O objetivo principal de nossa pesquisa é o exame da questão da representação no interior da obra política de Jean-Jaques Rousseau. Isso se fará sob três pontos distintos: Em um primeiro momento, buscaremos compreender a noção de representação no desenvolvimento das paixões, da história e das instituições. Guiados pela dicotomia existente entre ser e parecer, abarcaremos as principais características desta noção sob o ponto de vista do paradoxo entre realidade e aparência, elucidando sua significação, apontando sua gênese e compreendendo sua relação com os demais processos de expansão cultural do homem. Na segunda parte de nossa pesquisa, procuraremos compreender as relações existentes entre representação e linguagem, o efeito direto da representação na constituição das línguas, as diferenças entre a língua escrita e a língua falada e sua relação com o processo de corrupção humano. Buscaremos evidenciar o papel da linguagem no desenvolvimento moral do homem, bem como sua inseparabilidade do aprofundamento das paixões humanas e do desenvolvimento de suas instituições. Finalmente, nos aprofundaremos nas relações existentes entre representação e política propriamente dita, salientando o efeito nefasto que a representação possui neste âmbito. Nossas preocupações aqui limitam-se a compreender a denúncia feita por nosso autor à teatralização do poder, compreender o caráter de ilegitimidade da representação no interior do corpo político, a partir da doutrina do contrato social, sobretudo a concepção de vontade geral. / The main purpose of our research is the examination of the matter of representation in the depth of the Jean-Jaques Russeau s work. It will be taken under three different points: At first time we will try to comprehend the notion of representation upon the development of passions, history and institutions. Guided by the dichotomy that is between be and realize, we will forestall to the main characteristics of this notion under the point of view of paradox between reality and appearance, elucidating its meaning, pointing out its genesis and understanding its relation to other process of mans culture expansion. In the second part of our research, we will try to understand the relation between representation and language, the direct effect of representation on the constitution of languages, the discrepancies between spoken language and written language and its relation to the humans corruption process. We will try to highlight the purpose of language in the mans moral development such as its indivisibility from deepness of humans passions and the development of its institutions. Finally, we will go deeper to the relation presented between representation and polity as itself, pointing out the disgraceful that the representation has in this ambit. Our preoccupation here covers the comprehension of the deletion done by our author toward the theatricalization of the power, understand the character of illegitimacy of the representation in the interior of the politic body from the doctrines of the social contract, overall the conception of the general will.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Versao Final FAbricio Filosofia.pdf: 1035680 bytes, checksum: 325f179bd8d9d323e2e75c1ba1934bee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-20 / To develop this dissertation we chose to follow the thought of Rousseau, gathers the educational theme and the political theme so arranged as to investigate the construction of a possible proposal of formation of the human for the life in society. From the beginning, we encounter the disjunctive presented by Rousseau in Emile that sets the tone of the problem to be developed in our research: "make a man or a citizen?" (2004, p. 11). This disjunctive introduces a series of difficulties to be faced along this research and can be summarized in the relationship that Rousseau established between nature and society. In the first chapter we will make an analysis of the figure of the natural man found both in the natural state of isolation, discussed under the light of the Discourse about the origin and the fundamentals of the inequality among men, as in the state of society, under the light of the Emile. From these works we hope to introduce the concept of man prepared by Geneva philosopher through by the original strokes and own of the humanity that, hypothetically, have not been disfigured by corrupt society that he had in front his eyes, the one where no one could find neither men nor citizens. Our purpose is to highlight that the natural man gathers around itself the qualities necessary for a full and happy life, marked above all by the natural freedom and equality among men; what gives it a higher life condition than civil man found in the corrupted society. Rousseau is very critical to political and moral corruption of modern society, placed that considers as degeneration or defacement of the human, as presented in its analysis of the statue of Glaucus. In order to deepen this discussion, the second chapter strives to theorize about the figure of the citizen discussing, fundamentally, the conditions of legitimacy of the social and political life as opposed to bourgeois figure, which represents the degeneration of man in the civil state. Taking as a basis for examining the Social Contract, or principles of political right, we will bring to the stage of the civil society the rightful citizen, saved from possible corruption process that is exposed when unsatisfactory led to civil status. Between the natural man and the civil man, there are discontinuities to be clarified so that we can comply with the purpose‟s Rousseau who, in our opinion, is to form the citizen in accordance with the formation of man. The task of forming not from the most simple, takes into account transforming human nature to make the man, that is a whole in itself, a citizen, which is part of a larger whole. Such a venture competes to education in order to make of the man a being moral and free, and at the same time integrated into the body politic and committed to its laws, it is up to the legal sphere to bring political freedom and equality once enjoyed in the state of nature. Finish this dissertation showing our understanding about what we consider to be an important contribution of the Rousseau's pedagogical-political thought: that nature and society can be understood, according to Rousseau‟s point of view, as solidarity instances that compose the man in its fullness and authenticity, lifting it out to civil condition in the figure of legitimate citizen. / Para desenvolver a presente dissertação escolhemos seguir o pensamento de Rousseau, posto que reúne o tema educacional e o tema político dispostos de maneira a investigar a construção de uma proposta possível de formação do homem para a vida em sociedade. De início, nos deparamos com a disjuntiva apresentada por Rousseau no Emílio que dá o tom do problema a ser desenvolvido em nossa pesquisa: Fazer um homem ou um cidadão? (2004, p. 11). Essa disjuntiva introduz uma série de dificuldades a serem enfrentadas ao longo desta investigação e podem ser resumidas na relação que Rousseau estabelece entre natureza e sociedade. No primeiro capítulo faremos uma análise da figura do homem natural encontrado tanto no estado natural de isolamento, discutido à luz do Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens, quanto no estado de sociedade, à luz do Emílio. A partir destas obras esperamos apresentar o conceito de homem elaborado pelo filósofo genebrino por meio dos traços originais e próprios da humanidade que, hipoteticamente, não foram desfigurados pela sociedade corrompida que ele tinha diante de seus olhos, aquela onde já não se poderia encontrar nem homens nem cidadãos. Nosso propósito é destacar que o homem natural reúne em torno de si as qualidades necessárias para uma vida íntegra e feliz, marcada, sobretudo, pela liberdade e igualdade natural entre os homens; o que lhe confere uma condição de vida superior à do homem civil encontrado na sociedade corrompida. Rousseau é muito crítico à corrupção moral e política da sociedade moderna, posto que a considera como degeneração ou desfiguração do humano, tal como apresenta em sua análise da estátua de Glauco. A fim de aprofundar esta discussão, o segundo capítulo se esforça por teorizar sobre a figura do cidadão discutindo, fundamentalmente, as condições de legitimidade da vida social e política em contraposição à figura do burguês, que representa a degeneração do homem no estado civil. Tomando como base de análise o Contrato Social, ou princípios do direito político, buscaremos trazer ao palco da sociedade civil o cidadão legítimo, a salvo do possível processo de corrupção a que está sujeito quando mal conduzido para o estado civil. Entre o homem natural e o homem civil, existem descontinuidades a serem esclarecidas para que possamos cumprir com o propósito de Rousseau que, em nossa opinião, está em formar o cidadão em consonância com a formação do homem. A tarefa formacional não se mostra das mais simples, leva em conta transformar a natureza humana para fazer do homem, que é um todo em si mesmo, um cidadão, que é parte de um todo maior. Tal empreendimento compete à educação no sentido de fazer do homem um ser moral e livre, e ao mesmo tempo integrado ao corpo político e comprometido com suas leis, compete à política trazer para a esfera jurídica a liberdade e a igualdade outrora desfrutadas no estado de natureza. Finalizaremos esta dissertação apresentando nosso entendimento acerca daquilo que consideramos ser uma importante contribuição do pensamento pedagógico-político de Rousseau: que natureza e sociedade possam ser compreendidas, segundo a ótica rousseauniana, como instâncias solidárias que compõem o homem em sua plenitude e autenticidade, alçando-o à condição civil na figura do cidadão legítimo

