Watu wa pwani ya Afrika Mashariki wanaojumuisha vikundi vingi wana historia ndefu ya mitagusano na makundi mengine yakiwemo ya bara na wageni kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za ulimwengu. Mitagusano hiyo ya wapwani na wengine pamoja na athari zake ni mojawapo ya maudhui makuu ambayo Rocha Chimerah anashughulikia katika kazi zake zote. Makala hii inachanganua maudhui na vipengele vya fani vya kazi za mwandishi huyu ili kubainisha jinsi anavyoshughulikia suala lililotajwa hapo juu. Katika kufanya hivyo, makala inatathmini uhalisi wa kijamii na kihistoria unavyowakilishwa na kazi za Chimerah. Japo kazi zote za Chimerah zitarejelewa, zile za karibuni zaidi zitapewa kipaumbele.

Makala haya yanaangazia uhakiki wa usimulizi, mazingira, onomastiki ya wahusika na maudhui katika riwaya ya Paradiso (2005) ya John Habwe kwa kuzingatia madhumuni na kanuni za nadharia ya uhalisia wa kifasihi. Yanaonesha jinsi nadharia ya uhalisia ama uhalisiamamboleo wa kifasihi inavyoafikiana na dhamira ya riwaya ya kukosoa maovu yanayotendeka katika asasi za kidini za Kikristo katika jamii ya leo. Uhakiki huu unadhihirisha yafuatayo: usimulizi wa nafsi ya tatu; upana wa maudhui ya kukosoa matatizo ya kijamii mbali na maudhui makuu ya kukosoa unafiki wa viongozi na waumini wa kanisa; mazingira yenye majina halisi; na uteuzi wa majina ya wahusika kwa kuzingatia vipengele anuwai vya onomastiki. Yote haya yanachangia kuiainisha Paradiso kama riwaya changamano ya uhalisia wa kifasihi. / This article analyses narration, setting, onomastics of characters and themes in the novel Paradiso (2005) by John Habwe by considering the objectives and tenets of the theory of literary realism. It shows how the style of literary realism or neo-realism concurs with the overarching theme and concern of the novel of criticizing misdeeds in religious institutions of the Christian faith in contemporary society. This nterpretation sheds light on the following aspects: third person point of view; a wide thematic array of social critique apart from the main theme of criticising the hypocrisy of leaders and followers of the church; a setting consisting of real-life names; and a diverse choice of characters’ names according to different aspects of onomastics. All these aspects contribute to the classification of Paradiso as a sophisticated novel of literary realism.

Lugha ni nyenzo muhimu katika mchakato wa mawasiliano, hali inayoifanya nyenzo hii kuweza kuchanganuliwa kwa njia mbalimbali. Katika jitihada za kuichunguza na kuichanganua lugha, imebainika kwamba kuna uhusiano wa ufaano kati ya miundo ya lugha na dhima yake. Huu ndio uhusiano ambao hutumiwa na wasanii kifasihi kuunganisha mifumo ya lugha inayotumika katika matini na kuafikia ruwaza zao. Hali hii inatokana na uwezo wa kufulikana kwa lugha kama chombo cha mawasiliano ambao pia unaipa lugha uwezo wa kusukwa tofauti kwa mujibu wa dhima tofauti na hivyo basi kuendeleza grafolojia. Grafolojia ni mojawapo ya viwango vya uchanganuzi wa kiisimu kimtindo. Hata hivyo, umuhimu na nafasi ya grafolojia kama kiwango cha uchanganuzi wa matini hudhihirika katika umitindo na mbinu mseto. Kwa hali hiyo, watalaam wengi wakiwemo Halliday, McIntosh na Strevens (1964) wamefanya utafiti kuhusu jinsi mchepuko wa kigrafolojia unavyoathiri ufasiri kimaana na kuzalisha athari zingine za kiujumi katika matini. Miongoni mwa vipengele vya kigrafolojia ambavyo wamevitaja kwamba vinaibua athari tofauti katika matini ni viakifishi. Ingawa uandishi wowote, uwe wa jadi au wa leo unahitaji kuzingatia matumizi mema ya viakifishi, hivi leo kumeshuhudiwa ukiukaji wa matumizi ya vipengele hivi katika shughuli za kijamii. Ni kwa ajili hii ndiposa makala haya yameandaliwa yakilenga kuchanganua aina mbalimbali za viakifishi, herufi kubwa na mchango wa alama hizi katika uimarishaji wa mawasiliano katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Aidha makala haya yametayarishwa kwa kuchanganua yaliyomo katika riwaya ya kisasa ya Mkamandume (2013) huku nadharia ya Sarufi Amilifu Mfumo (SAM) iliyoasisiwa na Halliday ikiongoza utafiti huu. / Language is an important tool in communication. In an effort to explore and analyze language, it has been observed that there is a correlation between language structures and stylistic choices. Also used by literary artists who integrate these principles of in their text, graphology is one of the standards of linguistic analysis in style. However, its importance and place as a standard for textual analysis is manifested in a variety of styles and techniques. In this context, many scholars including Halliday, McIntosh and Stevens (1964) have done research on how grammatical “abnormalities' affect interpretation and produce other metaphorical effects in texts. This article aims at analyzing the different types of signs and conventions, abbreviations, practices of capitalization and the contribution of these symbols in strengthening communication in Swahili. In addition, this article uses the content of the novel Mkamandume (2013) and refers back to the basics of 'Sarufi Amilifu Mfumo' (SAM) developed by Halliday.