The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of husbandry and economy of Suffolk sheep in the selected company.

This work deals with an analysis of breeding cattle in the agricultural cooperative Agra Březnice u Bechyně. Data on milk production and reproduction was obtained from records of performance tests and livestock records. The results of performance and reproduction in the years 2010 to 2012 shows that the monitored breeding achieved when compared to the average population of Czech Pied cattle bred in the Czech Republic, above-average values. The efficiency of milk production in the reporting period increased by an average of 394 kg. Milk composition is at the population level. The fat content was in the period, on average, 0.02% lower and the protein content was about 0.01% lower than the values of the population in the Czech Republic. The reproduction of purebred breeding is used in a closed herd turnover. The reproductive performance achieves significantly less value than the population average length of service period. The other reproductive indicators, with the exception of insemination index reached in the period better values than the average of these values achieved in the Czech Republic. The results showed that the most common reason for withdrawal from dairy herds are problems with disease of the legs and udder disease. These problems need to be addressed in the short term better approach to monitoring and prevention in the long term appears to be the most important completion of a new barn. The breeding value of bulls used in reproduction was satisfactory level.

This work shows that the level of reproduction is influenced primarily by management reproduction. Selected indicators reproductions reached cows of the Holstein breed below-average values u (service period, pregnancy after first insemination and insemination index) to average values (interim) and achieve the goals set out indicators breeding Holstein cattle in lactation. Recommendations for breeders is to improve search říjících the cows. Further improve the diagnosis of pregnancy in cows inseminated. Improve the overall management of the herd reproduction.

The study deals with first telemetry observations of Black-Crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in the Czech Republic. The main aim was to describe post-fledging dispersal abilities and evaluate influence of chosen factors to dispersion of young birds. The study also deals with population trends, variability of reproductive parameters and factors affecting these traits.

The thesis was focused on the reproductive traits of zwartbles breed level evaluation in Novosedly nad Nežárkou, evaluation data were compared with the average values of reproductive traits of zwartbles flocks, included in the performance monitoring of sheep in the Czech Republic, using statistical methods. Simultaneously, there was the effect of factors that might affect reproductive traits of the breed evaluated. 111 ewes were evaluated during the period 2012-2015. The average fertility in the sheeps during the monitoring period amounted to 175,7 % and an average rearing amounted to 88,5 %. There was a significant difference in fertility (p < 0,05) and even highly significant difference in rearing (p < 0,01) among the monitored flock and the flocks in the performance monitoring. The percentage of fertilization and intensity in breeding didn´t achieve satisfactory values, primarily due to the high percentage of futility in sheep in average of 25,5 %. All the reproduction indicators are below the breed average. Lambing number on litter size was evaluated as highly significant (p < 0,01). Ewe age at lambing was assessed as a highly significant influence exerted on fertility (p < 0,01). Influence paternal lines of ewes on their fertility was not statistically demonstrated (p 0,05).

The object of the study was to compare the results of insemination of dairy cows by using type of insemination dose, convertional or sexed. The hypothesis is an assumption of higher level of heifers conception rate after insemination by convertional dose than by using a sexed dose. The evaluation was conducted on the farm ZEAS Podorlicko a.s in the period from June 25th, 2013 to November 2nd, 2015 and there were monitored 998 heifers. Data for the evaluation were processed from the farm records and was created a database of heifers conception rate due to the type of insemination doses. For the statistical processing was used software SAS 9.3. In the group of heifers was observed influence month, year, the rank of the insemination and type of insemination dose on the age of first insemination and its result. At the level of significance (P < 0,001) was observed negative effect of insemination on age of first insemination (r = -0,195). It was also proved, that year of insemination has effect on result of conception rate (r = 0,068) and the result insemination had a positive effect on age at first insemination. These two phenomena were detected at the level of significance (P <0.05). Therefore, it was achieved a better level of conception rate in 2015 than in previous years (2013 and 2014) and also was demonstrated higher levels of successful conception rates with increasing age of heifers at first insemination. Based on statistical significance (P <0.001) I found that level of heifers conception rate was higher after convertional insemination dose (65.69%) than sexed dose (37.28%). There was also a statistically significant difference between the month of insemination and its result. On the other side, there was no statistically significant effect of rank of insemination on its result. According to those results the hypothesis, that there si higher level of conception rate by using convertional insemination dose, can be confirmed. The findings show us, that it is necessary to focus on reproduction in various parts of the year, especially in September, October, November and December, where the conception rate was lowest.

