No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Rural villages are important elements in cultural landscape. Thanks his variety here often enact biocentres and make possible to existence wide spectrum of plant, that could occur in other places and by other conditions only rock hard. At present however happens under the thumb of wasteful management to typical provincial nature suppression and to extinction of some species. This work was bent on vegetation investigation in three villages in Volyňsko in district Strakonice. Ascertained kinds spectrum distinguish on the basis of many factors, for example location position, abiotic factors or way of management. To other subject of interest was derived, let us say invasive kinds occurrence as well as protected species. On the basis these results can tell, that the rural villages are in monotonous agricultural landscape significant biotope that it is necessary to protect.

Background: Although physical inactivity has been linked with numerous chronic health conditions and overall mortality, the majority of English adults report insufficient physical activity. To increase population physical activity levels, researchers have called for more community-level interventions. To evaluate these complex public health interventions, innovative study designs are required. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether a community-level physical activity intervention—‘Devon Active Villages’—increased the activity levels of rural communities. Methods: The Devon Active Villages intervention provided villages with 12 weeks of physical activity opportunities for all age groups. Community engagement helped tailor activity programmes for each village; communities were then supported for a further 12 months. 128 rural villages from south-west England were randomised to receive the intervention in one of four time periods, as part of a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Data collection consisted of a postal survey of a random sample of adults (≥18 years), at baseline, and after each of the four intervention periods. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of adults who reported sufficient physical activity to meet the current guidelines (≥150mins of moderate-and-vigorous, or ≥75mins of vigorous-intensity activity per week). The number of minutes spent in moderate-and-vigorous activity per week was analysed as a secondary outcome. Using data from all five periods, a comparison of study outcomes between intervention and control arms was performed, allowing for time period (as a fixed effect), and the random effect induced by correlation of outcomes (clustering) within villages. Additionally, the baseline data were analysed separately using logistic and linear regression models to examine the correlates of physical activity behaviour in rural adults. Results: Baseline study: 2415 adults completed the postal survey (response rate 37.7%). The following factors both increased the odds of meeting the recommended activity guidelines and were associated with more leisure-time physical activity: being male, in good health, greater commitment to being more active, favourable activity social norms, greater physical activity habit, and recent use of recreational facilities. In addition, there was evidence that younger age, lower body mass index, having a physical occupation, dog ownership, inconvenience of public transport, and using recreational facilities outside the local village were associated with greater reported leisure-time physical activity. Main study: 10,412 adults (4693 intervention, 5719 control) completed the postal survey (response rate 32.2%). The intervention did not increase the odds of adults meeting the physical activity guideline, although there was weak evidence of an increase in the minutes of moderate-and-vigorous-intensity activity per week. The ineffectiveness of the intervention may have been due to its low penetration—only 16% of intervention participants reported being aware of the intervention, and just 4% reported participating in intervention events. Conclusions: Baseline study: This study highlights potentially important correlates of physical activity that could be the focus of interventions targeting rural populations, and demonstrates the need to examine rural adults separately from their urban counterparts. Main study: A community-level physical activity intervention providing tailored physical activity opportunities to rural villages did not improve physical activity levels in adults. Greater penetration of such interventions needs to be achieved for them to have any chance of increasing the prevalence of physical activity at the community level.