Este estudo visa sondar a presença de autores franceses setecentistas ligados às Lumières no universo das crônicas de Machado de Assis. Popularizados, sobretudo, graças à imprensa, força motriz na disseminação do conhecimento no início do século XIX, Voltaire, Rousseau e Diderot, destituídos da aura de grandes filósofos, integram-se facilmente na esfera do folhetim. Ali, obras, temas e princípios criados por eles (já decantados pela cultura popular e tornados clichês, axiomas e ditos) agregam sentidos, ampliam a compreensão do elemento local, concorrem para a característica irônicochistosa do gênero e sedimentam a relação Brasil-França através da poética intertextual, traço profundo da escrita machadiana, cuja pluralidade de vozes fez da crônica um diálogo particular entre os dois países. A crítica moderna nos adverte quanto ao maniqueísmo da esquematização, ressaltando o lado arbitrário de toda periodização. Nota-se, contudo, que ao olhar o passado recente na tentativa de compreender o século XVIII, os homens do XIX retomaram em parte imagens herdadas da autorrepresentação daquele que foi o século da audácia crìtica, de maneira que se pode isolar o século XVIII, pois, mitificado, impõe-se ainda como identidade específica, irradiando a cultura francesa através de Voltaire, Rousseau e Diderot, seus exponenciais mitos mobilizadores. / This study aims, above all, at scrutinizing the presence of French writers from the eighteenth century, related to the Lumières, in the universe of Machado de Assis\'s chronicles. Popular, especially due to the press driving force in the dissemination of knowledge in the beginning of the nineteenth century Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, destitute of the great philosophers aura, easily fit into the universe of the broadsheet, where works, themes and principles created by them (which no longer enchanted the popular culture and had become clichés, axioms and sayings) were able to attribute meanings, broaden the understanding of the local element, compete for the mockingironic characteristic of the genre and strenghten the Brazil-French relationship through intertextual poetics deep feature of Machados writings, whose plurality of voices turned the chronicles into a particular dialogue between the two countries. Modern criticism advises us about the manichaeism of scheming, by highlighting the arbitrarity side of periodization. However, by looking at the recent past while trying to understand the eighteenth century, it is possible to notice that those men from the nineteenth century resumed, in part, the images inherited from the selfrepresentation of the century which was the time for the critical audacity, so as that one can isolate the eighteenth century, since, mythified, it also imposes itself as a specific identity, irradiating the French culture through Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, its exponential moving myths.

