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Gender encounter during interactive market is indeed a dynamic aspect of a marketing that affects its’ outcome which is to seal sales. The dynamic implication gender encounter has brought about the researching of both same gender and cross gender encounter in this paper. The division and independent investigate of same gender and cross gender encounter had given a clear motive on the gender preference among male and female students towards same/cross gender encounter. In actualizing this purpose, quantitative approach was use while the realist is the explanatory grid which constructed arguments in a deductive manner. In fulfilling the quantitative approach criterion, an online survey was carried out among students at Mälardalen University. Online questionnaire were distributed through a convenient sampling method and 389 valid responses were analyzed. The results shows majority of students prefers same gender encounter to cross gender. Therefore for an interactive marketing section to be successful as regards to gender differences, same gender encounter should be considered.

The aim of this essay is to discuss the meaning of the human and its possible overcoming in Friedrich Nietzsche’s doctrine of the eternal recurrence of the same, with Martin Heidegger’s readings of Nietzsche as point of departure. According to Heidegger, Nietzsche’s doctrine of the eternal recurrence of the same represents the end of occidental metaphysical thinking. The thought concludes a thinking of being as the presence of beings, where the original question of being was never developed out of its own ground. But at the heart of this interpretation, often considered “violent”, lies the question of whether man is able to think being out of his finitude. This is the question I will unfold, through a reading of Nietzsche’s thought of the eternal recurrence of the same, as it is presented in his Thus spoke Zarathustra, as an attempt to think beings in their being beyond a “humanization” of them, expressed in transcendental aims, purposes and categories. This attempt, I argue, is essentially bound up with a comportment toward the human self as the finite and the corporal. In this sense the human being in its finitude and corporeality is thefocus and the basis for the search for “the overman”. But this focus on man, as he who can overcome himself, is at the same time a focus that canbe said to lead man away from himself, in not asking the deeper question about what it means to be this human being. I will furthermore consider the tragic as the theme where this question of the overcoming of the human comes to the fore; the dionysic-tragic reveals both a view of man as the being that is mastered by the abyss that underlies this world, and therefore mastered by his finitude - and as the being who can master this same abyss, in thinking it as one with the human self. The purpose is not to take a position for or against Heidegger’s reading, but to develop a discussion between Heidegger and Nietzsche about the human self as always being both the closed and the open, and about the ways in which human thinking can approach this.

Uppsatsens syfte var att nå en större teoretisk förståelse av samkönat partnervåld, genom att analysera olika forskningsartiklars narrativa konstruktioner av våldet. De två frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen samkönat partnervåld med fokus på temana relationsdynamik, karaktär hos parterna, kön, genus och sexualitet samt betydelsen av social kontext? 2. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen det professionella bemötandet av samkönat partnervåld? De 21 valda primärdokumenten som analyserats är artiklar som granskats vetenskapligt via peer-review och författats av forskare och professionella terapeuter och behandlare. Materialet har bearbetats utifrån en hermeneutisk ansats, socialkonstruktionism och psykodynamisk teori. Resultatet visade att individuella faktorer är av stor betydelse rörande relationens båda parter såväl som de professionella som i sin yrkesutövning träffar parterna. Det är dock nödvändigt att sätta både relationen och mötena med professionella i en social kontext för att nå en djupare och mer omfattande förståelse av samkönat partnervåld och de professionellas bemötande av våldet. En flerdimensionell analys, exempelvis en socialpsykologisk, verkar därför nödvändig. / The purpose of this study was to get a deeper theoretical understanding of same-sex partner violence by doing an analysis of the narrative constructions in research articles. The two questions at issue was: 1. How does research literature discuss same-sex partner violence with focus on relationship dynamics, the characteristics of the two parties, sex, gender and sexuality and the social context? 2. How does research literature discuss the professional treatment of same-sex partner violence? The 21 primary documents that were chosen are peer-reviewed articles written by researchers and professional therapists and counsellors. To investigate the narrative constructions the primary documents were analyzed with a hermeneutic approach, social constructionism and the psychodynamic theory. The research findings showed that individual factors are significant to the understanding of the violent relationships as well as the professionals who meet the relationships parties in their profession. It is, however, also necessary to put the relationship and the professionals in a social context to get a deeper and more extensive understanding of same-sex partner violence and the professionals treat of the parties. A multidimensional analysis, for example a social psychological one, therefore seems necessary.