Submitted by Marcia Leitzke (marcia.leitzke@unioeste.br) on 2017-06-12T12:58:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 2017_Sandra_Ventorim.pdf: 1401133 bytes, checksum: e02dfb86efd17800c3fb8d36b198b1ad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T12:58:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2017_Sandra_Ventorim.pdf: 1401133 bytes, checksum: e02dfb86efd17800c3fb8d36b198b1ad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The present study presents results of a research on a characterization of the residents and the practice of the Rural Village State Program, having as object the Vila Rural São Camilo, located in the municipality of Palotina, in the State of Paraná. The research identified the profile of the villager of Vila Rural and how the program is put into practice. We analyzed the factors that make it difficult to achieve the objectives of the program, such as the production goal for self-consumption. The research was done through the collection of primary and secondary data, having as an open and closed questions, applied to all 42 families residing in Rural Village, In the response to the invitation to participate, it is highlighted that the majority of families were represented by the female. The results showed that few carry out a commercialization of the products, as well as perform functions to meet their financial needs. It was also observed that the inhabitants of Vila Rural have a shortage of financial resources, and that they depend on programs provided by Government, and also, that there is a lack of technical incentive, for a population that does not plant the products and their commercialization. / O presente estudo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a caracterização dos moradores e a prática do Programa Estatal Vilas Rurais, tendo como objeto a Vila Rural São Camilo, situada no município de Palotina, no Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa identificou o perfil dos moradores da Vila Rural e como o programa é colocado em prática. Foram analisados os fatores que dificultam que os objetivos do programa sejam alcançados, como a meta de produção para o autoconsumo. A pesquisa deu-se por meio de coleta de dados primários e de dados secundários, tendo como instrumento um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicado à totalidade das 42 famílias residentes na Vila Rural. Na resposta ao convite para a participação, destaca-se que a maioria das famílias foi representada pelo sexo feminino. E os resultados demonstraram que poucos realizam a comercialização dos produtos, bem como desempenham funções fora da vila rural para suprir as suas necessidades financeiras. Observou-se, ainda, que os habitantes da Vila Rural têm carência de recursos financeiros, que dependem de programas disponibilizados pelo governo, e também que existe falta de incentivo e de apoio técnico para instruir a população no plantio dos produtos e na sua comercialização.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-149).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2626409 bytes, checksum: 689e2d612a3c7dcc3b669e91ad248063 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Brazilian agriculture has been transformed, with large agribusiness structures, better use of space and better use of available resources, and thus the rural workers have preferred to live close to the workplace, which are usually agricultural small villages. These locations require simple homes, fast built and inexpensive, such as modular buildings, made with prefabricated panels, reducing the assembly time on ready foundations, with significant reduction of remains. As this typology still needs investigations, this work was to develop and evaluate vertical (walls) and horizontal (ceiling) panels using mortar and pet plastic bottles. The results led to a modular measure of 1.05 m, and building measure of 1.04 m wide by 2.75 m high by 0.15 m thick. The modular panels was defined with female system on the side edges and upper, allowing joints on-line, l, t or cross, as well as the joint between vertical panels and slab. The form for the panels were made of wood, 6 cm thick, with half diameter pvc pipe diameter of 7.5 cm fixed on the sides and upper face of the panel to shape the female type fitting. The panels were armed with a metal cage with steel stirrups of ca-60 4.2 mm arranged in two directions, each 20 cm in longitudinal and 25 cm transversal way. Inside the metal cage were inserted eight columns of pet bottles and, lastly, the assembly was encased in wire netting. The surroundings of window and door panels were reinforced with 4 ca-60 8.0 mm steel bars in the longitudinal direction and with 4.2 mm stirrups every 15 cm. The mortar had weight trace of 1.0: 2.0 and a factor w/c = 0.45. In the compression test, the panels presented linear deformation, with deflections in a security range, thus far away from a possible breakage. In the hard body impact test, the panel surface was adequate, showing great performance. In the vertical compression test, based on prisms, made the calculation, it was concluded that the panel was suitable for use on walls of houses up to two floors. In the bending test of the slab panel with up to 8 kn of load, it was concluded that it can be used even for slab with public access. In the shear test of the slab panel, as the load was higher than that recommended for public access, the panel was approved to be used as a ceiling or floor. The masonry panels had its cost about 2.5 times smaller than the conventional masonry. Finally, the proposed modular system can be recommended both as wall and as slabs. / A agricultura brasileira vem se transformando, com grandes estruturas agroindustriais, melhor aproveitamento do espaço físico e melhor uso dos recursos disponíveis, e o trabalhador rural tem preferido morar próximo do local de trabalho, que normalmente são agrovilas. Estas localidades demandam casas com execução simples, rápida e econômica, como as edificações moduladas, confeccionadas com painéis pré-fabricados, com redução do tempo de montagem sobre fundações prontas e redução significativa de resíduos. Como esta tipologia ainda carece de investigações, objetivou-se com este trabalho desenvolver e avaliar painéis de fechamentos verticais (paredes) e horizontais (teto), empregando argamassa armada e garrafas de plástico tipo PET. Os resultados conduziram á uma medida modular de 1,05 m, com a medida de construção do painel de 1,04 m de largura, por 2,75 m de altura, por 0,15 m de espessura. Os painéis modulares foram definidos para terem sistema fêmea nas extremidades laterais e superior, permitindo junções em linha, l, t ou em cruz, assim como junção entre painéis verticais e de laje. As fôrmas dos painéis foram de madeira, com 6 cm de espessura, com meio diâmetro de tubo de pvc diâmetro de 7,5 cm, nas laterais e face superior do painel, para moldar o encaixe tipo fêmea. Os mesmos foram armados com uma gaiola metálica com estribos de aço ca-60 4,2 mm dispostos nas duas direções, a cada 20 cm na longitudinal e a cada 25 cm na transversal. Em seu interior foram inseridas 8 colunas de garrafas pet e, por fim, o conjunto foi envolto por tela de viveiro. Os painéis com janela e porta tiveram o seu entorno reforçados com 4 barras de aço ca-60 8,0 mm no sentido longitudinal e estribos de 4,2 mm, a cada 15 cm. A argamassa teve traço em peso de 1,0 : 2,0 e fator a/c = 0,45. No ensaio de compressão dos painéis, as deformações se apresentaram dentro de um inervalo de segurança e bem distante de uma possível ruptura. No ensaio de impacto de corpo duro, a superfície do painel se mostrou adequada, com ótimo desempenho. Nos ensaios de compressão vertical, através de prismas, feito o cálculo, pôde-se concluir que o painel é adequado para a utilização em paredes de residências de até dois pavimentos. Nos ensaios de flexão e de cisalhamento do painel de laje, com carregamento de até 8 kN, conclui-se que a mesma pode ser de piso com acesso ao público. A alvenaria com painéis teve o seu custo cerca de 2,5 vezes menor que as alvenarias convencionais. Por fim, o sistema modular proposto atende ao preconizado, quer como paredes ou como lajes.

No description available.