Déplaire : ni une notion constituée, ni un champ de recherche. Mais une revendication : celle de plusieurs écrivains et artistes français au XVIIIe siècle, rechignant à répondre aux attentes du public. L’avènement d’une « opinion publique », dont l’autorité est contestée, renforce leur désir d’autonomie. Parmi les plus éloquents d’entre eux : Rousseau. À partir du Discours sur l’origine de l'inégalité [1751] et à l’occasion d’une éclatante « réforme » personnelle, le Citoyen de Genève établit la nécessité de rompre avec les arts de plaire qui ordonnaient la vie sociale et l’écriture littéraire depuis le XVIIe siècle. Mais il est bientôt confronté aux écueils de la tentation autarcique et d’une revendication d’indépendance immédiatement susceptible de se transformer en stratégie de séduction. Ainsi l’écrivain dénonce, au tournant des années 1760, sa posture d’auteur « rébarbatif ». Ce faisant, il s’essaie à fonder un nouveau plaire, libre et dégagé des obligations courtisanes… La poétique qui accompagne cette réhabilitation d’une forme de séduction se déploie notamment dans La Nouvelle Héloïse. Parvient-elle pour autant à surmonter l’interdit du plaisir littéraire posé par la Lettre à d’Alembert ? Cela n’est pas certain ; car c’est sa propre entreprise de persuasion qu’en dernière instance l’écrivain dénonce, et c’est en empoisonneur public qu’il se présente, secrètement, entre les lignes de son roman. / To displease: this is not a concept, neither a matter of research, but rather a claim--the claim of several writers and artists from the French 18th century, who where reluctant to meet their public’s expectations. The accession of public opinion, whose authority is contested, confirms their desire for autonomy. Among the most eloquent of them is Rousseau. After his Discourse about the origins of inequality among men [1751] inspired his own personal “reformation”, the Genevan citizen unexpectedly proclaims the need to be rid of the long-standing “art to please,” which, up until this point, had ordered social and literary life since the 17th century. However, he is quickly confronted by the dangers of autonomy and a quest for independence that could easily be mistaken as a deceptive form of seduction. In light of this, at the end of the 1750’s, Rousseau decides to renounce his stance as an insolent, forbidding author, and he re-establishes the aim to please, although this time in a different way. The language that is characteristic of the seductive style this author inaugurates is found in his novel La Nouvelle Heloise. But is the novelist able to trump his position, stated in the Lettre à d’Alembert, where he attacks literary pleasure? He would say so; but ironically, it is Rousseau’very own means of seduction that the is attacking when he suggests, indiscreetly, through the lines of his work, that he has been poisoning the public mind.

No description available.

The significance of this opera, Le Devin du Village, lies not in the fact that it is great music, but in the fact of its historical importance. Its appearance in 1752, with its revolutionary ideas, heralds the coming of what we consider today as native French comic opera; i. e., native in the sense that it is composed by Frenchmen, although adapted from the Italian style in many respects. Another claim of uniqueness that might be made for this work is that its composer was no recognized musician, but one of the greatest pre-Revolution philosophers. His open-minded ness and eagerness to break loose the bonds of the traditional French "Chauvinism" and musical isolationism, brought forth this musical effort on his part, clothed in native atmosphere, yet embodying the spirit of Italian music. From the private library of Isaac Lloyd Hibberd, the writer was fortunate in having access to a first edition of Le Devin du Village, which has added greatly to an appreciable understanding of the music of this work.

