A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science. 2016. / An important feature of the Merensky Cyclic Unit in the Bushveld Complex is the association of platinum group metals with narrow chromitite layers. The appearance and removal of chromitite layers in this unit has been used to define facies types. This study explores the hypothesis that individual chromitite layers within the Merensky Cyclic Unit at Marikana have distinguishing major element concentrations or ratios which could assist in tracing the continuity of the chromitite layers between facies types which is characterized by single or multiple layers. The examination of field relationships of the chromitite layers at the transition between facies types will be useful to improve understanding of lithological continuity. This study has two approaches; the first being the examination of underground exposures and petrographic analysis, and secondly by chemical analysis of chromite grains within the chromitite layers. No chromite mineral compositional trends or similarities were observed for grains in chromitite layers hosted by the same silicate mineral. The mineral chemistry evidence suggests that post cumulus processes are considered to have changed the primary chromite compositions and that reequilibration has occurred due to reaction with trapped intercumulus liquid. Little to no reaction with the host silicates of plagioclase and pyroxene is envisaged. The slow cooling of the Bushveld Complex has allowed intercumulus liquid a greater opportunity to equilibrate with the early minerals, destroying the early magmatic history by reaction and recrystallization. The cumulate deposition model envisaged to have formed the Merensky Cyclic unit at Marikana is by the emplacement of several pulses of superheated magma, supported by the occurrence of several chromitite layers within the sequence. / LG2017

Safety and security have become major educational problems in secondary schools because many learners report feeling unsafe in the school environment. For example, the South African Institute of Race Relation conducted a research study in 2008 that indicated that 23 percent of learners still feel unsafe in their schools. Typical of present-day schooling system, teachers are scared of learners, and that is why many parents - even the poorest of the poor- are taking their children to former model C schools. The problem that was researched was the impact of violence in schools and how it affects learners and teachers' performance. The study was conducted in the Rustenburg District of Bojanala Region in the North West Province, South Africa. Data was collected from five (5) secondary schools because of their history of violence. A questionnaire was set to ensure that the questions were structured not to miss any important factor of violence in schools. Individual teachers and learners were questioned in face-to-face interview. The tape recorder was used to record the interview sessions because it is reliable, and taped answers can be analysed by several judges. Qualitative research analysis was used to interpret the data to draw inferences as well as conclusions. Inferences drawn from the survey were that there was a 70% certainty that violence contributed to low performance in schools; 52.7% agreement that violence causes physical and bodily harm; 48.7% certainty that violence can be addressed. / Thesis (M.Ed) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012

The Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite is a relatively large pipelike body situated in the western corner of Rustenburg Section, Rustenburg Platinum Mines. It is characterised by a strong negative magnetic signature and transgresses the noritic layered sequence of the upper critical zone of the Bushveld Complex. The layered rocks are downwarped in the vicinity of the pipe and are in sharp contact with the pegmatitic material. The pegmatite varies in composition between dunite and wehrlite, with the marginal zones being more wehrlitic in composition. Olivine (Fo₃₀ - Fo₅₂) and clinopyroxene (Wo₄₅En₃₀Fs₂₅ - Wo₄₅En₃₇Fs₁₈) are the dominant constituents and accessory phases include ilmenite, Ti -magnetite, apatite, amphiboles, chlorite-group minerals, biotite, ilvaite and a host of unusual ore minerals. The Fe-Ti oxides exhibit exsolution textures typically found in slowly cooled igneous rocks and temperatures of formati on are consi dered to be in excess of 800°C. The UG2 chromitite leader layers intersected by borehole TLP.l are enriched in Fe and Ti and exhibit compositions intermediate between chromite and Ti-magnetite. The ore mineral assemblage includes a primary sulphide assemblage consisting of troilite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and pentlandite, and an array of unusual phases formed by late-stage secondary processes. The unusual sulphides mooihoekite and haycockite, that occur in certain parts of the pegmatite, are considered to have formed by partial replacement of the primary assemblage and a possible paragenetic sequence is discussed. Mineral compositions and whole rock geochemical data are consistent with an origin for the pegmatite by crystallization from a fractionated melt. It is suggested that intercumulus fluids, trapped during the crystallization of the noritic layered sequence, accumulated in an area of structural weakness, in response to an increasing overburden pressure and/or tectonic activity. Evidence is also presented that indicates that the Townlands pegmatite may consist of at least two separate, but adjoining pegmatite bodies. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / A safe and secure environment is necessary for effective teaching and learning to take place. Such an environment is possible when learners are disciplined and there is mutual respect among stakeholders. However, research indicates that learner discipline is an emerging problem which renders many schools as ineffective centres of learning. To circumvent this problem, governing bodies are empowered by the Schools Act to design and implement the learner code of conduct after consultation with parents, learners and educators. This study revealed that governing bodies have challenges relating to the proper design and effective implementation of the learner code of conduct. Consequently, educators who must implement the code of conduct struggle to maintain discipline and tend to use punitive disciplinary methods. A basic or generic qualitative research design was used to understand the process of the design and implementation of the learner code of conduct. Focus group interviews were conducted with governing bodies to solicit their perspectives and experiences of the design and implementation of the code of conduct. Field notes were taken and documents such as discipline records of the participating schools were analysed. Data was analysed according to Tesch's method of open coding in order to identify themes and categories. One of the findings of the study is that there is a need for the adoption of preventative rather than punitive disciplinary strategies. In line with this finding, governing bodies are encouraged to enact their discipline policies according to the South African Constitution's value of human dignity, which bars schools from enacting rules and policies that are degrading and humiliating to learners. It is recommended that further studies should be undertaken about the impact of the implementation of the learner code of conduct on the maintenance of discipline.

