Title: Excercise regimen in active seniors Aim: This thesis sets out to find out wheher the active elderly people follow guidance of general recommnedations for the excercise regimen designed for them. I'm trying to find out whether the frequency of excercise changes through positive biosocial variables. Secondary goals of the research are monitoring the activity preferences and the level of health condition of the elderly. The last secondary goal of the research is measuring the condition of their muscular apparatus with the help of a hand grip (hand squeezing test), that reflects to a great degree the physical ability of a person. Methods: In this thesis specialist publications were researched, content analysis of a survey was perfomed and a comparison of found results has been carried out. Results: The results for fulfilling the recommended excercise regimen by the active elderly population have been confirmed. The effect of some positive biosocial variables has been confirmed, albeit not all of them. We found out what excercise activities are preferred by our elderly and the test for their muscular strenght was performed to find that the elderly people, visiting fitness centers regularly are stronger than the rest of elderly population. Keywords: age, elderly, seniority, excercise activity,...

As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.

This thesis is focused on frailty in old age. The frailty syndrome is the newest geriatric syndrome and can be aptly called the ultimate geriatric syndrome due to the complexity of its causes and the wide range of adverse outcomes it may lead to in older persons. Several of the important correlates of frailty, namely falls, underweight and sarcopenia, are discussed in the context of their relationship with frailty. These entities are geriatric syndromes in their own rights, sharing many common risk factors and arriving at adverse health outcomes either directly or via the pathway of frailty. In the publications that arose from this work, the risk factors of falls, in particular the relationship between medications and chronic diseases in causing falls; risk factors and outcomes of sarcopenia, in particular its relation to diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases; and how underweight poses survival risks in both community-living and institutionalized older people, are discussed. The final publication of this series of studies demonstrated the reversibility of the frailty syndrome, showing that not all who were in the pre-frailty stage will decline. Risk factors associated with improvement or decline in the pre-frail stage were identified in the local population, and a period of relative stability opened for possible interventions was observed. This thesis thus examines the complex interplay of these syndromes in old age. It is hoped that these publications will enable further research into the underlying mechanisms of frailty and to elucidate modifiable risk factors, hence enabling older people, in particular those in the pre-frail stage, to live healthier and longer lives. / Lee Shun Wah Jenny. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, September, 2016).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 424910.pdf: 8819126 bytes, checksum: 343a796019090b4026f34fd8be325684 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-03 / INTRODU??O: A popula??o mundial est? envelhecendo. No processo fisiol?gico do envelhecimento, a perda de massa (sarcopenia) e for?a muscular nos idosos ? respons?vel pela redu??o de mobilidade, aumento da incapacidade funcional e depend?ncia f?sica nesta popula??o. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os ganhos de for?a e massa muscular em idosos independentes em um protocolo de resist?ncia, utilizando cintas el?sticas (grupo 1) e pesos e caneleiras (grupo 2). PACIENTES E M?TODOS: Estudo experimental com delineamento longitudinal. A amostra do estudo foi constitu?da por 43 sujeitos. A aplica??o do protocolo foi executada na seguinte ordem: a) avalia??o inicial (medidas antropom?tricas, bioimped?ncia, caracter?sticas s?cio-demogr?ficas, h?bitos de vida, patologias, hereditariedade, medica??es, testes de for?a); b) per?odo de adapta??o neuromuscular; c) protocolos de resist?ncia visando ganho de for?a; d) avalia??o final. A amostra foi estratificada, randomicamente, em dois grupos: grupo 1 cintas el?sticas (n = 21) e grupo 2 halteres e caneleiras (n = 22). Adotou-se um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. As associa??es entre as vari?veis categ?ricas e o grupo de pesquisa foram analisadas por meio do Teste de Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher. As vari?veis quantitativas na condi??o inicial ou basal foram comparadas por meio do Teste t de Student. A ANOVA com medidas repetidas foi utilizada para comparar os resultados dos protocolos de resist?ncia nos dois momentos da investiga??o (inicial e final) entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos foram homog?neos com rela??o ?s vari?veis de interesse da pesquisa na condi??o basal. Houve diferen?as significativas (p<0,05) entre os dois momentos do ensaio para as seguintes vari?veis: di?metro da coxa, cintura, dobras cut?neas, percentagem de gordura, percentagem de massa livre de gordura corporal, peso massa livre de gordura corporal, peso massa de gordura corporal, ?gua corporal, teste de sentar e levantar e teste de for?a de bra?o. N?o foram observadas diferen?as entre os resultados dos dois protocolos de resist?ncia. 8 CONCLUS?O: Os exerc?cios de resist?ncia, realizados com cintas el?sticas e pesos tradicionais, mostram-se eficazes na recupera??o da perda de massa muscular e no aumento da for?a muscular em idosos independentes.

