Denna studie undersöker hur våld i nära relation i sju fall av grov kvinnofridskränkning kan förstås utifrån Messerschmidts teori om konstruktionen av maskulinitet och brott. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur orsakerna till våldet beskrivs i fallen samt hur gärningsmännen beskriver offrens roll i våldet. Frågeställningarna som ställs i studien är 1) Hur ser arbetssituationen ut för kvinnan och mannen i de fall som analyseras? 2) Hur beskrivs orsaken till våldet i fallen och hur representerar gärningsmännen kvinnornas roll i våldet? samt 3) Hur kan dessa framställningar förstås utifrån teorin om maskulinitet och brott? Metoden som har använts är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar på att arbetslösheten hos gärningsmannen har en påverkan men inte en kausal relation till orsaken till våldet. Tre teman framkom i analysen som visade på att kontroll, svartsjuka och bestämmanderätt var centrala vid förklaringarna av våldet. Det framkom även att gärningsmännen försöker lägga över skulden på offren genom att beskriva hur hon har provocerat honom till våldet. Slutsatserna i studien är att de beskrivningar som har analyserats kan förstås och förklaras utifrån konstruktionen av maskulinitet och våldet uppstod främst när den maskulina identiteten uppfattades som ifrågasatt av offret. / This study examines how violence in close relationship in seven cases of gross violation of women's rights can be understood from Messerschmidt's theory on construction of masculinity and criminality. The purpose of this study is to examine the explanations for the violence in the cases as well as how the perpetrators describes the victim’s role in the violence. The problem statements in this study are 1) What does the working situation look like for the woman and man in the analysed cases? 2) How are the violence explained in the cases and how does the perpetrators describe the women's part in the violence? and 3) How can these explanations be understood from Messerschmidt's theory on masculinity and crime? The used method is a qualitative content analysis. The results show that the perpetrators unemployment has an effect, though not a causal relationship, on the occurring of the violence. Three themes emerged from the analysis that showed that control, jealousy and authority are central when describing the violence. It also emerged that the perpetrators tried to place the blame on the victim by describing how she provoked him to violence. Conclusions of this study are that the analysed descriptions can be understood and explained through the construction of masculinity and the violence mainly occurred when the masculine identity was perceived as being questioned by the victim.

Frauenbewegungen in Deutschland stehen für kollektive Bestrebungen von vornehmlich Frauen für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter auf sozialer, kultureller, rechtlicher, wirtschaftlicher und politischer Ebene unter Berücksichtigung der Differenz der Geschlechter seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Zentrale Themen waren und sind u. a. das Recht auf höhere Bildung, das Recht auf Arbeit, Lohngleichheit, Sexualität, Verhütung, Abtreibung, Homosexualität und das Wahlrecht.

1 juli år 2013 trädde en ny skollag i kraft i Sverige. Den nya lagen ger papperslösa barn i Sverige rätt till utbildning. Detta gäller både om barnet har fått avslag av Migrationsverket på sin uppehållstillståndsansökan och om barnet lever gömt och inte sökt uppehållstillstånd. Idag har papperslösa barn rätt till utbildning men detta innebär inte att dessa barn har en skolplikt, utan det avgör barnet själv eller familjen till det papperslösa barnet om rätten ska nyttjas. Denna valfrihet leder till att flera papperslösa barn inte utnyttjar sin rätt till utbildning. Det finns flera orsaker till detta som exempelvis att många papperslösa familjer inte känner till den nya skollagen och att polisen de facto har rätt att omhänderta en papperslös elev från skolan. Då det inte existerar någon garanti för att den papperslösa elevens trygghet i skolan väljer många papperslösa familjer bort denna rättighet på grund av rädslan att barnet skall bli omhändertaget av polisen. I samband med detta har vi identifierat olika dilemman för lärare, dilemman som uppstår vid en sammanstötning mellan lärares yrkesetik och lärares lagstadgade plikter såsom anmälningsplikt. I Sverige har lärare en skyldighet att anmäla, om de misstänker eller får kännedom om att ett barn far illa skall de meddela socialtjänsten. Denna anmälningsplikt orsakar ett stort dilemma för lärare då konsekvensen av en anmälning kan bli förödande för den enskilde papperslösa eleven och dennes familj. För att få en klarare bild av lärarnas dilemman utförde vi intervjuer med olika lärare på Skånska skolor. Vid intervjutillfällena fick vi förklarat för oss att dilemmat med anmälningsplikten och skyddande av papperslösa elever är någonting som lärare fruktar. Utifrån Barnkonventionen, lärares yrkesetik, tystnadsplikt samt specifik skolsekretess kan lärare skydda den enskilde papperslösa eleven. Dock så finns rädslan kvar bland lärarna om vad som händer om en specifik situation leder till att socialtjänsten måste kontaktas. Resultatet av analysen ger en bild av att lärares yrkesetik inte är så stark som andra yrkesetiker, således kan lärare stå upp mot andra myndigheter och neka deras begäran om tillträdde på skolan. / July 1 2013 a new law entered into force in Sweden. The new Education Act gives undocumented children in Sweden right to education. This is regardless whether the child has been rejected by the Migration Board on their residence permit application and shall be rejected or if the child lives in hiding and has not applied for a residence permit. Today, undocumented children's right to education does not mean that undocumented children have a school attendance, this determines the child himself or the family of the undocumented child´s the right to be utilized. This choice leads too many undocumented children do not exercise their right to education. There are several reasons for this, such that many undocumented families are not aware of the new Education Act, but also that the police actually have the right to seize an undocumented student from school. Then there exists no guarantee that the undocumented student's safety at school, many undocumented families declines this right because of the fear of being found and cared for by the police. In connection with this issue, we have identified various dilemmas for teachers, dilemmas that arise when there is a clash between teachers' professional ethics' and teachers' statutory obligations such as notification requirements to authority. In Sweden, teachers have an obligation to notify if they suspect or become aware that a child is being abused to social services. This notification requirement causes a big dilemma for teachers as the consequence of a notification can be devastating for the individual undocumented student and their family. To get a view of the teacher's dilemmas, we conducted interviews with teachers from Skåne. In the interviews we got told by teachers that the dilemma with the notification requirements and protection of undocumented students is something that teachers fear. Thanks to the Convention of Children´s Rights, teachers' professional ethics, teacher´s obligation to observe silence and confidentiality that exists at the school, teachers can protect the individual undocumented student. However, there are fears remain in the teachers about what happens if it comes to the situation where a claim must be made to social services. The results of the analysis gave us that the teachers' professional ethics is not as strong as other professional ethics so that teachers can stand up to other authorities and deny their request for the entry of the school.

This research focused on the personal experiences of both male and female victims of violent crimes. The aim of this research was to explore how indigenous Black South Africans understand and deal with victimisation. An African epistemology was used to help gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of the participants. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling strategy. Five participants were selected for this study. Data was collected using individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using content analysis. The results indicate that participants attributed varying meanings to their victimisation. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

This diploma thesis poses the question of the legal status of partners in a private limited liability company compared to the legal status of partners (shareholders) in a joint stock company. Although both companies are in a theory of Czech business law classified as capital corporations, which means that they have much in common, the legal enactments which are regulating the area of the partner's legal status in both legal forms contain many significant differences. Some of them may well be considered as slight, unimportant details, whereas the others represent fundamental differences, which, for the partner's legal status, are more than crucial. The partner's participation in the company's activities and in its management could be mentioned as one of the examples. Meanwhile, the partners in a private limited liability company typically participate in the whole life of their corporation, the shareholders in a joint stock company only influence the life of their corporation implicitly, through their influence over the personal structure of the executive body (called board of directors), which is entrusted with the power of the company's management. The members of this executive body are usually represented by people outside of the company; the theory talks about professional, hired management, which is leading to a phenomenon called corporate governance. This diploma thesis not only contains chapters on the legal status of partners in the given types of corporations, it also includes a general interpretation of the terms private limited liability company and joint stock company. Only a correct representation of these terms can lead to an accurate understanding of the partner's legal status. Finally, there are also several comparative thoughts and tables, including some decisions of the business courts added at the end of the paper. Through the means of the above mentioned business court's decisions the author is attempting to demonstrate how the partner's rights and obligations are being performed in practice.

No description available.

This research focused on the personal experiences of both male and female victims of violent crimes. The aim of this research was to explore how indigenous Black South Africans understand and deal with victimisation. An African epistemology was used to help gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of the participants. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling strategy. Five participants were selected for this study. Data was collected using individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using content analysis. The results indicate that participants attributed varying meanings to their victimisation. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