The introduction of black economic empowerment legislation marked an important milestone for the economic development of black people. The ANC led government has managed to achieve a shift in the political landscape of South Africa in the 16 years of its rule. However, it remains to be seen if·the country would follow the intended changes towards economic development. The political achievement of the forces of change set in motion unto date could be easily reversed if economic parity is not achieved in a constructive manner supported by the will of the nation as guided by the current South African constitution. The government in its formative years made it its goal to pursue equity and wealth redistribution with the hope of growing the economy. These goals have been difficult to achieve, thus challenging the government of the day in its attempt to eradicate poverty and create a sustainable economy. The government approach to local economic development has mainly been centered on the establishment of small businesses that would hopefully provide employment to a greater part of the population. With the development of small businesses the Asgisa objective of 6% growth would be attained. Generally, the redistribution of of wealth has been a contentious issue, sparking controversies from both the proponent and detractors of BEE alike. There have been mixed reactions towards the implementation of BEE. Some critics regard BEE as a way to benefit mainly connected individuals rather than the mass of the previously disadvantaged. On the other hand, South Africa's corporate sector continues to be dominated, managed and owned by the minority whites. As a whole, whilst affirmative action has progressed, imbalances still exist in that women appear to be still disadvantaged in certain sectors of organisations regarding management positions and shareholding within companies. Although Black Economic Empowerment tends to increasingly lead to white economic disempowerment (primarily white males). it nevertheless remains evident that for black~ to enter into business is still marred with problems. It is apparent from the critics that not only blacks are affected, also whites need some kind of relief from deprivation; this would avert the next generation of poor whites. The research results reveal some of the effects which BEE has on the growth of small businesses and on black people in general. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture: Professional)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012. / This design dissertation deals with the creation of a DNA Database reservoir for the South African Police Services (SAPS) in Rustenburg and the Northwest Province at large. The project acts as a catalyst for the creation of a national DNA Database for the purpose of matching crime scene evidence with the profiles on the database to link possible suspects, victims and to exonerate innocent individuals. Since the proposed facility will form part of a national network, it will serve as a regional bank for the said province. A Forensic DNA laboratory is proposed at the foot of Kwaggapan Hill in the city of Rustenburg, a location of historic significance and scenic imagery that has been stained by acts of crime. For the maximum efficiency of the functions of the facility, the building programme explores the use of two contrasting facilities that are interconnected with specific functional requirements to work together as one.

