Abstract This ethnological bachelor level essay investigates how suicide is looked upon amongst the Sámi people (in Sweden) from cultural perspectives. The subject is studied by interviewing ten respondents who have experienced suicide in their closeness, mainly within their family at some point between 1980- 2020. Most respondents and all their deceased relatives are of Sámi origin.  The study found that suicide has occurred amongst people with vastly different living conditions, all over the Swedish parts of Sápmi. The deceased consists of 7 men and 3 women, ages 20 – 60. The study analysis focuses upon how the respondents explain their relative’s mental ill-health and suicide, because from an ethnologic perspective a lot of knowledge about the cultural understanding of suicide can be found within their model of explanation.  The results of the study show that the respondents first explanation on the direct question vary widely, it can be mental illness, alcoholism as well as a fragile persona. But by analysing the explanation in it´s cultural context a more complex picture evolves, where their shared experiences as Sámi occur. The study found potential reasons for mental ill-health amongst the Sami such as different postcolonial scars that still today occur in many contexts, ethnic discrimination as well as other difficulties as a minority population. The main issue why Sámi who experience mental ill-health do not seek professional help nor help from within their own group is explained by a tradition of silence within the Sámi culture.

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The Thesis aims to explore the problem of Freedom and Creativity in Nietzsche. It attempts to do so in respect to the two main concepts of his high and late writings. Concept of Superman and concept of the Eternal recurrence of the same. In this respect our text follows especially interpretations of Martin Heidegger. We begin our treatise with situating Nietzsche's concept of freedom among more traditional thought and we put emphasis on comparison of it to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. In the next phase we reject (with Martin Heidegger and Ivan Dubský) simplifying understanding of the Eternal reccurence which understands it as dull determinism. We also analyse the topic of Creativity in Nietzsche and introduce it as fundamental anthropological theme. In the following chapters we identify certain moods that allow us to experience perspective of the Eternal reccurence and the one of Superman, which gives us chance to understand both concepts in their connection. But this connection remains enigmatic and in the last chapter we try, with help of Kierkegaard's concept of the moment, to understand both thoughts in their complementarity not only united in the concept of creativity, but also through Nietzsche's concept of the moment, understood as the original understanding of one of the aspects of...

Scholarly research on the subject of the swift pace of change in support for same-sex marriage has evolved significantly over the last ten years. The shift has gone beyond the scholarship's initial description amongst demographic groups on how opinion has changed on gay rights issues, like same-sex marriage, to an examination of why the change has occurred. A great deal of the initial research on the topic seemed to focus on demographic traits that suggested a greater propensity toward support for same-sex marriage as time went on. Is the existent literature sufficient to explain why such a dramatic change in public opinion has occurred in the United States? My goal in this paper is to explore the plausibility that electoral events and the public dialogue/debate that surround them have accelerated the impact described in the four predominant theories, cohort succession, contact theory, intracohort theory, and media exposure. This paper includes three separate hypotheses to explore the possible connections between efforts to restrict gay rights at the ballot box and the ever-increasing support for same-sex marriage in public opinion polls. The results provide some preliminary indication that there are plausible connections between individual statewide efforts to restrict gay rights and increases in national public opinion support for same-sex marriage. The first analysis examines electoral events concerning gay rights in states where these issues have faced voters most frequently; California, Maine, and Oregon. The first hypotheses posits a potential connection between exposure to gay rights at the ballot box and greater support for gay rights in subsequent elections concerning gay rights in the same state. No clear or consistent pattern of support emerges for successive electoral measures concerning gay rights where voters have been previously exposed to gay rights question in an electoral context. The second analysis explores national public opinion support for same-sex marriage as statewide ballot measures increase in popularity across the United States. The second hypotheses posits a connection between an increase in statewide electoral events concerning questions of same-sex marriage and an increase in national public opinion support for same-sex marriage with state-to-nation diffusion occurring and prodding upward national public opinion support for same-sex marriage simultaneously. The hypotheses is confirmed by data that suggests as election events on same-sex marriage increase across the United States at the state level, so too increases national public opinion support for same-sex marriage. The third analysis explores the rate of change in support for legal same-sex marriage across the three states where gay rights referenda and ballot initiatives have been most frequent; it posits that in states where voters have greater familiarity with gay rights at the ballot because of previous exposure to them, their support will be greater over time than public opinion measured in other states that have similar political cultures but have not faced the same level of electoral activity on gay rights. The final hypothesis is inconclusive because of the fluid nature of the same-sex marriage debate in the universe of states within the United States. States are handling this salient issue in a number of ways; some legislatures now seem to be taking steps to legalize same-sex marriage statutorily; others may take no action to propel the provision of same-sex marriage equality or end constitutional bans on the practice; while another group of states are leaving activists to litigate the policy in Federal courts or shift the debate toward statewide popular votes on the issue of authorizing same-sex marriage at the ballot box via ballot initiative or referendum.