The diploma thesis dealt with the analysis, and evaluation of dairy performance and its correlation with reproductive rates of Holstein cattle. Milk cows which were kept in Měcholupy agricultural, Inc., Předslav were analyzed between 2013 - 2015. Th ecompany is located in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest (Šumava). It breeds cattle for milk as well as meat, and pigs. The company management is committed to achieve good levels of milk production. It pays constant attention to this issue, so the average performance has risen since 2013 from 8 726 kilograms of milk to 9 093 kg of milk per cow in 2015. Cows on the 4th and higher lactation reached the highest performance in 2015 9 649 kg of milk. As for the European Union who abolished milk quotas in 2015 and the situation on the milk market is still complicated by banning exports of milk powder to Russia (Russian annexation of the Crimea), the management´s effort has been to produce milk at the lowest possible cost. They keep trying to limit culling as much as possible, so that they solve the problem of mastitis and reproduction at the highest level. Each cow which is treated has an individual approach, as well as the animal husbandry has specific requirements for animal breeding company in terms of quality seed. The results showed that milk cows with other health problems were eliminated the most (38.6% per year from 2013 to 2015) and also the ones with metabolism disorders and problems with hooves. The mastitis issue is dealt with very effectively, so that it is not one of the major problems of the herd (7.24 % for 2013 -2015). Management seeks to eliminate the problem milk cow in the lowest age and conversely on contrary if the animal is healthy, they try to keep it in the herd as long as possible, because such an animal has the greatest economic effect. Reproductive rateis not too satisfactory, but the management has no interest in hormonal control of reproduction. Active search of rutting cows is preferred by nursing staff. They cooperate actively with animal breeders and require a delivery of the insemination doses according to their requirements for each for each cow

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of reproductive performance of the Wallachian sheep in the flock of sheep bred by Jan Vejčík. At first the following parameters were evaluated in 457 ewes during the period 2007 - 2011: fertilization, fertility, reproduction intensity, total rearing, infertility, rearing of lambs born and total mortality of lambs. Then, using statistical methods, frequency of litters and effect of age on fertility of ewes were evaluated and the identified parametres were compared with the flocks originating from the Union of sheep and goats of the Czech Republic. Finally, the economy sales for slaughter lambs depending on fertility was assessed. The mean fertility of the flock of sheep reached 171, 77 % and the percentage of fertilization was 92, 54 %. Total breeding flock was 143, 19 %. Seven percent of the sheep was infertile, which is directly influenced by the intensity of reproduction (158,93 %). Mortality of lambs was 10, 03 % and thus survival rate of lambs was 89,97 %. The study shows that the longer the period of existence of a farm is, the higher the fertility of ewes is (almost 179 % in 2011). Also an increasing tendency of the number of sheep twins was recorded during the study (59 twins in 2011). This indicates good welfare of the animals and generally good health of the flock. Ewes reached the highest fertility at the age of 5 to 7 years. The indicators of fertility, reproduction and total intensity of rearing showed significant differences when compared with the flocks originating from the Union of sheep and goats of the Czech Republic. Significantly higher fertility, reproduction and overall intensity was achieved in the monitored flock The difference was not statistically significant (p > 0,05) except for the fertilization parameter. Sales for slaughter lambs per ewe were affected by the share of reactive sheep and total lamb mortality, this effect was, however, only about 20 % of the total dependency. Disregarding the overall mortality of lambs and reactive sheep, it would be true that higher fertility is in direct proportion with sales for slaughter lambs.

