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M.A. / Organizations become increasingly dependant on information. We live in an era called the information age, where there is an overwhelming amount of information and information resources available. Internal and external information is vital for the survival and success of the organization. Information is not static. It flows from one point to another and in the process value is added to the information. Sharing of information is crucial for managing an organization. Information management is therefore an important factor to optimize usage of information. In order to supply the right person with the right information in the right format, information systems should be replenished by human ability. This system is designed to support the employee in his work and to lead management in their decision making. Resources are managed according to certain rules. Information can be managed by means of an information policy or -strategy. Because the information strategy is more detailed than the information policy, this study considers the advantages and development of an information strategy for an enterprise. The above-mentioned will be applied to education as it is today. In this respect it is vital to keep in mind that education is involved in the education and forming of learners. Information and standardization is of the utmost importance to the professional educators involved in this process. For the educators, parents, administrative staff and learners to make decisions, the information must reach them in time. In the second half of this citation, an empirical study was conducted to determine the status of the information flow in the education department. Knowledge of the following were tested: information management, the current practice of information flow, the participants, and the response on required information. Appointments with selected participants were made by telephone and information were gathered by questionnaire. The information was then analyzed and interpreted according to the principles of the grounded theory. In spite of the fact that information management is an unmistakable part of an enterprise, there are no standing principles for the dissemination of information within the education department. There is an urgent need for the management of information in order to better the information flow in the education department. It is suggested that the enterprise should implement an information management plan as soon as possible, and attend to the information flow within the education department. Information must be supplied to the persons involved in the desired format and on the required time, for the education department to be informed.

Fisheries are among the most complex and tightly coupled social-ecological systems. This thesis develops new perspectives on the spatial features of fisheries, and on common pool resources in general. The central model of the work is the Distributed Commons, a commons spread across space with local and cross-boundary interactions. The model is founded in evidence from historical analysis and complexity theory, and offers insights for management and broader sustainable development policy. The second part of the thesis uses empirical analysis, applying Bayesian and econometric techniques, to study the spatial features exposed by the model. Finally, a computational model is calibrated for exploring the consequences of this theory through experiments. The implications of the Distributed Commons model are relevant to many areas of sustainable development, including atmospheric pollution, environmental degradation, and the use of ecosystem resources.

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Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Field problem. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 2002. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 203 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)(Information Technology)--University of Pretoria, 2001.

This thesis comprises three essays on the management of nonrenewable resources. Pollution is often associated with the use of nonrenewable resources. Indeed, many of today's most pressing environmental problems are caused by these types of activities. Despite the connection between nonrenewable resource use and environmental degradation, the two issues have been, for the most part, analysed separately by economists. The first paper develops a framework to analyse the effects of a pure-flow externality on the competitive allocation of nonrenewable resources. For commonly- used specifications of consumer preferences, the competitive allocation is found to be fully optimal for pure-flow externalities exhibiting decreasing marginal disutility. Hence, the paper shows that the presence of a negative externality associated with the use or extraction of a nonrenewable resource need not result in inefficiency. The US 1990 Oil Pollution Act is the most significant attempt yet made by a nation to deal with pollution of its territorial waters. It significantly altered the rights and obli gations of tanker owners operating in US waters, effectively introducing unlimited liability and significantly expanding the definition of spill damages. The second paper analyses the effect of the Act on major pelagic oil spills occurring world wide. The hypothesis that the Act had a negligible effect on the number of spills occurring in North America's coastal waters is tested empirically. The results indicate that the Act significantly reduced the number of spills occurring in North American coastal waters and has had no discernible effect on spill frequencies elsewhere. There is a keen and growing interest in the properties of vertical relationships governing the pricing and transfer of intermediate goods. The third paper examines an unusual and commercially-important vertical relationship — the price participation system —which is used extensively in the zinc industry. The paper explores the conjecture that significant demand uncertainty and risk aversion on the part of zinc smelters might explain why the industry uses the price participation system rather than a more conventional contractual arrangement. The results indicate that these factors do go part way toward explaining why the industry uses the price participation system.

Marine spatial property rights reduce many common pool externalities that plague wild capture fisheries and incentivize productive use for aquaculture. Specifically, Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURFs) are a management tool whereby individuals or groups are granted exclusive access to harvest resources within an area, and are the prevailing management of coastal fisheries in Chile. Additionally, secured spatial property rights appear inherently obligatory for aquaculture development; i.e., private leases in Virginia, where submerged grounds granted to an individual or a company for oyster production are considered a form of TURF. Although the number and extent of spatially managed areas are the highest they have ever been in both systems, the impacts of spatial property rights on fisheries and aquaculture sustainability are still not fully understood. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate current challenges to the effective use of TURFs, deepening our understanding of their efficacy for fishery and aquaculture management. The long-term impacts of the Chilean TURFs network on harvests of benthic resources was investigated both inside and outside TURFs (Chapter 2). Although catch rates were significantly higher inside TURFs than surrounding open access areas, they appeared to be decreasing over time, and, though limited, the impact of TURFs on catches in open access areas was negative. Spatio-temporal trends in private lease use and productivity in Virginia were examined to identify challenges faced by the oyster aquaculture industry. Constraints to aquaculture expansion were investigated by evaluating whether a lack of space limits aquaculture development as well as the extent and drivers of lease non-use (Chapter 3). Limited evidence of spatial constraints was found, although results suggest additional social and regulatory limiting factors. While rates of lease use and productivity increased from 2006 to 2016, only 33% of leases were ever used for oyster production. The non-used leases were potentially held for exclusionary or speculative uses. Additionally, Virginia had the second lowest levels of total production of cultured oysters per leased acre among the states along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts, confirming significant limitations associated with the current leasing system. Production frontier models were used to quantify lease use efficiency (i.e., utilization of space given the underlying environment) for oyster production (Chapter 4). Significant amounts of inefficiency in intensive aquaculture practices suggest that production could increase by at least 64% per lease, on average (though high heterogeneity is observed between leases). Low levels of use efficiency (i.e., underutilization) imply that leaseholders tend to lease more area than needed, likely due to the low annual lease costs and the absence of enforced production requirements. The number of leases held per leaseholder increased use efficiency, whereas leases in more populated areas were less efficiently used. This research contributes to a better understanding of TURF's efficacy and challenges in Chile and in Virginia. Overall, socioeconomic and management factors appear to be limiting productivity and sustainability of TURFs in both systems, recognizing the importance of incentives, enforcement, zoning, and the potential presence of trade-offs between economic, social and biological sustainability.