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An evaluation of the reliability of borehole core data in engineering rock mass classification systemsCameron-Clarke, Ian Stuart 13 January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Classification of rock masses based on fuzzy set theoryBhattacharyya, Kakali. January 2003 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Earth Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Excavating through the kalahari group rock masses: practical experience from a small-scale shaft sinking projectMateveke, Raymond, Mateveke, Raymond January 2019 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering / Tunnelling projects in the weak Kalahari rock masses of the Northern Cape, South Africa present significant design challenges for both large and small-scale excavations. Most of the design of tunnelling and support carried out at present in the Kalahari is based on experience, analytical and empirical methods. The approach typically makes use of limited geotechnical information from the project site.The Kalahari basin is a complex geotechnical environment. Tunnelling projects are sensitive to the
variable ground and groundwater conditions. A detailed site investigation to establish the geological and geotechnical model is critical in the selection of the appropriate excavation method and tunnel design. A review of early tunnelling projects revealed that in situ stresses and water infiltration is a long-term stability concern for inadequately lined tunnels through the red clay and weathered rock masses.This project explores the use of numerical modelling to predict the expected failure modes of the weak rock masses, with emphasis placed on concrete liner support for maintaining stability. The support models are analysed using 2D numerical models to determine the Factor of Safety of the liner. A support design criterion for reinforced and unreinforced concrete is introduced and appliedto the models to evaluate the lining thickness. The effect of using 2D plane strain models instead of3D analysis was also investigated. The total displacement of numerical models built in RS2 wascompared to RS3 models. / NG (2020)
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Application of rock mass classification and blastability index for the improvement of wall control at Phoenix MineSegaetsho, Gomotsegang Seth Kealeboga January 2017 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering.
Johannesburg, 2017 / The study sought to establish the applicability of rock mass classification as a primary input to wall control blasting. Conventional rules of thumb are used to develop blast designs based on parametric ratios with insufficient consideration of the rock mass factors that influence the achievability of final wall designs. Control of the western highwall of the Phoenix pit had proven to be challenging in that the designed catchment berms and wall competence were perpetually unachievable from the pit crest to the current mining levels. This exposed the mining operation to safety hazards such as local wall rock failure from damaged crests, frozen toes and rolling rock falls from higher mining levels. There was also an effect of increased standoff distances from the concerned highwall which reduce the available manoeuvring area on the pit floor and subsequently the factor of extraction that is safely achievable. The study investigated the application of rock mass classification and the Blastability Index (BI) as a means to improve wall control. This was achieved by establishing zones according to rock type forming the western highwall rock mass wherein distinguishing rock mass classification factors were used to establish the suitable wall control designs through a Design Input Tool (DIT). The DIT consolidated rock mass classification methodologies such as the Geological Strength Index (GSI) and the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and related them to the BI and discontinuities of the rock mass to produce a tool that can be used to develop objective wall control designs. The designs driven by the tool inherently take into account the rock mass characteristic factors at the centre of rock mass classification methods and significantly reduce the dependence on rule of thumb. It was found that this approach yields designs with powder factors that are consistent with the rock breaking effort and the behaviour of discontinuities while remaining biased towards preservation of perimeter wall rock. / MT 2017
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Comparison of rock mass classification systems: Mt. Axell Tunnel, Gunnison County, ColoradoStewart, Daniel R., Stewart, Daniel R. January 1981 (has links)
No description available.