La sarcopénie ou perte involontaire progressive de la masse musculaire chez le sujet âgé s’accompagne de l’altération de nombreux phénomènes physiologiques comparables à ceux observés chez les myopathes. Le processus de régénération musculaire est très ralenti, les activités protéolytiques intracellulaires sont modifiées et de nombreuses fonctions cellulaires sont perturbées en raison d’un stress oxydatif incontrôlé. L’intervention des calpaïnes, protéases neutres calcium-dépendantes, dans les processus associés au développement, à la régénération et à l’intégrité du tissu musculaire est incontestable. Les calpaïnes apparaissent, en effet, comme des acteurs clefs des voies de transductions liées à la myogenèse, la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Toutefois aucune étude permettant d’établir la relation vieillissement du tissu musculaire- activité calpaïne n’a été entreprise à ce jour. Le projet a donc pour but principal d’inventorier les signaux pro-sarcopéniques interagissant avec les calpaïnes et d’établir leurs relations avec la fonctionnalité des cellules satellites, le stress oxydant et l’apoptose. Nous avons mis en évidence une augmentation de l’expression/activité des calpaïnes durant le vieillissement musculaire chez le rat et identifié des partenaires des calpaïnes impliqués dans des fonctions physiologiques altérées durant la sarcopénie: homéostasie calcique, activité contractile, production d’ATP, régénération musculaire. Nous avons également montré que l’induction d’un stress oxydant entraîne l’activation des calpaïnes au cours de la prolifération des cellules satellites de façon corrélée à une augmentation de l’apoptose. D’une manière intéressante, un traitement préventif par un antioxydant naturel d’écorce de pin (Oligopin®) est capable de prévenir à la fois l’apoptose et l’activation des calpaïnes. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que le stress oxydant associé au vieillissement induirait des mécanismes calpaïno-dépendants responsables de l’altération de processus essentiels à la fonction musculaire. / Aging is associated with a progressive and involuntary loss of muscle mass also known as sarcopenia. This condition represents a major public health concern. Although sarcopenia is well documented, the molecular mechanisms of this condition still remain unclear. The calcium-dependent proteolytic system is composed of calcium dependent cystein-proteases named calpains. Calpains are involved in a large number of physiological processes such as muscle growth and differentiation, and pathological conditions such as muscular dystrophies. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of the proteolytic system in the phenotype associated with sarcopenia by identify the key proteins (substrates or regulators) interacting with calpains during muscle aging and identify pro-sarcopenic signals after oxidative stress induction in satellite cells. Muscle aging was correlated with the up-regulation of calpain activity. Ryanodine receptor 1, ATP synthase subunit alpha and alpha actinin 3 appear as key partners of calpains during muscle aging. Such interactions suggest an implication of calpains in many processes altered during aging including cytoskeletal disorganisation, regulation of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, oxidative stress induction led to an increase in the activity of calpains correlated to an increase in apoptosis of proliferating satellite cells. In a very interesting way, a preventive treatment with a commercial antioxidant (Oligopin®) prevented these effects. All these data suggest that oxidative stress coupled observed during muscle aging could lead to calpaïno-dependent mechanisms responsible for apoptosis and muscle dysorganisation.

As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-25T11:59:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJR.pdf: 2471700 bytes, checksum: 1cec0d156c66d81384b97543e61cdf97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T19:06:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJR.pdf: 2471700 bytes, checksum: 1cec0d156c66d81384b97543e61cdf97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T19:06:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJR.pdf: 2471700 bytes, checksum: 1cec0d156c66d81384b97543e61cdf97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T19:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJR.pdf: 2471700 bytes, checksum: 1cec0d156c66d81384b97543e61cdf97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Não recebi financiamento / Introduction: As we age, human body goes through several important physiological changes, especially in women after menopause, during which estrogen levels are declining, causing changes in mitochondrial function both in skeletal muscle and brain. Menopause is mimicked experimentally by a technique called ovariectomy, that causes some alterations in rats, such as the loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia); however studies have demonstrated that loss of age-related muscle is a different process from strength loss. Whereas the loss of muscle strength is dissociated from this condition, it was renamed as dinapenia. Resistance Training (RT) has beneficial effects on postmenopausal women, but is not well established in the literature the possible effects of RT on mitochondrial function of the cerebral motor cortex and skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption) in tissue biopsy of the prefrontal cortex and vastus lateralis muscle (VL) in rats. Materials and Methods: were used 40 adult female rats divided into 4 experimental groups (Sham-SED, Sham- TR, OVX-SED and OVX-TR). The ovariectomy was performed at 13 weeks. The Resistance Training (RT) proposed was the climb stairs model, and held for 13 weeks. The masses of the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Retus Femoralis (RF) were analyzed after sacrifice, which took place 48 hours after the last training session. Oxygen consumption and mitochondrial respiratory parameters were performed on tissue biopsy of the prefrontal cortex and the vastus lateralis (VL) by technique of High Resolution Respirometry (Oroboros®). Results: it was found decreased muscle mass (VL and RF), as well as the cerebellum in OVX-SED group compared to other groups (p <0.05). TR prevented the loss of muscle and cerebelar mass. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was decreased in OVX-SED group compared to the other experimental groups (p <0.05), effect once again prevented by TR. Conclusion: ovariectomy produced mitochondrial dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and VL, deleterious effect prevented by RT. / A medida em que envelhecemos, o corpo humano passa por várias alterações fisiológicas importantes, especificamente em mulheres na pós-menopausa, período em que os níveis de estrogênio estão em declínio, provocando alterações na função mitocondrial tanto do músculo esquelético quanto do cérebro. A menopausa é mimetizada experimentalmente por uma técnica chamada ovariectomia, que provoca essas alterações em ratas, como a perda de massa muscular (sarcopenia), no entanto estudos têm demonstrado que essa perda de massa muscular relacionada à idade é um processo distinto da perda de força. Considerando que a perda de força muscular está dissociada dessa condição, passou a ser denominada como dinapenia. O treinamento resistido (TR) possui efeitos benéficos na pós-menopausa, porém ainda não está bem estabelecido na literatura os possíveis efeitos do TR sobre a função mitocondrial do córtex motor cerebral e músculo esquelético de ratas ovariectomizadas. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos da ovariectomia e do treinamento resistido sobre a função mitocondrial (consumo de oxigênio) em biópsia tecidual do córtex motor pré-frontal e músculo Vasto Lateral (VL) em ratas. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 40 ratas Wistar adultas, distribuídas em 4 grupos experimentais (Sham-SED, Sham-TR, OVX-SED e OVX-TR). A ovariectomia foi realizada com 13 semanas. O Treinamento Resistido (TR) proposto foi o modelo de subida em escada, e realizado por 13 semanas. As massas do córtex pré-frontal, cerebelo, Vasto Lateral (VL) e Reto Femoral (RF) foram analisadas após o sacrifício, que aconteceu 48h após o último treino. O consumo de oxigênio e os parâmetros respiratórios mitocondriais foram realizados em biópsia tecidual do córtex pré-frontal e do músculo Vasto Lateral (VL) por meio da técnica de Respirometria de Alta Resolução (Oroboros®). Resultados: foi encontrado diminuição da massa muscular do VL e RF, bem como do cerebelo no grupo OVX-SED comparado aos outros grupos (p<0,05). O TR preveniu essa perda da massa muscular e cerebelar. O consumo de oxigênio apresentou-se diminuído no grupo OVX-SED em comparação aos outros grupos experimentais (p<0,05), efeito novamente prevenido pelo TR. Conclusão: A ovariectomia produziu disfunção mitocondrial no córtex pré-frontal e no VL, efeito deletério prevenido pelo TR.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-21T17:42:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Jessica_Harter.pdf: 1233143 bytes, checksum: e27ca0964d1677826ae888e479e50b70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-21T20:14:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Jessica_Harter.pdf: 1233143 bytes, checksum: e27ca0964d1677826ae888e479e50b70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-21T20:14:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Jessica_Harter.pdf: 1233143 bytes, checksum: e27ca0964d1677826ae888e479e50b70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T20:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Jessica_Harter.pdf: 1233143 bytes, checksum: e27ca0964d1677826ae888e479e50b70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Sem bolsa / A desnutrição é frequente no paciente oncológico e pode ter grande impacto no prognóstico. Assim, o uso de medidas capazes de detectar precocemente alterações no estado nutricional e funcional se torna importante. Portanto, o presente estudo buscou avaliar o ângulo de fase, a força do aperto de mão e a sarcopenia como fatores prognósticos de morbimortalidade pós-operatória em uma amostra de pacientes oncológicos. A coleta de dados ocorreu no Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas/EBSERH entre os meses de novembro de 2015 a maio de 2016. O ângulo de fase foi obtido através de teste de bioimpedância elétrica e para as análises foi padronizado, ou seja, ajustado para sexo e idade. A força do aperto de mão foi obtida por dinamômetro hidráulico. O diagnóstico de sarcopenia seguiu os critérios estabelecidos pelo European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. O estado nutricional foi avaliado através da Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente. Foram considerados desfechos as complicações pós-operatórias e a internação prolongada. A classificação das complicações foi feita através da Classificação de complicações cirúrgicas de Clavien-Dindo e o tempo de internação foi separado em tercis para definir o que seria considerado tempo de internação prologando, que ficou definido como internação por um período maior ou igual a oito dias. A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 60 pacientes. A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 28,3% e a de sarcopenia foi de 16,9%. O ângulo de fase foi significativamente menor entre os pacientes que apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias graves e internação prolongada. A