Syftet med denna studie var att studera förskollärares förhållningssätt och syn på måltidspedagogik i förskolans vardag. Studien tar upp olika erfarenheter som tyder på omedveten kunskap kring ämnet.Studien genomfördes via semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem stycken för-skollärare ifrån en mindre stad och som var verksamma på både landsbygden och inom tätorten. Deltagarna hade varit verksamma inom Förskolan mellan 23-35 år.Resultaten presenteras baserat på studiens tre frågeställningar och visar att måltiden är den stund på dagen där man samtalar om vardagliga ting samtidigt som pedagogiska aspekter spelar in. Deltagarna menar också att förhållningssätt är a och o men att måltidspedagogik var både något nytt och outforskat. Trots det tyder flera svar på att en inre kunskap kring hur måltidspedagogik genomförs i den vardagliga verksamheten. / The purpose of this study was to study preschool-teachers approach to and view on meal education in the everyday life in preschool. The study brings up different experiences that indicates on unaware knowledge about the subject.The study was completed by semestructured interviews with five preschool-teachers from a small town. They were working both in the countryside and in town. The participants had been working in preschools for about 23-35 years.The results are presented based on the studys three issues and shows that the meal is the time of the day were you talk about everyday things and also put in some educational aspects. The participants also means that the approach is very important but that meal education is new and unexplored. Despite that, many answers indicates that there’s an internal knowledge about meal education that shows in the everyday life in preschool.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa.pdf: 203849 bytes, checksum: 9fab4ed07cef2cd3e7a85b682d2f5819 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-05 / The objective of this project is to grasp and analyse the various understandings about the social role of the school as well as their relations with the school s project. A survey about the institution evolution along the historical periods is carried out, the school is defined as a space socially destined for the transmission of the knowledge accumulated by the human society for the new generations, it is searched in LIBÂNEO and MIZUKAMI the way to characterize - for each of the pedagogical tendencies/ approaches - their social role at the micro, meso and macro levels and as a kaleidoscopic web of relations . It is searched in Gramsci s thoughts the theoretical references and concepts that enable the reading and the understanding of the analysed elements. Ethnographic qualitative studies were carried out through semi-structured interviews, field observation and documentary analysis. It was verified that the school has a strong traditional liberal and in the non-critical theory tendency characterized by Saviani on its pedagogical project and also in the speeches of the school team. The speeches of the subjects involved in the research (students, parents, collaborators and teachers) bring a strong belief in the school as a socializing organ which enables success and social promotion for the students since it provides the initial education for the job market. The understanding of the social role of the school is not noticed unless from the point of view of the individual interest. As far as it is concerned there is affinity in the expectations among the different segments of the team. Expectations which will hardly be reached due to the reproductive mechanisms of the society that also affect the school life. / O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar os diversos entendimentos que se tem sobre a função social da escola e como os diversos segmentos da equipe escolar a percebem. Procede-se a um levantamento da evolução da instituição escolar ao longo dos períodos históricos, define-se a escola como espaço socialmente destinado à transmissão do conhecimento acumulado pela sociedade humana para as novas gerações, busca-se em Libâneo e Mizukami caracterizar, para cada uma das tendências/abordagens pedagógicas, a sua função social entendendo-a nos níveis micro, meso e macro, e como uma teia de relações caleidoscópicas . Busca-se no pensamento de Gramsci os referenciais teóricos e corpo conceitual que possibilitem a leitura e compreensão dos elementos analisados e presentes na fala dos sujeitos pertencentes a segmentos da equipe escolar pesquisada. Procedeu-se a um estudo qualitativo do tipo etnográfico, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação de campo e análise documental. Verificou-se que a escola apresenta em seu Projeto Pedagógico uma forte tendência tradicional liberal, e nas falas dos sujeitos nvolvidos na pesquisa: alunos, pais/mães, colaboradores e professores uma forte crença na escola como possibilitadora de sucesso e ascensão social aos educandos, depositando nela todas as expectativas nesse sentido. O entendimento da função social da escola é percebida no nível do individual, não demonstrando preocupações com o coletivo, nem tampouco com o diploma sem saberes aprendidos , a personalidade do educando ou seu nível para o acesso ao capital cultural. Os professores partilham dessa esponsabilidade com a formação e sucesso do indivíduo educando. Buscou-se a partir dessa reflexão, um entendimento sobre a função social da escola contemporânea.

Syftet för denna studie är att uppmärksamma betydelsen av pedagogers syn och erfarenheter om hur det verbala språket kan få betydelse för barns delaktighet i förskolan. Studiens resultat visar att barn med hjälp av det verbala språket kan lättare samspela med andra barn i lek. Barnen kan med hjälp av språket förklara och kommunicera så att de andra barnen inte missförstår. Det har visat sig att barnen använder sig av andra kommunikationssätt för att kommunicera och samspela med andra barn, exempelvis kroppsspråket. Pedagogens roll är att hjälpa barnen som en mellanhand, hjälpa barnen att tolka vad kompisarna säger men också tolka vad det barnet som inte använder sig av det verbala språket vill förmedla till sin omgivning. Den verbala språkutvecklingen ger barnen större möjlighet för delaktighet i lek. I läroplanen för förskolan definieras det att det är förskollärarens ansvar att ge barnen möjlighet till att utvecklas inom språk för att kunna kommunicera med omvärlden. / The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the importance of educators' views and experiences of how the verbal language may be important for children's participation in interaction. The result of the study shows that children who uses the verbal language easier can interact with other children in play. The children will be able to communicate and explain things to the one other with the language as a help so that there would be less misunderstandings. In the study it has been found that the children use other ways to communicate to interact with other children, such as body language. The educators roll is to help the children as an intermediary, to help the children to interpret what the child who does not use the verbal language wants to convey to the surrounding. The development of the verbal language gives the children greater opportunities for participation in play. In the preschool curriculum it is defined that the responsibility of the preschool teacher is to enable children to develop on language so that they can communicate with the world.

Early reading instruction and identification of learners with reading problems prevent reading difficulties in the Intermediate Phase. The specific aim of this study is to explore the role of the Intermediate Phase educator to assess the learners’ reading skills by using observation and assessment activities, in order to identify learners with reading problems. The literature study on reading activities explored the letters of the alphabet, phonemic awareness, spelling, word- recognition, assessment and word-knowledge. The qualitative research was conducted empirically in the form of a case study of one learner from the South African public primary school based in Ikageng location, Potchefstroom. The role of the Intermediate Phase educator is to develop and administer the reading activities, observe a learner when he or she recites; writes and identifies the letters of the alphabet; segment words to show his or her phonological awareness skill; spell words in the dictation test including any written activity; and reads aloud the single written words to test his or her word recognition ability. The themes that emerged from the empirical study are as follows: difficulty in sequencing written letters of the alphabet, inability to segment words, spelling problems and word recognition problems. The study indicated that the participant’s reading problems are based on an inability to decode single words. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Educational Psychology)

Early reading instruction and identification of learners with reading problems prevent reading difficulties in the Intermediate Phase. The specific aim of this study is to explore the role of the Intermediate Phase educator to assess the learners’ reading skills by using observation and assessment activities, in order to identify learners with reading problems. The literature study on reading activities explored the letters of the alphabet, phonemic awareness, spelling, word- recognition, assessment and word-knowledge. The qualitative research was conducted empirically in the form of a case study of one learner from the South African public primary school based in Ikageng location, Potchefstroom. The role of the Intermediate Phase educator is to develop and administer the reading activities, observe a learner when he or she recites; writes and identifies the letters of the alphabet; segment words to show his or her phonological awareness skill; spell words in the dictation test including any written activity; and reads aloud the single written words to test his or her word recognition ability. The themes that emerged from the empirical study are as follows: difficulty in sequencing written letters of the alphabet, inability to segment words, spelling problems and word recognition problems. The study indicated that the participant’s reading problems are based on an inability to decode single words. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Educational Psychology)

The aim of this study is to investigate how preschool children, aged 3-5 years, create meaning of static electricity in an activity led by a pedagogue, how this is expressed and what part the pedagogue takes in children’s meaning making. The method used was participant observation and video camera was used to document a designed activity. The observations took place at four occasions with four different groups and the observations was conducted in different rooms of various sizes, which were provided by the preschool. Equipment used in this study are: Balloons, pvc-pipes, salt, different kinds of papers, aluminum cans and thin plastic bags. Results in this study show that the children create meaning of the activity first and foremost by exploring interplay and conversations. They solve the task at hand working together and with support of the pedagogue. The role of pedagogue in the children’s meaning making is to present tasks which have moderate levels of difficulties, and to direct the children’s focus by using questions concerning the current phenomenon. In so doing, they support the children to succeed. Factors of importance for the children’s meaning making is to be given the opportunity to explore, their curiosity, joy and being heard.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the view of educators on their participation in free play in preschool. Free play is a typical activity for preschool. Engdahl & Ärlemalm-Hagsér (2015) highlight Fröbel as creator of the concept of free play. According to Fröbel, free play is characterized by creativity, freedom, repetition, learning and development (p. 145). Lindgren, Pramling & Säljö (2017) also motivate free play as chosen and led by the children themselves (p.148). With the revised curriculum, play has generally changed and more space has been given. However, the concept of teaching has been added, which means that the free play is being overshadowed. The curriculum for preschool does not highlight the concept of free play, but play in general, where children must be given the conditions for play so that they themselves initiate and that someone in the work team introduces the play to them (p. 8). Play should have a central place in preschool education, where an approach for everyone who is a part of the work team is to encourage play and confirm the importance of play for children’s development, learning and wellbeing (p.8). Nilsson & Lecusay (2020) believe that play is human’s most distinctive feature (p. 78). and that adults should actively contribute to children’s plays (ibid p. 82). As teaching has taken over most of the activities, there is a fear that the play will be overshadowed and taken for granted. Free play may be seen as a normal behavior, which can lead to it being easily taken for granted (Pramling Samuelsson & Asplund Carlsson 2008, p. 629) and therefore must be encouraged and challenged by adults by participating in the play.