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The purpose of this essay is to examine how same-sex couples experience the second-parent adoption process. To assist us, we have used our questions: how do the couples describe their experiences of the adoption process? Which are the couples’ stories about the experience of contact with the involved professionals? What are the opportunities and barriers for same-sex couples to start a family? How do the couples describe their experience of reactions from the community and society, and how do they think the future will look like for same-sex couples? This study has been achieved through a qualitative approach. The empirical data is based on seven semi-structured interviews with same-sex couples or pair members that want to or have had a second-parent adoption. The theory we have used for analyzing the results is phenomenology with focus on queer theory, heteronormativity, and power. We conclude that the couples’ experiences of the second-parent adoption process is that it is a long, time-consuming, and emotionally consuming process. They question why they have to go through with an adoption process. The couples think of it only as a legal security to their child. They have experienced varying treatment in the contact with professionals. The course of action has been different for all our seven couples: home insemination in Sweden, insemination at clinic in Denmark, and surrogacy in India. One clear result is that it is more difficult for gay men to start a family than for lesbians. The couples have mostly received positive responses and a lot of support from their surroundings. Despite that, they are worried about the negative view of homosexuality that is increasing in the world.

This thesis examines the abilities of constitutional mini-publics to make legitimate constitutions. Legitimacy in this thesis is defined as following the ideal of public reason. It is a quantitative study of the third weekend of the Irish Convention on the Constitution (a constitutional mini-public). They deliberated on and recommended amending the Constitution to allow same-sex marriage. Previous research into the legitimacy of constitutional mini-publics has been limited to studying their form, for example, participant selection or decision-making process. This thesis analyses the content of the deliberation. A series of theme analyses were performed to discover the reasons used. The reasons were categorised as public or nonpublic. The Convention on the Constitution justified all their decisions with public reasons. Showing constitutional mini-publics can make legitimate constitutions based on the ideal of public reason under the right circumstances.

Background. Intimate partner violence is a recognized public health issue, in which violence in same-sex relationships is included. Despite intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships being a somewhat growing area of research, we are still lacking knowledge about this problem.Aim. The overall aim was to investigate how Swedish police students perceive intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships.Method. 248 police students (69% males and 31% females) who were currently enrolled in the police education in Växjö read a vignette and answered a questionnaire. The vignettes portrayed an intimate relationship between two people and were available in four versions with the sex of the offender and victim being alternated. The questionnaire consisted of the instrument Opinions of Domestic Violence Scale, and additional questions constructed for this study. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to make comparisons between groups.Results. Same-sex IPV was perceived as less serious than victimization of a heterosexual female, but the case with a same-sex relationship with a female victim was perceived as more serious than victimization of a heterosexual male. Police intervention was not found to be needed to the same extent in the cases of same-sex IPV as in the case with a heterosexual female victim.Discussion. The perceptions of same-sex IPV as less serious and not in as much need of police intervention as a case involving a heterosexual female victim, may have implications for how these victims are handled by the police. The perceptions of who constitutes a true victim of intimate partner violence may be of importance when decisions are made by police officers.

