Orientador: Luiz Eduardo Barreto Martins / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T08:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourenco_ThiagoFernando_M.pdf: 1713436 bytes, checksum: d718517b4524a25dc81ced71623cc066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) é considerado medida padrão de potência aeróbica e desempenho físico, por integrar os sistemas nervoso, cardiopulmonar e metabólico e foi considerado fator determinante para o desempenho de corredores devido as boas correlações encontradas em corridas de 10 a 90 km. Além dele, parâmetros submáximos relacionados ao teste de esforço máximo como limiar ventilatório (LV) e ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) são usados para a prescrição de intensidades de exercício. Durante a década de 80 inúmeros trabalhos sugeriram que a velocidade de corrida referente ao LV (vLV) seria um bom indicador da capacidade de realizar esforços de longa duração. No entanto, recentes achados relacionando a velocidade entre LV e PCR contradizem tais afirmações. Além disso, poucos trabalhos na literatura buscaram investigar a possível correlação entre a velocidade de corrida referente ao PCR (vPCR) e corrida de 10km. Já que a determinação das vLV, vPCR e vVO2max parecem ser importantes na determinação de desempenho e prescrição de treinamento, os protocolos de esforço máximo aplicados nessa população deveriam se aproximar das condições reais de treinamento e competições desses atletas, bem como determinar claramente tais parâmetros. No entanto, protocolos clássicos ainda são utilizados, devido à tradição e familiaridade dos avaliadores, sem a preocupação do embasamento metabólico e estatístico. Essa escassez de protocolos acaba por dificultar a aplicação prática dos dados obtidos e a determinação do desempenho de corredores. Nesse sentido, buscamos neste trabalho i) propor e verificar a reprodutibilidade de um protocolo incremental em esteira ergométrica específico para corredores e ii) investigar possível relação entre vPCR e desempenho na corrida de 10km (v10km) dessa população. Primeiramente, foram avaliados onze corredores amadores, os quais foram submetidos a quatro repetições do protocolo proposto: estágios de 25 segundos, com incrementos de 0.3 kmoh?1 na velocidade de corrida e inclinação fixa da esteira em 1%. Não encontramos diferenças significativas em nenhum parâmetro analisado no LV, PCR e VO2max (p>0.05). Todos os resultados mostraram alta reprodutibilidade (CV<9.1%) e valores de erro típico (TE) encontrados para vVT (TE = 0.62 km o h?1), vPCR (TE = 0.35 km o h-1) e vVO2max (TE = 0.43 km o h?1) indicaram alta sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade do protocolo. Posteriormente, vinte corredores realizaram uma simulação de prova de 10km em pista de atletismo e, após 72h, um teste de esforço máximo em esteira ergométrica para a determinação dos parâmetros máximos e submáximos. Valores de v10km foram significativamente superiores aos de vLV e inferiores aos de vVO2max (p>0.05). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre v10km e vPCR (p<0.05). Fortes correlações entre v10km e vLV (r = 0.92; R2 = 0.84) e vVO2max (r = 0.93; R2 = 0.86) foram encontradas. Sendo a maior delas observada entre vPCR e v10km (r = 0.96; R2 = 0.92). Esses resultados indicam que o protocolo de esforço máximo sugerido aqui é possivelmente capaz de avaliar pequenos efeitos do treinamento nos parâmetros máximos e submáximos, além mostrar a vPCR como um parâmetro interessante na predição de desempenho para corredores de 10km. / Abstract: The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is considered a standard measure of aerobic capacity and physical performance for integrating the nervous systems, cardiopulmonary and metabolic and was considered a decisive factor for runners due good correlations found in run from 10 to 90 km. Besides him, sub maximal parameters related to the maximum effort test as ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) are used for prescription of exercise intensities. During eighties, countless works suggested that the race speed regarding VT (sVT) would be good indicators of the capacity to accomplish long duration efforts. However, recent discoveries relating the speed between VT and RCP contradict such statements. Besides, few works in the literature looked for to investigate the possible correlation among the race speed regarding RCP (sRCP) and race of 10km. Since the determination of the sVT, sRCP and sVO2max seem to be important in the acting determination and training prescription, the protocols of maximum effort applied in runners would approximate of the real training conditions and those athletes' competitions, as well as to determine such parameters clearly. However, classic protocols are still used, due to the tradition and the appraisers' familiarity, without the concern of the metabolic and statistical concepts. That shortage of protocols used for runners hinders the practical application of obtained data and determination of their performance. In that sense, we looked for in this work i) to propose and verify the reproducibility of an incremental protocol in treadmill specific for runners and ii) investigate possible relationship between sRCP and the average running speed in a 10km race (s10km). Firstly, were appraised eleven amateur runners, which were submitted to four repetitions of proposed protocol: stage durations of 25 seconds, with increments of 0.3km·h-1 in the race speed and treadmill inclination stayed fixed in 1%. We didn't find significant differences in any parameter analyzed in VT, RCP and VO2max (p>0.05). All the results showed high reproducibility (CV <9.1%) and values of typical error (TE) found for sVT (TE = 0.62 km ·h-1), vPCR (TE = 0.35 km ·h-1) and sVO2max (TE = 0.43 km · h-1) indicated high protocol's sensibility and reproducibility. Later, nineteen runners accomplished a 10km race simulation in an outdoor track and, after 72 hours, a maximum effort test in a treadmill for the determination of the maximum and sub maximal parameters. v10km values were superiors significantly to the sVT and inferior to the vVO2max (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between v10km and sRCP (p <0.05). Strong correlations between v10km and sVT (r = 0.92; R2 = 0.84) and vVO2max (r = 0.93; R2 = 0.86) were found. Being the largest observed between sRCP and v10km (r = 0.96; R2 = 0.92). Those results indicate that maximum effort protocol suggested here is possibly capable to evaluate small effects during the training process in the maximum and sub maximal parameters, beyond to show the sRCP as an interesting parameter in the prediction of runner's performance in 10km races. / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

Purpose: To examine the effects of 28 days of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and time to exhaustion (Tmax) in collegeaged men and women. Methods: Healthy men and women (n=34, age and VO2peak= 22.7+3.1yr and 39.3+5.0 mL. kg-1.min-1, respectively) participated in this study. All participants completed a series of tests prior and subsequent to treatment. A maximal oxygen consumption test was performed on a cycle ergometer to assess VO2peak, Tmax, VT, and RCP. The peak power output (Ppeak), power at VT (PVT) and power at RCP (PRCP) were also recorded from this test. Twenty-six subjects completed 12 HIIT (80-120% maximal workload) exercise sessions consisting of 5-6 bouts of a 2:1 minute cycling work to rest ratio protocol over a four-week period, while eight served as controls (CTL). In double-blind fashion, the HIIT groups were assigned into either a placebo (HIIT) or 3g per day of HMB (HMB-HIIT). Body composition was measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Outcomes were assessed by ANCOVA with posttest means adjusted for pretest differences. Results: The HMB-HIIT intervention showed significant (p & lt 0.05) gains in VO2peak, VT, and PVT versus the CTL and HIIT group. Both HIIT and HMB-HIIT treatment groups demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) improvement over CTL for Ppeak, Tmax, RCP, and PRCP with no significant difference between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences observed for any measures of body composition. An independent-samples t-test confirmed that there were no significant differences between the training volumes for the HIIT and HMB-HIIT groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the addition of HMB supplementation may result in greater changes in VO2peak and VT than HIIT alone. Therefore, in college-aged men and women, the use of HMB supplementation may enhance the benefits of HIIT on aerobic performance measures.