Four Merensky reef underground exposures of different reef thickness, representative of the lithological variations exposed in mining, have been drilled and mapped. The relationship of the Merensky reef to the underlying rocks is paraconformable, and a broad-based definition of the highly variable Merensky reef, on the basis of detailed mine-wide mapping, is presented. Fifty two whole-rock samples from one drill intersection were analysed for major and trace elements by X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry, and for platinum-group elements (PGE) by Neutron Activation analysis. The remaining three drill intersections were analysed for trace elements, and for PGE in one instance. Orthopyroxene and plagioclase mineral separates from one intersection were analysed for major elements by XRF, and the mineral compositions determined. The results of the whole-rock and silicate mineral chemistry are presented and discussed. Whole-rock geochemistry is controlled by modal composition, as are most trace elements. Incompatible elements such as Nb, Zr, Ba, Y and Rb occur in elevated abundances in the feldspathic pyroxenites and show systematic low-correlation relationships with Cu, Ni, Sand the PGE. These patterns are ascribed to the pore space competition between incompatible element enriched silicate melt and sulphide melt. The PGE are systematically associated with the base metal sulphide elements, with some localised decoupling, with Pd and Au showing the greatest chalcophile nature. The other PGE are highly correlated. Deviations in the geochemistry relative to the mode are analysed and discussed. Orthopyroxene and plagioclase mineral compositions consistently define three-way lithological associations, demonstrating limited geochemical relationship between the lithologies. These lithologies represent the footwall and hangingwall norites/anorthosites and the Merensky reef/Merensky pyroxenite sequence. The Merensky reef pegmatoid and the overlying Merensky pyroxenite have more evolved Mg# and Ca# than the norite or anorthosite. Ni in orthopyroxene correlates with whole-rock Ni, providing evidence of re-equilibration. A systematic relationship exists between plagioclase and orthopyroxene mineral compositions, with Ti in both phases defining primary and re-equilibrated trends. Apart from the elevated PGE abundances in the Merensky reef, the Merensky reef and overlying Merensky pyroxenite are geochemically indistinguishable. Certain evolved element distribution patterns coincide with the zone of elevated PGE, Cu and Ni abundances. Abundant geochemical evidence is consistent with late-stage in situ hydromagmatic alteration and modification to the Merensky reef, and in part, the Merensky pyroxenite. In contrast, the texturally similar footwall and hangingwall norites show very little evidence of hydromagmatic effects, where magmatic and submagmatic processes are well preserved. The whole-rock and mineral geochemistry defines and characterises the Merensky succession and provides certain constraints for petrogenetic modelling. A multi-stage process is envisaged for the petrogenesis and evolution of the Merensky succession, involving, 1) a magmatic stage, 2) a submagmatic stage, and 3) a hydromagmatic stage. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1994.

Mining towns, like cities, are experiencing similar outcomes of rapid-urbanisation where the opportunities that are presented by mass urbanisation and migration (economic growth, jobs and increased social engagement) are increasingly overshadowed by the consequences of over-urbanisation (housing shortages, slums and failing infrastructure). These consequences, coupled with the growing gap between the rich and the poor result in undesirable outcomes and lead to conflict, protest and violence. As such, the majority of the South African population, while striving for a better life, live in poorly serviced settlements on the outskirts of the city where crime, oppression and exploitation, contribute to a growing fragmentation of the society as a whole. These underdeveloped settlements and their working population contribute largely to supporting the wealth of the city and generating profits for a small minority. This is evident in the county’s mining operations where the disparity between the mineral wealth below ground and the social condition and poverty above ground is manifested in the failure of the social structure of the community and is responsible for the psychological and physical condition of ‘in-betweenness’. Halbwachs argues that culture and social framework, is presupposed by memory. As such, the research aims to explore collective memory and its influence on social cohesion as well as how it is manifested and mediated in the built environment. The research is concerned with establishing a consciousness in design that values humanity in the process and outcomes (i.e. From inception, through design development, construction and realisation). Consciousness in the built environment suggests a sensitive approach to social context while regenerating and revitalising new and existing communities and simultaneously providing facilities that will contribute to a socially and economically sustainable future in the wake of conflict and trauma. As such it is argued that human-nature, self-interest and competition for survival, if managed by conscience, promotes positive social advancement (Sumner, 1883).

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / This research has shown that developing educators who can compete locally and globally within the education sector is to a large extent the responsibility of school principals. The research further shows that educators can be developed effectively through the use of clinical supervision. Clinical supervision in this research is viewed as a strategy to improve the knowledge base, teaching skills and competencies of educators. Furthermore, the research reveals that in today's competitive environment, continuous educator development is key to enhancing the quality of education and classroom practice. One of the major challenges facing school principals today is to continually create and maintain contexts for effective teaching and learning. New demands for survival include the ability to provide better education, accessibility to learnership regardless of the diminishing essential resources. The background, aims, and research methods are provided in chapter one. The qualitative research approach was employed in the investigation of clinical supervision as a strategy to develop educators in the school. The literature search revealed that the principal as the supervisor can use different methods to develop educators. However, clinical supervision was identified as the most effective way of assisting educators to grapple with their day-today actions in the classroom. The data was collected and analysed using the constant comparative method. Focus group interviews were conducted with two groups of educators and individual interviews with two principals of senior secondary schools, in Mantserre Circuit in the Rustenburg District of Education, North West Province. The research revealed that some principals are not aware of clinical supervision as a strategy to assist educators with lesson preparation and effective teaching. In all schools that the researcher conducted interviews, the concept was strange. On the other hand, the research revealed that educators expected their principals to guide them with the execution of their work...

No abstract available / Dissertation (MTh)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted