish and noble crayfish. In the population of signal crayfish both mating and egg laying overlapped, but in the population of noble crayfish there was at least two weeks gap between last mating and first egg laying individuals. Water temperature was significantly (P<0.05) higher during mating and egg laying in the signal crayfish than the noble crayfish. The average temperatures for mating in both species were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the temperatures that they utilized for egg laying. As a conclusion more research is needed for better understand of the reproduction strategies in invasive crayfish.

Reproduction and milk production are considered to be the main factors influencing the whole economy of cattle breeding. We have been monitoring the worsening reproduction related to cattle breeding for a long time. The introduction of synchronization protocols into reproductive management is a posibility to improve reproduction. The aim of my work was to detect the success rate of insemination after rut synchronization on the basis of the data analysis and to evaluate reproductive indicators. The monitoring was performed from January 2017 to June 2018. There were monitored 310 breeding Holstein cows with the yield level of 10 335 kg of milk. The data were obtained from the zootechnical records and the Farmsoft Program. The breeding reproductive level was poor. Here are following values of reproductive indicators: insemination interval - 63 days, service period - 124 days, intervening time - 407 days, intersemination interval - 35 days, insemination index - 2,63 and pregnancy after the first insemination - 33,23%. That was only the insemination interval to achieve great results because breeding cows were involved into the synchronization protocol Presynch within 31 to 38 days after birth. It was detected that cows after the synchornization program Presynch got pregnant in 36,6% after the first insemination, whereas breeding cows being inseminated for the required rut became pregnant in 28% cases after the first insemination. The percentage of pregnancy in synchronizated cows after the first insemination is almost identical to the average in the Czech Republic (37,1%). Performing hormonal therapy within Presynch increased the reproductive costs in one cow by 211 Czech crowns.

This thesis focused on monitoring and analysing selected parameters of assessing the level of zoohygiene, comfort and welfare of breeding dairy cows housed in four monitored stable obejct. Survey, evaluation and registracion of data related to the following indicators; health status of hooves, the incidence of mastititis and reproductive performance, were performed. A reference group, wich was appropriately prepared by a local zootechnician, who knows the farm enviroment, was set to find the meeded data and they were then monitored with the help of evidence of zootechnical and veterinary records. The research has confirmed that problems with hooves and consequent lameness occours when several factors are not kept. Conversely, compliance and respecting the needs of diary cown bring very positive results. The claim that there is an increased incidence of mastitis in the grate, litter housing has been disproved.

Diploma thesis was focused on the determination of seed production and their germination of selected species in the Apiaceae family. Selected species were common hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris). Further was conducted determination weight of thousand seeds of both species and at common hogweed was also determined by the number of seeds containing endosperms, thus seeds potentially capable of germination. Before determining the germination the seeds were stored at different temperature conditions for the long term. Under laboratory conditions was detected in the case of common hogweed very low germination and in the case of cow parsley zero germination. The average seed production per plant was at 888 hogweed seeds and at cow parsley 1 194 seeds. The average weight thousand of seeds was at common hogweed 2,79 grams and at cow parsley 2,12 grams. The endosperms were detected in less than half of the examined seed at each station.

The diploma thesis Influence of the breed of cattle on reproduction and production indicators presents a comparison of these two indicators in two breeds, the Czech Spotted cattle and Holstein cattle. Comparison of indicators is processed in order to confirm the accuracy of intent of the farm in Jevíčko, which is called. Holštýnizace of herd. In the field of production indicators Holstein cattle show six days prolonged lactation, which positively affects milk production, the annual production of milk is increased by 1827 kg (farm in Jevíčko), in republic this difference is even higher (2,389 kg). The content of milk components, ie. fat and protein, a farm in Jevíčko has values above average across the republic. In the field of of reproductive performance the percentage of successful pregnancy of both Leeds is comparable, about 5% below referring to the boundaries of good pregnancy. Service period is shorter in Czech Pied cattle. Period is long 103,5 days. With respect to milk production two breeds are within normal limits. Insemination index is at the Holstein breed for the whole period of watching 0.04 higher than in the Czech Pied, however, with respect on last year of watching, the evolution turns and Holstein cattle show the value of this index for 2015 at the level of 1.85, while the Czech Spotted cattle in the same period a value of 1.96. Age at first calving of Holsteins is lower about 31 days, interval between births (meantime) at the Holsteins is higher about 18 days than in Czech Pied of cattle. Meanwhile it takes 381.39 days, due to the length of the service period. Especially individual productivity indicators clearly demonstrate the correctness of intent, reproductive performance seems to be comparable in both breeds. Orientation of the farm in Jevíčko on milk production confirms the correctness of the choice of breed.

No description available.