Pond and intensive aquaculture of percids relies mainly on juveniles supplied by semi-artificial and artificial reproduction. Fish hatcheries do not always provide optimal conditions for percid reproduction. This project was undertaken to optimize reproduction methods of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.). Reproduction parameters were compared in farmed and pond-reared perch broodstock without hormone treatment. Spawning was successful without hormone induction at 92.3% and 76.9% in farmed and pond-reared perch, respectively. Significant differences in morphological characteristics (gonadosomatic, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices), fecundity, hatching, and post-spawning mortality were detected. All results, with the exception of spawning success and post-spawning mortality, were superior in pond reared broodstock. Further studies are required to optimize protocols for using better artificial food in farmed perch and decreased stress and post-spawning mortalities in pond reared perch broodstock. The possibilities of using clove oil, Propiscin, or 2-phenoxyethanol as an alternative to tricaine methane sulphonate (MS222) as anaesthetic, particularly with respect to reducing fish stress, were investigated. The haematological and biochemical profiles of pikeperch anaesthetized with clove oil (33 mg l?1), Propiscin (1.5 ml l?1), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.3 ml l?1), and MS222 (150 mg l?1) were determined. Each tested group was divided into two subgroups; the first subgroup was sampled 10 min after application and the second 24 h post-application. Clove oil was shown to be associated with the lowest effects in pikeperch, and therefore could be recommended as an alternative to MS222, while Propiscin and 2-phenoxyethanol were shown to be unsuitable for use with pikeperch. In Eurasian perch the use of semi-artificial reproduction for mass production of embryos was shown to be simpler and more effective. With mass incubation, 1 134 000 embryos (59% of total production) were obtained with a semi-artificial spawning regime and 796 000 embryos (41% of total production) with artificial spawning. Based on these results, we can recommend the semi-artificial spawning for production of perch embryos. Differing doses of two commonly used hormone preparations: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and mammalian GnRHa (Supergestran) were tested for induction of ovulation in pikeperch. A broad range of effective doses is used in aquaculture of pikeperch. The minimal effective dose based on ovulation success is still missing. Hormone therapy applied to excess can result a detrimental impacts on broodstock fecundity and quality of eggs. Results indicated that a single injection of hCG or Supergestran could be used for successful ovulation, while no spawning was observed in a control group treated by saline solution. Among hormone treated groups, the best results were observed in groups treated with hCG at 500 and 750 IU kg-1 BW and in groups treated with mGnRHa at 25 ?g kg-1 BW. The sperm of pikeperch and Eurasian perch show similar morphology and fine structure, with the exception of differences in arrangement of midpiece and centrioles and the presence of a fin-like structure on the flagellum in pikeperch. Our results suggest use of an activation medium containing Ca2+ for activation of short-term stored sperm. Efficacy of five concentrations of Alcalase enzyme for elimination of egg stickiness compared to a milk/talc suspension was determined. Results indicated that 0.5-2.0 ml l-1 of Alcalase for 2 min may increase pikeperch egg hatching success (80-85%) compared to the milk-talc suspension. The highest hatching rate (85.4%) was observed with 1.5 ml l-1 of Alcalase. The application of Alcalase successfully eliminated pikeperch egg stickiness in 2 min compared to 60 min with traditional milk/clay/talc methods.

One of the basic conditions for achieving a positive production and meeting economic objectives in cattle breeding is their high and regular reproductive performance. Amongst the most significant factors influencing cattle fertility is the health state of heifers. To breed cattle successfully, it is essential to ensure that their feet are in a good condition, in particular hoofs. Diseased feet lead to the reduction of cattle performance and affect their welfare which results in a negative impact on cattle fertility. This thesis is concerned with the influence of cattle lameness on reproductive indicators of cows. For the purpose of the research, a group of cows from ZD Pluhuv Zdar including 843 dairy cows of the Holstein breed and Czech Simmental breed was studied. Equally, all cows originated from two different types of stabling. The following information were checked about each cow: the identification number, stabling number, breed, age, date of calving, order of lactation, performance, interim period, service period, insemination interval, insemination index and any relevant hoof problems. The impact of hoof problems on reproductive indicators that depended on the order of lactation and breed were analysed in the program Statistica using two-factor anova. It was observed that there existed a significant influence of hoof disease on each reproduction indicator. Dairy cows on the 3rd and higher level of lactation showed an evident difference in the length of the interim period. It was found that healthy dairy cows without any hoof disease had on average 385 day long interim period, whereas dairy cows with hoof problems had 398 day long interim period. It is apparent that the interim period was lengthened by 13 days in dairy cows with lameness. In addition, the values for service period and insemination index increased in the group with cattle lameness (by 17 days and the value of 3.17). In the case of insemination interval values, the difference between healthy and diseased cows was the least apparent. Furthermore, it was proven that the combination of infectious and non-infectious diseases have the greatest impact on reproduction indicators that seem to increase their value as a result. This causes a great deal of stress to an organism of an animal. When comparing reproduction indicators between breeds, it was noticeable that there was an influence on the cross breeding and how strained the Holstein breed was. The average length of interim period was 8 days longer in the Holstein breed group than Czech Simmental cattle. Furthermore, the length of the service period was 5 days longer in the Holstein cattle group. From the data, it can be concluded that any hoof disease in herds should not be neglected and stock breeders should pay increased attention to hoof problems since it could pose a risk on the whole stock breeding economics. A stock breeder should focus on the regular and careful trimming, washing and treatment of hoofs. In addition, attention should be paid to stabling and how comfortable it is for dairy cows, as well as the quality and complexity of feeding portions that are served.