Thesis supervisor: Michael S. Lewis-Beck. Thesis supervisor: David Redlawsk. Includes bibliographic references (p. 187-195).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-269).

San Antonio has the highest percentage of same-sex couples raising children compared to any other major metropolis in the nation. The unlikely emergence of San Antonio as a haven for same-sex parents is tied to many complex issues and themes – it touches on history, religion and race deep in the heart of Texas. Below its seemingly conservative surface, San Antonio has a decidedly liberal undercurrent: Its liberal legal system, a network of Catholic leaders quietly supports the gay families, and the Latino community that presents a tolerant side. The story explores the question: How can San Antonio have such high numbers of gay parents, but still be seen by gay parents as a hostile place to live? That seeming dichotomy speaks to the ongoing tension in the nation where liberals push for civil rights, while conservatives push to preserve traditional family values. The battles in the political, religious and cultural arenas in San Antonio exemplify the longstanding tug of war over family values in this country and might help us understand just what the future holds for same-sex couples in the rest of American society. / text

Increasingly, same-sex couples are choosing to become parents. According to Patterson (1992, cited in Mallon, 1997), it is estimated that in the United States of America alone, there are between six and 14 million children being raised by gay and lesbian couples. This study explored the experiences of same-sex parents as they moved through the adoption process, and once they had become parents. Two couples (a gay male couple and a lesbian couple) were interviewed. The study used an ecological theoretical framework in order to understand the myriad influences on the individuals' and couples' experiences. The Voice-Centred Relational Method (Mauthner & Doucet, cited in Ribbens & Edwards, 1998) was used to analyse the data qualitatively. Major themes that emerged from the data include the ways in which parents negotiate roles with partners, the impact of societal reactions (and heteronormativity) on the couples, the quality of relationships between family members and the influence that these had on the couples' experience of parenting. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

Le syst??me d???assistance ?? S??SAME ?? est une politique publique de sant?? en faveur des personnes ??g??es ex??cut??e depuis septembre 2006 au S??n??gal. La conduite de cette politique suscite, de plus en plus, un int??r??t particulier de la part des populations cibles, des d??cideurs, des planificateurs, des professionnels de la sant?? et des chercheurs. C???est dans cette perspective que cette ??tude de cas ?? vis??e exploratoire et descriptive fut men??e pour d??crire les tenants et les aboutissants du processus de mise en ??uvre du plan au Centre de g??riatrie et de g??rontologie de Ouakam et au Centre m??dicosocial de l???Institution de pr??voyance retraite du S??n??gal (IPRES), ?? Dakar. La d??marche m??thodologique adopt??e dans cette ??tude de type qualitatif est l?????valuation r??aliste avec l???approche CMO (context ??? mechanisms ??? outcomes) (Pawson and Tilley, 1997). Le but de l?????tude est de voir s???il existe des m??canismes diff??renci??s de prise en charge m??dicale des personnes ??g??es en fonction de leurs cat??gories d???appartenance et, le cas ??ch??ant, d???en identifier les caract??ristiques. La collecte des donn??es a ??t?? effectu??e par recherche documentaire, observation directe ainsi que par entrevues semi-structur??es r??alis??es aupr??s de dix participants au total, dont trois personnes ??g??es, quatre professionnels de la sant??, deux membres du bureau de la sant?? des personnes ??g??es et un dipl??m?? en g??rontologie. L???analyse de l???ensemble des donn??es a r??v??l?? que les m??canismes de mise en ??uvre du plan ??S??SAME ?? sont plus favorables aux retrait??s, et que ceux-ci en profitent plus que les personnes ??g??es ?? leurs propres frais (PAF), les retrait??s de l???IPRES davantage que les anciens fonctionnaires. De ce fait, l???ex??cution du plan ?? S??SAME ?? a permis la lev??e de la barri??re financi??re quant ?? l???acc??s et l???utilisation des services pour les usagers mais, elle a produit comme effet inattendu l???accentuation des iniquit??s socio??conomiques entre les retrait??s et les PAF : ceux qui en ont moins besoin en profitent plus que ceux qui sont plus dans le besoin, d???o?? toute l???importance de consid??rer la question de l?????quit?? dans la formulation et dans la mise en ??uvre des politiques publiques de sant??. Ainsi, il serait opportun, pour des ??tudes ult??rieures, de se pencher sur la probl??matique du ciblage pour la r??alisation d???une politique publique ??quitable, efficace, efficiente, et durable. Plan ???SESAME??? is a public health policy of assistance for the elderly implemented since 2006 in Senegal. Regarding the management of this policy, one can observe a growing interest among target populations, decision-makers, planners, health care professionals, and university researchers. In this perspective, the present exploratory and descriptive case study was conducted in order to identify and describe all the aspects of the process of implementation of Plan ???SESAME??? in both Centre de G??riatrie et de G??rontologie de Ouakam and Centre m??dico-social of the Institution de Pr??voyance Retraite du S??n??gal (IPRES), located in Dakar, Senegal. The methodological approach used in this qualitative study is the realistic evaluation approach (context-mechanisms-outcomes) developed by Pawson and Tilley (1997). The goal of this study is to determine if there are different mechanisms for the medical care of the elderly according to their membership category and, where needed, to identify the characteristics of these mechanisms. Data collection included a literature review, direct observation, and semi-structured interviews conducted with ten participants in all, that is three elderly persons, four health care professionals, two members of the Bureau des personnes ??g??es of the Direction de la Sant??, and one degree holder in gerontology. Data analysis showed that the mechanisms pertaining to the implementation of the Plan ???SESAME??? are more favorable to the retired persons, the retired persons benefit more from the policy than senior citizens supporting their own expenses, and the retired persons affiliated to IPRES benefit to a much greater extent from the plan than others retired civil servants. The implementation of the Plan ???SESAME??? removed the financial barriers commanding the access and utilization of the services authorized in the plan by the users, but it produced an unexpected side effect taking the form of an aggravation of socioeconomic inequities between retired persons and senior citizens supporting their own expenses, those having the lower needs benefiting more from the policy than those having the highest needs, hence the importance of taking into consideration equity issues in the implementation of public policies. For future research, it would be opportune to examine targeting issues in order to define a public policy that is equitable, effective, efficient, and sustainable.