[pt] A pesquisa de doutorado que culminou nesta tese consistiu na seleção e na tradução de parte significativa dos textos de botânica do filósofo iluminista Jean-Jacques Rousseau, diante de um cenário de indisponibilidade desses textos em língua portuguesa. A tradução é antecedida por uma tese que sustenta a hipótese de que a botânica rousseauniana pode ser compreendida como uma ciência moral. / [fr] La recherche doctorale qui a abouti à cette thèse a consisté en la sélection et la traduction d une partie importante des textes de botanique de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, philosophe des Lumières, étant donné l indisponibilité de ces textes en portugais. La traduction est précédée d une thèse qui soutient l hypothèse selon laquelle la botanique de Rousseau peut être comprise comme une science morale. traduction et commentaire

This study examines the role of not-knowing, particularly ignorance and irony, in our project of becoming persons. First, I draw upon Jean-Jacques Rousseau to articulate the concept of becoming a person. Considering Emile’s education as well as Sophie’s in Emile, I interpret becoming a person as cultivating the masculine (autonomy) and feminine (relationality), which enable us to live for ourselves and for others in a society. I then argue that ignorance and irony play a key role in our continuous project of becoming persons in childhood and adulthood, respectively. I draw upon Rousseau to discuss ignorance. Ignorance refers to the complete ignorance of things that do not originate from the child’s immediate experience. I focus on Rousseau’s notion that ignorance secures an open mind, which enables a child to begin a relationship with nature, things, and others. I draw upon Jonathan Lear to discuss irony. Irony refers to the loss of one’s routine understanding of her practical identity (social role), which inspires her aspirational understanding of the identity. I focus on Lear’s idea that irony allows an adult to keep an open mind, which enables her to be a subject in a social role, who continues to constitute herself via the role. Thus, I propose a model of becoming a person, in which ignorance and irony play the key role in forming and transforming a person, respectively, by securing an open mind as a person in childhood and adulthood, respectively. Lastly, I explore the application of this model to higher education today. I argue that ignorance and irony can be discussed not only as the two stages of life (childhood and adulthood) but also as the two phases of growth (formation and transformation) which can be concurrent in (young) adulthood. I then propose a pedagogy centered around ignorance and irony, which allows students to learn to become persons in formative and transformative ways. I suggest that this can be a model of moral education in higher education, which not only responds to the current mental health crisis but also revives the tradition of liberal education.

Selon l'anthropologie rousseauiste, la sincérité vise à remédier à la séparation de l'être et du paraître détériorant les relations de l'homme social avec ses semblables et ses rapports avec lui-même. Cette fonction morale explique que Rousseau place la sincérité au cœur de son projet autobiographique. D'abord un rapport à lui-même, la sincérité lui révèle sa position dans l'ordre de la nature ; en tant que relation au lecteur, elle vise ensuite la transmission des dimensions individuelle et universelle de sa vision de lui-même. Puisqu'elle ne concerne pas l'exactitude factuelle, mais seulement la justice et la vérité morale, la sincérité s'accommode de procédés littéraires rapprochant l'autobiographie du roman. Étant donné l'influence des Confessions et des Rêveries du promeneur solitaire sur la postérité, la sincérité ainsi comprise se trouve à l'origine de ce que Charles Taylor nomme Y idéal moral d'authenticité. Conséquemment, elle peut servir à en mieux saisir les véritables implications.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2010-2011 / Dans son Projet de constitution pour la Corse (1765), Jean-Jacques Rousseau accorde une importance inédite à la Suisse de l'époque moderne au détriment des Anciens, très présents dans ses textes précédents. Ce mémoire vise à déterminer de quelle façon Rousseau utilise les référents suisse et romain dans cette oeuvre. La référence à la Suisse remplace celle à la Rome antique pour illustrer la décadence d'un peuple vertueux, mais elle la complète comme modèle pour les finances publiques. Lorsqu'il rédige le Projet, Rousseau est à un tournant dans ses relations avec sa ville natale. L'association entre Genève et les Républiques antiques dans son oeuvre est d'abord traitée. Il est ensuite question du portrait qu'il peint de la décadence des Suisses pour servir d'avertissement aux Corses. Enfin, les finances publiques que Rousseau préconise sont présentées. Il utilise celles de la Rome antique comme un modèle théorique et celles de la Suisse de l'époque moderne comme un modèle pratique.