desnutrição esteve significativamente associada a esses dois desfechos, enquanto a força do aperto de mão e a sarcopenia não mostraram associação. Nesse volume consta o projeto de pesquisa, o relatório do trabalho de campo e o artigo gerado a partir dos resultados encontrados. / Malnutrition is frequent in cancer patients and can have a big impact on prognosis. The use of measures capable of detecting early changes in nutritional and functional states becomes important. The present study aims to evaluate phase angle, sarcopenia and handgrip strength as prognostic factors of postoperative morbimortality in patients with cancer. The data were collected in Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas/EBSERH between November 2015 and May 2016. Phase angle was measured through a bioelectric impendence test and was standardized for analysis based on gender and age. Handgrip strength was measured through hydraulic dynamometer. The sarcopenia diagnosis followed the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. The nutritional status of each subject was evaluated through Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment. The prognostic outcomes we considered were postoperative complications and long hospital stay. The classification of postoperative complications was given by the Clavien-Dindo Classification and the length of stay was split in tertiles to define what we would consider a long length stay, which was defined as the length of stay longer than or of that of eight days. The final sample had 60 subjects. The malnutrition prevalence was 28.3% and the sarcopenia prevalence was 16.9%. The phase angle was significantly lower among the subjects who showed severe postoperative complication or long hospital stay The malnutrition was significantly associated to this outcomes while the handgrip strength and sarcopenia did not show any association. In the present work we present the research project, the field report and the article based on the research results.

No description available.

La sarcopénie est considérée comme un syndrome gériatrique se caractérisant par une diminution de la masse musculaire qui en s’aggravant sera à l’origine d’une détérioration de la force musculaire et des performances physiques. La sarcopénie est évidemment imputable au processus de vieillissement, mais son développement peut être accéléré sous l’effet de facteurs pathologiques et comportementaux. Depuis un siècle à peine, le comportement de l’homme moderne, en matière d’activité physique, a radicalement changé avec un mode de vie de plus en plus inactif. Cette inactivité chronique est apparue trop soudainement pour permettre à notre génotype de s’adapter, et contribue ainsi à accélérer ledéveloppement de la sarcopénie. Néanmoins, des interrogations subsistent concernant les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires par lesquels l’inactivité physique favoriserait ce syndrome gériatrique. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était donc de déterminer certains de ces mécanismes en se centrant tout particulièrement sur le rôle des espèces dérivées del’oxygène (ERDO). En s’appuyant sur différents modèles expérimentaux d’activité (entraînement en endurance) et d’inactivité (suspension par la queue) chez le rongeur, nos travaux ont mis en évidence le rôle essentiel de la surproduction chronique d’ERDO (qu’elle soit liée à l’âge et/ou l’inactivité) dans l’activation de certains facteurs de transcription et kinases redox-sensibles impliqués dans la sarcopénie (i.e. NF-κB, p38 MAPK). Nos travaux démontrent également que l’avance en âge (et probablement l’inactivité chronique) induit une perte de réactivité de PGC-1α, un facteur de transcription redoxsensible régulant un certain nombre de mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans la sarcopénie. Cette perte deréactivité pourrait s’expliquer par la surproduction chronique d’ERDO dans le muscle âgé / Aging causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass that may lead to decreased strength and functionality. The term sarcopenia is especially used to characterize this geriatric syndrome. Numerous conditions and behaviors are considered to accelerate the progression of sarcopenia such as chronic diseases, malnutrition and physical inactivity. In millennia past, and until recently, among hunter-gatherers and like populations, down through the ages, all people werephysically very active during early life and later in their everyday occupations. In contrast, nowadays, in Western populations, with relative abundance of food, a sedentary lifestyle is the rule. This radical change in lifestyle counteracts our active phenotype, and thus promotes the development of sarcopenia. Despite the recent advances in the etiology of sarcopenia, some questions remain concerning the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the physical inactivity promotes sarcopenia. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to determine some of these mechanisms, and more especially the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We used different experimental rodent models of activity (physical training) and inactivity (hindlimb suspension) to achieve these objectives. Our research underlines the essential role of age or/and inactivity related chronic ROS overproduction in the activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and kinases involved in sarcopenia (i.e. NF-κB and p38 MAPK). We also demonstrated that aging (and probably lifelong inactivity) induces a loss of PGC-1α reactivity, a key redox-sensitive transcription factor regulating some cellular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia. Chronic ROS overproduction in aged skeletal muscles may explain this loss of PGC-1α reactivity