Resumé Presented thesis is dedicated to specific problems of van Gogh's art. In the first chapters I investigate Heidegger's philosophy of art and his philosophical interpretation of van Gogh's painting Old shoes. Second chapter is dedicated to the critical reaction of distinguished art-historian Meyer Schapiro. Schapiro wrote two short texts, where he attacked Heidegger's way of interpretation of the painting. But Schapiro did not take into account Heidegger's philosophical arguments and completely misunderstood Heidegger's essay. Third chapter is dedicated to the "conclusion" of the conflict of interpretations. In late seventies French philosopher Jacques Derrida published an article (Restitutions), which deals with previous contributions. Derrida seriously attempted to investigate philosophical principals of Heidegger and Schapiro and he suggested, that both authors have the same tendency to appropriate the shoes to some person, in Heidegger's case to peasant woman in that of Schapiro to van Gogh. Derrida tried to leave the "theory of appropriation" by saying that the shoes belong to the painting. I also added two appendices dedicated to specific problems of van Gogh's painting. In first appendix I investigated the role of synthesis of painting and drawing in van Gogh. In second appendix I trace the...