For years, researchers, clinicians, and those working with victims/survivors of domestic abuse have overlooked the issue of same-sex partner aggression among lesbians and bisexual women. Through in-depth interviews with 19 women who identify themselves as either lesbian or bisexual, information was documented in this study demonstrating the severity of issues of power and control among some same-sex partners, as well as some if the dynamics that are unique to same-sex abusive relationships. Patterns of abuse within same-sex relationships often mirror those that are so commonly associated with partner aggression among heterosexual couples, and therefore demonstrate not only the need for further research on the topic of same-sex partner abuse, but also the urgency to provide more assistance to the victims/survivors of domestic violence.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2012) reported that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects approximately 4.8 million females and 2.8 million males in their intimate relationships each year. Past research (e.g., Fanslow, Robinson, Crengle, & Perese, 2010; Foshee et al., 1996; Foshee et al., 2009) on IPV solely evaluated prevalence rates and factors within opposite-sex relationships; however, IPV within lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals' relationships exists at equal, if not higher, rates compared to their heterosexual counterparts (Alexander, 2008; McKenry, Serovich, Mason, & Mosak, 2006). Subsequently, a gap in research existed on violence in LGBTQ individuals' samesex relationships and the need existed for further exploration of IPV within same-sex couples (McKenry et al., 2006; Turell, 2000). The purpose of this study was an examination of the relationships among victimization rates (Victimization in Dating Relationships [VDR] and Safe Dates-Psychological Abuse Victimization [SD-PAV]), perpetration rates (Perpetration in Dating Relationships [PDR] and Safe Dates-Psychological Abuse Perpetration [SD-PAP]), and attitudinal acceptance of IPV (Acceptance of Couple Violence [ACV]) among LGBTQ college students. The specific goals of the study were to (a) identify the IPV victimization rates and perpetration rates among LGBTQ college students, and (b) examine the attitudinal acceptance of IPV in LGBTQ college students. The statistical analyses used to examine the four research questions and seven subsequent hypotheses included (a) Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and (b) Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The results identified that significant mean differences (p < .01; ŋ 2 P = .16) existed between females and males in their reported levels of victimization and perpetration, suggesting a large effect size with biological sex accounting for 16% of the variance across the four victimization and perpetration variables. Specifically, females self-reported higher levels of psychological and emotional victimization compared to males (p < .01; ŋ 2 P = .05), suggesting that females in same-sex relationships reported greater psychological abuse from their female partners. In addition, results identified significant mean differences between males and females in their levels of attitudinal acceptance of IPV (p < .01; ŋ 2 P = .13), suggesting a medium effect size that biological sex accounted for 13% of the variance in attitudinal acceptance of IPV scores. In considering gender expression, results from the study identified that in females and males, those self-identifying with greater amounts of masculinity reported an increased amount of victimization and perpetration (p < .01; ŋ 2 P = .15). The results identified a large effect size in that 15% of the variance in victimization and perpetration rates were accounted for by the interaction of biological sex and gender expression. Furthermore, in females and males, those self-identifying with greater amounts of masculinity reported higher levels of attitudinal acceptance of IPV (p < .01; ŋ 2 P = .12). The results identified a medium effect size in that 12% of the variance in attitudinal acceptance of IPV was accounted for by the interaction of biological sex and gender expression. In regards to a history of childhood abuse and witnessing parental IPV, participants with a history of child abuse and a history of witnessing parental IPV did not differ in their levels of victimization, perpetration, or attitudinal acceptance of IPV from those without a history of childhood abuse and witnessing parental IPV. Finally, variables such as (a) biological sex, (b) gender expression, (c) past childhood abuse, (d) witnessing parental IPV, (e) v VDR, (f) SD-PAV, (g) PDR, and (h) SD-PAP predicted attitudinal acceptance of IPV in this LGBTQ college student sample. The results identified that linear composite of these eight predictor variables predicted 93% (R 2 = .93) of the overall variance in participants' attitudinal acceptance of IPV total score (p < .01). Overall, the results identified that females reported higher levels of psychological victimization meaning that a female LGBTQ college student potentially experiences more risk of becoming a victim in a relationship. In addition, results identified that LGBTQ college students identifying as masculine present a potentially greater risk for both victimization and perpetration in their same-sex relationships. Self-identifying masculine LGBTQ college students reported greater amounts of acceptance of same-sex IPV, which possibly explains the lack of IPV reports from these college students. Finally, the results identified that individual and family-of-origin factors do, in fact, predict LGBTQ college students' levels of attitudinal acceptance of IPV. In other words, an LGBTQ college students' biological sex, gender expression, past childhood experiences, victimization rates, and perpetration rates all relate to the prediction of their attitudes about IPV. Implications for future research included the need to further examine college students engaging either in an opposite-sex or same-sex relationship, exploring the relationships between masculinity and femininity in their reported levels of victimization, perpetration, and attitudinal acceptance of IPV. The need to replicate this study exists in order to ensure inclusiveness of individuals across all sexual orientations and gender identities in college students. In addition, several significant findings from this study further substantiate the need for continued research in the area of same-sex IPV, especially utilizing a sample of LGBTQ college students, to inform (a) clinical assessment in college counseling clinics and community agencies, (b) IPV protocol development, and (c) culturally sensitive, modified intervention based on the current findings.