A situação do meio ambiente de trabalho dos professores tem sido ignorada por legisladores e doutrinadores brasileiros. Em âmbito internacional, a dificuldade em advogar um ambiente saudável para os profissionais da docência também é verificada. É moderna a concepção que considera o educador um profissional trabalhador. Com o crescimento econômico, são ampliados os direitos de proteção do trabalhador (operário/categoria) no meio ambiente de trabalho, olvidando-se, entretanto, o reconhecimento de um ambiente sadio para os profissionais que se dedicam ao trabalho intelectual. E sabe-se que são muitas as doenças ocupacionais que acometem o professor, nos mais diferentes níveis do ensino. Desde 1983, a Organização Internacional do Trabalho aponta os professores como sendo a segunda categoria profissional, em nível mundial, a portar doenças de caráter ocupacional. O estresse que o acomete é considerado pela OIT não somente um fenômeno isolado, mas um risco ocupacional significativo da profissão . Em face da sociedade de risco, tais problemas tendem a um substancial agravamento. O Decreto 53.831/64 enquadrou a atividade docente como penosa. Faltam medidas paliativas e preventivas que garantam um meio ambiente de trabalho saudável para o exercício do magistério. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar as principais doenças ocupacionais que atingem o professor no meio ambiente de trabalho, de modo a identificar sua origem, para que seja possível a construção de uma proposta adequada de alternativas de precaução e prevenção de riscos à sadia qualidade de vida do docente em seu ambiente laboral. Meditar sobre as alternativas de soluções desse problema é também papel do Direito, pois o adoecimento dos professores, no exercício de sua função, representa o comprometimento do futuro da educação e, consequentemente, um perigo para o desenvolvimento social e sustentável do país. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-04T17:13:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Deise Vilma Webber.pdf: 1232730 bytes, checksum: 2670ce14877c2ef249b1ef4a8da01b9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T17:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Deise Vilma Webber.pdf: 1232730 bytes, checksum: 2670ce14877c2ef249b1ef4a8da01b9d (MD5) / The teacher´s environment work has been ignorated by the lawmakers and the Brazilian instructors. In an international scope there are so many difficulties to defend a healthy environment to the teachers and its modern the conception that the teacher is a professional worker. The economic increase enlarged the worker rights in the work environment, neglecting, meanwhile, the recognition of a healthy environment place to the workers who devote themselves to the intellectual work. There are many occupational diseases that attack the teachers in so many different levels of education. Since 1983, the International Labor Organization (OIL) indicates the teachers in the second place as the professional category who have been occupational diseases. The teachers are taken by a stress which it´s considered by the OIL not an isolated phenomenon, but a "significative occupational risk of the labor". The Decree 53.831/64 fit the labor´s teacher as fatigue, because there aren´t preventive ways to guarantee a healthy environmental work to practice the teacher´s labor. This research has the goal analyze the main occupational diseases which has been attacked the teacher in their environmental work and recognize its cause, to make possible the build of a new proposal of prevention an precaution ways of risks to the health quality of teacher lives in their environmental labor. The Law must try to solve this problem by alternatives because the teachers are sick in their work and this represents the worry with the future of education and a serious danger to the social and sustainable development of the country.

A situação do meio ambiente de trabalho dos professores tem sido ignorada por legisladores e doutrinadores brasileiros. Em âmbito internacional, a dificuldade em advogar um ambiente saudável para os profissionais da docência também é verificada. É moderna a concepção que considera o educador um profissional trabalhador. Com o crescimento econômico, são ampliados os direitos de proteção do trabalhador (operário/categoria) no meio ambiente de trabalho, olvidando-se, entretanto, o reconhecimento de um ambiente sadio para os profissionais que se dedicam ao trabalho intelectual. E sabe-se que são muitas as doenças ocupacionais que acometem o professor, nos mais diferentes níveis do ensino. Desde 1983, a Organização Internacional do Trabalho aponta os professores como sendo a segunda categoria profissional, em nível mundial, a portar doenças de caráter ocupacional. O estresse que o acomete é considerado pela OIT não somente um fenômeno isolado, mas um risco ocupacional significativo da profissão . Em face da sociedade de risco, tais problemas tendem a um substancial agravamento. O Decreto 53.831/64 enquadrou a atividade docente como penosa. Faltam medidas paliativas e preventivas que garantam um meio ambiente de trabalho saudável para o exercício do magistério. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar as principais doenças ocupacionais que atingem o professor no meio ambiente de trabalho, de modo a identificar sua origem, para que seja possível a construção de uma proposta adequada de alternativas de precaução e prevenção de riscos à sadia qualidade de vida do docente em seu ambiente laboral. Meditar sobre as alternativas de soluções desse problema é também papel do Direito, pois o adoecimento dos professores, no exercício de sua função, representa o comprometimento do futuro da educação e, consequentemente, um perigo para o desenvolvimento social e sustentável do país. / The teacher´s environment work has been ignorated by the lawmakers and the Brazilian instructors. In an international scope there are so many difficulties to defend a healthy environment to the teachers and its modern the conception that the teacher is a professional worker. The economic increase enlarged the worker rights in the work environment, neglecting, meanwhile, the recognition of a healthy environment place to the workers who devote themselves to the intellectual work. There are many occupational diseases that attack the teachers in so many different levels of education. Since 1983, the International Labor Organization (OIL) indicates the teachers in the second place as the professional category who have been occupational diseases. The teachers are taken by a stress which it´s considered by the OIL not an isolated phenomenon, but a "significative occupational risk of the labor". The Decree 53.831/64 fit the labor´s teacher as fatigue, because there aren´t preventive ways to guarantee a healthy environmental work to practice the teacher´s labor. This research has the goal analyze the main occupational diseases which has been attacked the teacher in their environmental work and recognize its cause, to make possible the build of a new proposal of prevention an precaution ways of risks to the health quality of teacher lives in their environmental labor. The Law must try to solve this problem by alternatives because the teachers are sick in their work and this represents the worry with the future of education and a serious danger to the social and sustainable development of the country.

Frauen- und Geschlechtergeschichte' untersucht die Rolle von Frauen in der Vergangenheit und der Geschichtsschreibung, hebt sie als Handelnde hervor und dekonstruiert die binäre Geschlechterordnung, die seit dem 19. Jahrhundert zunehmend Eingang in die Geschichtswissenschaft gefunden hat. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Genese dieser Disziplin in der Nachkriegszeit, ihren bis in die Gegenwart bestehenden emanzipatorischen Charakter sowie über die 'nützliche Kategorie Gender' (Scott) und ihre Interaktion mit anderen Wissensfeldern.