Darbo objektas – pušų, eglių, beržų, alksnių medžių stiebai ir jų iš pagaminta apvaliosios medienos produkcija. Darbo tikslas – Išanalizuoti medienos tūrio skirtumus, kurie susidaro medienos apskaitai naudojant medžių stiebų su žieve tūrio, medžių tūrio struktūros ir rąstų tūrio lenteles. Darbo metodai – statistiniai, empiriniai. Darbo rezultatai. Atlikus tyrimus buvo gauna, kad stiebų tūrio lentelės vidutiniškai 2,2% didina visų medžių rūšių kartu paėmus stiebų su žieve tūrius. Stiebų tūrio lentelės vidutiniškai 4,4% didina pušų stiebų su žieve tūrį, ir 2,5% mažina juodalksnių stiebų su žieve tūrį. Tikrintų biržių imčių duomenys rodo, kad visų medžių rūšių kartu paėmus likvidikės medienos tūris, nustatytas pagal medžių tūrio struktūros lenteles, yra 3.5% padidintas. Vidutinis nelikvidinės medienos tūris bareliuose sudaro 15%. Rąstų tūrio lentelių tikslumas yra pakankamas apvalios medienos tūriui įvertinti. Tūrio skirtumo paklaida yra neesminė. Raktažodžiai: Stiebai, mediena, produkcija, tūrio skirtumai, žievė. / Work object - stems of pinus, picea, alnus and betula and from these produced round wood production. Work goal - to compare stems capacity of the same trees, which is evaluate by trees stems with bark tables with capacity, which is evaluated by compound Huber formula, by structure of trees capacity tables and by capacity of logs tables. Work methods – statisticals, empiricals. Work results – after research was noticed that tables of stems capacity increases all kinds of trees capacity including stems with bark about 2,2%. Tables of stems capacity about 4,4% increase volume of pinus stems with bark and about 2,5% reduce volume of alnus stems with bark. The material of checked plots shows that all kinds of trees liquidated wood capacity, which was evaluated by tables of trees capacity structure is increased 3.5%. Medium not commercial wood capacity in areas contains 15%. Accuracy of logs volume tables is unbiased.