Thanks to the wide range of features offered by the World Wide Web (WWW), many web applications have been published and developed through different libraries and programming languages. Adapting to new changes, the Web quickly evolved into a complex ecosystem, introducing many security problems to its users. To solve these problems, instead of re-designing the Web, the vendors added the security patches (protocols, mechanisms)to the Web platform to provide a more convenient and more secure environment for web users. However, not only did these patches not completely resolve the security problems, but their implementations also introduced other security risks unbeknownst to website operators and users. In this thesis, I propose a novel research on two different security patches to understand and analyze their deployment in real-world scenarios and discover the unseen, neglected factors and the elements involved in exploiting their use: one security protocol, OAuth, and one security mechanism, CORS. As this thesis is based on offensive approaches, I develop automated methodologies, including novel strategies for analyzing and measuring the security qualities of the OAuth protocol and CORS mechanism in real-world scenarios.

Denna kvalitativa översiktsstudie har som syfte att övergripande undersöka våld i nära relation när det kommer till samkönade par. Genom en narrativ syntes identifierades ett antal teman som analyserades med hjälp av ett Queerteoretiskt ramverk och med genusperspektivet i åtanke. Under analysen framgick att det fanns likheter med det våld som förekommer i heterosexuella relationernär det kommer till utsatthet, förlopp och våldets natur. Orsakerna till våld och möjligheten till att söka stöd och hjälp kompliceras dock till följd av heteronormativa ideal, där extern homofobi och fördomar internaliseras och leder till spänningar och våld i relationen. Vidare upplevde deltagarna att den allmänna uppfattningen om vem som är offer och förövare inte passar in på verkliga narrativet och att organisationer som arbetar med våldsfrågor saknar kunskap om hbtq- personers specifika behov. HBTQ-personer är en bred och svår målgrupp att fånga in när det kommer till våld i nära relation vilket genomsyrar forskningen i stort såväl som den här studien. / The purpose of this qualitative overview study is to examine overall violence in close relationships when it comes to same-sex couples. Through a narrative synthesis, a number of themes were identified that were analyzed using a Queer theoretical framework and with the gender perspective in mind. The analysis showed that there were similarities with the violence that occurs in heterosexual relationships when it comes to vulnerability, course and the nature of violence. However, the causes of violence and the ability to seek support and help are complicated by heteronormative ideals, where external homophobia and prejudice are internalized and lead to tensions and violence in the relationship. Furthermore, the participants experienced that the general perception of who are the victims and perpetrators does not fit into the real narrative and that organizations that work with issues of violence lack knowledge about the specific needs of LGBTQ people.

Bakgrund: Arbetsmiljön för renskötande samer klassas som ett av de mest farliga yrken som finns i Sverige, men ändå trots det väldigt lite forskat om. I yrket är det en hög förekomst av problem i rörelseapparaten med smärta i samtliga kroppsdelar, relaterat till arbetsmiljön. Rennäringen har under de senaste årtionden genomgått en mekaniseringsprocess, där stora och nya krav på renskötarens kropp ställs, samtidigt som kravet på den ekonomiska avkastningen ökat, med ökad stress som följd. Syfte: Syftet med denna webbenkätundersökning var att utforska arbetsmiljö och förekomst av arbetsrelaterade skador och sjukdomar hos samiska renskötare i en fjällsameby. Metod: En digital webbenkät skickades till 77 samebymedlemmar inom en fjällsameby. Resultat: Jag fann att renskötarna i (n=20) i fjällsamebyn hade mest besvär i ländrygg/korsrygg 56 % därefter halsrygg/nacke 55 %, handleder/händer 22 %, fotleder/fötter 22 %, knän 17 %, axlar/skuldror 16 %, höfter 6 % och armbågar 0 %. "övriga sjukdomar" förekommer mer sparsamt. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis har undersökningen visat att renskötare i Norrbotten har besvär i rörelseapparaten. ser jag att besvären i halsrygg/nacke och ländrygg/korsrygg fortsätter vara höga. Vid en jämförelse med tidigare forskning över en 30-års period ser jag att besvären i halsrygg/nacke och ländrygg/korsrygg fortsätter vara höga. Medan besvären i övriga kroppsdelar minskat. Tidigare studier och renskötarnas förslag till förändring har inte fått genomslag ännu. Ytterligare forskning om samerna och hälsa behövs för att säkerhetsställa patientcentrerad fysioterapi med kulturell kompetens.

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