Samkönade individer exkluderas i vardagliga sammanhang utefter sexualitetens normer. I föreliggande studie var syftet att få en fördjupad förståelse av hur samkönade föräldrar upplever bemötandet inom förskola/skola och vården. Studien är uppbyggd av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjufrågor där fem kvinnor samt fem män deltagit. Under tolkningsprocessen användes en tematisk analys. I resultatet presenteras respondenternas upplevelser av bemötandet inom förskola/skola och vården mestadels positivt, dock finns det specifika sammanhang där respondenterna upplevt obekväma situationer. Flera av respondenterna nämner att personalen behöver ha ett mer normkritiskt arbetssätt för att på så vis inkludera alla i bemötandet. Respondenterna upplever att de obekväma situationerna uppstår på grund av kunskapsbrist och att personalen är i behov av kompetensutveckling.Resultatet visar att respondenterna är trygga i sig själva och har utvecklats positivt enligt identitetsprocessen därför lägger de ingen större vikt i ett sämre bemötande samt hur samhällets normer påverkar individens självkänsla när de avviker från det som anses vara normalt. Diskussionen handlar om hur och varför sociala kategoriseringar bildas samt varför de existerar. En slutsats är att klimatet för samkönade individer är öppet men att heteronormen är starkt implementerat i samhällets strukturer och kan skapa exkludering. / Same-sex parents often feel excluded in everyday contexts due to the norms of sexuality. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how same-sex parents experience treatment in preschool/school and healthcare. The study is based on a qualitative method with semistructured interview questions where five women and five men participated. The interviews have been thematically analyzed. The result presents the respondents' experiences of treatment in preschool/school and healthcare as mostly positive, while some respondents experienced uncomfortable situations in specific contexts. Several of the respondents mention the need for a more norm-critical approach among employees in preschool/school and healthcare in order to include all parents. The study further states that the respondents are confident in themselves and have developed positively pursuant to the identity process, and thus do not lay much importance in inferior treatment and do not experience that a deviation from societal norms have much impact on the individual's selfesteem. The discussion addresses the creation of social categorization and why it still exists in preschool/school and healthcare. One conclusion of this study is that the climate for same sex parents today is considered to be open albeit the heteronormativity is strongly implemented in preschool/school and healthcare which can create exclusion.

Plusieurs jeunes ressentent de l’anxiété à l’école et cela a un effet négatif sur leur bien-être. À l’adolescence, les jeunes tendent à adopter les mêmes comportements que ceux de leurs pairs. Sachant qu’en moyenne les élèves passent 923 heures par année entourés de leurs collègues de classe, la présente étude 1) a évalué si une association existe entre le niveau d’anxiété d’état d’un élève et le niveau d’anxiété de trait des collègues de classe et 2) a examiné si cette association était différente pour les garçons et les filles ainsi que pour les élèves de niveau primaire (10-12 ans) et secondaire (15-17 ans). Pendant deux années scolaires consécutives, 1044 élèves canadiens (59% filles) de six écoles primaires et de sept écoles secondaires ont rempli un questionnaire mesurant l’anxiété d’état et l’anxiété de trait. Des analyses multiniveaux ont montré que l’anxiété d’état des filles était liée uniquement à l’anxiété de trait des autres filles de la classe (b= 0.40, p < .001). Cet effet était similaire pour les filles de l’école primaire et de l’école secondaire (b = 0.07, p = .27). En revanche, aucun effet n’a été obtenu chez les garçons, autant pour les pairs de même sexe (b = 0.11, p = .25) que ceux de sexe opposé (b = -0.01, p = 1.00). Ces résultats suggèrent que les filles et les garçons réagissent différemment à l’anxiété de leurs pairs. Des études futures devraient confirmer ces résultats et étudier les mécanismes sous-jacents à cette différence de sexe. / Many teens report experiencing anxiety in school, which can reduce their well-being. During adolescence, teens tend to adopt the same behaviors as their peers. Considering that adolescents spend on average 923 hours every year surrounded by their classmates, the current exploratory study (1) assessed if an association exists between a student’s state anxiety score and classmates’ average trait anxiety scores and (2) examined whether this association differed for boys and girls, as well as for elementary school and high school students. During two consecutive school years, 1044 Canadian students (59% girls) from six elementary schools (aged 10-12) and seven high schools (aged 15-17) completed a questionnaire assessing state and trait anxiety. Multilevel analyses revealed that a girl’s level of state anxiety was associated only with the trait anxiety of the girls in the same classroom (b = 0.40, p < .001). This effect was similar for elementary and high school girls (b = 0.07, p = .27). Interestingly, no association was found for boys, same-sex peers (b = 0.11, p = .25), or opposite-sex peers (b = -0.01, p = 1.00). Our results suggest that girls and boys react differently to the anxiety of their peers. Future studies should confirm these results and explore the mechanisms involved in this sex-specific difference.

Same-sex marriage is a subject that has been heavily discussed and argued since the concept of marriage came into existence. Marriage is a relationship that most American citizens are entitled to although it is not yet a fundamental right. As of a very recent court decision, Strawser v. Strange, Civil Action No. 14-0424-CG-C1 finalized on February 9, 2015, Alabama has legalized same-sex marriage; furthermore, thirty-seven states now recognize the legality of same-sex marriage. Marriage, whether it is between a heterosexual or a homosexual couple, should be a fundamental right enjoyed by all. This thesis will explain why same-sex marriage should be a fundamental right. The research presented in this thesis will be scrutinized and thoroughly examined showing the obstacles that same-sex couples face when wanting to legally marry. The United States Constitution, the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause will be analyzed and discussed to prove that all fifty states should allow same-sex couples to wed. Citizens view what constitutes a marriage differently depending on their upbringing and residence. This thesis will illustrate why same-sex marriage has been such a widely discussed topic, and it will investigate the influence of religion and the church. Historically, the tradition of marriage has always been between one man and one woman. By examining how the tradition of marriage is changing and using case law decisions, an argument can be formed that marriage should be a fundamental right for all people.

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