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Caracterização e classificação de maciços rochosos da mina de Volta Grande, Nazareno, Minas Gerais / Rock mass classification applied to Volta Grande underground mine site, Nazareno, Minas GeraisJaques, Daniel Silva 24 October 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Rock mass classification is a important procedure for the analysis of the mechanical behavior of a rock and its discontinuities, under the several applications on engineering projects such as, for example, underground mining. The present study has the aim of perform a geomechanical classification of the rock masses occurring under surface at Volta Grande mine, located in Nazareno, Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil, in order to evaluate the technical feasibility of development of an underground mine. Currently Volta Grande mine operates only an open pit mine for Tantalum in a pegmatitic body. Because its high waste-ore ratio both operational and commercial feasibility can become impracticable, as this ratio is expected to increase with open pit depth. All data necessary to classify the underground rock mass by using the two most widespread classification systems RMR and Q were collected to accomplish the proposed goals. Data were collected in 28 boreholes located on geological cross-sections, spread all over the area, previously selected in order to allow an adequate geological and geomechanical characterization of the study area for the initial underground proposed depth (150m). Sampling was done both for different rock and weathering grades types, in a quantity sufficient to perform all physical, point load, compressive strength, triaxial and wave velocity propagation tests. All tests were performed according to International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) 2007 methods. Results were compared with similar rock- types results from the literature in order to evaluate its applicability. Results shows that both classification systems are in accordance with rock masses from superficial field observations. Nevertheless, it was observed that Q system was much more sensitive then RMR system, resulting in a higher number of rock mass classes. This higher sensitivity results mainly from RQD, Jn, Ja and Jr parameters, resulting in a very compartmentalized rock mass, considered not feasible for design purposes. Based on that assumption, RMR system is more recommended for using during feasibility studies as it encompasses several thin different class layers, resulting in a more applicable and handle system. It must be highlighted that the present study results are for feasibility studies only and cannot be applied for executive purposes, as much more quantity of data would be necessary. The final result points to a technical feasibility of underground mining, resulting in an increase of mine lifetime, reduction of waste-ore ratio, and provision of important initial mechanical information for excavation and support studies. / A classificação de maciços rochosos é um procedimento importante para a análise do comportamento mecânico das rochas e suas descontinuidades frente às solicitações que lhes serão impostas em decorrência de projetos de engenharia como, por exemplo, os de minas subterrâneas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a classificação geomecânica dos maciços rochosos da mina de Volta Grande, Nazareno-MG, Brasil, em profundidade, visando a avaliação da viabilidade técnica de implantação de lavra subterrânea. Atualmente, a mina opera a céu aberto a lavra de um corpo Pegmatítico intrusivo, em Anfibolito como rocha encaixante, para obtenção de Tântalo, que é um produto de alto valor agregado. A retirada do Pegmatito através de lavra a céu aberto pode se tornar inviável operacional e economicamente, pois o corpo do minério possui um mergulho de 20 graus para Sudeste, resultando em um aumento significativo da relação estéril-minério com o aumento da profundidade da cava. Para a realização do estudo foram coletados dados necessários à classificação dos maciços existentes em profundidade pelos dois métodos mais difundidos no mundo inteiro para este propósito - o sistema RMR e o sistema Q. A aplicação destes métodos demandou a caracterização geológico-geotécnica da área de estudo por meio da interpretação de testemunhos de sondagem obtidos em 28 furos, cuja distribuição espacial está relacionada à mRock mass classification applied to Volta Grande underground mine site, Nazareno, Minas Geraisalha de seções geológicas selecionadas previamente ao início do trabalho de campo, de maneira a permitir uma adequada caracterização da geologia e da geomecânica em profundidade para a área de estudo. A coleta de dados foi sistematizada fazendo-se o uso de uma planilha específica para obtenção dos parâmetros de classificação. Foram realizadas amostragens em testemunhos de sondagem, por litotipos e graus de alteração, em quantidade suficiente para a realização dos ensaios de caracterização física, de determinação da resistência à compressão puntiforme, compressão uniaxial, compressão triaxial e determinação da velocidade de propagação de ondas, todos realizados de acordo com as metodologias sugeridas pela International Society for Rock Mechanics ISRM. Os resultados destes ensaios foram comparados com os resultados de trabalhos semelhantes encontrados na literatura, a fim de se avaliar sua aplicabilidade. Os resultados da classificação geomecânica mostram que ambos os sistemas representam muito bem os maciços da mina de Volta Grande. No entanto, percebeu-se que o sistema Q é muito mais sensível em relação ao sistema RMR, principalmente nas mudanças de litologia, e essa sensibilidade aumentada para os parâmetros RQD, J n , J r e J a se traduz em resultados que, em alguns intervalos analisados, não se traduzem em ganho significativo em relação à condição geral observada para os maciços. Por isso, recomenda-se a utilização do sistema RMR em detrimento do sistema Q no intuito de diminuir a subdivisão do maciço em pequenas faixas com classes diferentes aumentando a segurança nas decisões uma vez que os resultados do sistema RMR permitiram a individualização, para a maioria dos intervalos, de uma menor subdivisão em faixas com pouca espessura, sendo considerado, por este motivo, o modelo geomecânico mais coerente para etapa de estudos de viabilidade técnica de uma lavra subterrânea. Ressalta- se que as classes de maciço foram definidas em etapa de projeto de viabilidade, não sendo, portanto, sugerida sua utilização na fase de projeto executivo, para o que se necessitaria de uma maior quantidade de dados. Do ponto de vista geotécnico o modelo final da classificação geomecânica dos maciços da mina de Volta Grande demonstra a viabilidade do início de uma lavra subterrânea, o que resultaria em aumento da vida útil da mina e diminuição da geração de estéril; além de fornecer informações iniciais para se inferir sobre tempo de auto-sustentação e tipos de contenção, se necessário, para um possível projeto de lavra subterrânea.
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