Over the years, people have found Quantum Mechanics to be extremely useful in explaining various physical phenomena from a microscopic point of view. Anderson localization, named after physicist P. W. Anderson, states that disorder in a crystal can cause non-spreading of wave packets, which is one possible mechanism (at single electron level) to explain metalinsulator transitions. The theory of quantum computation promises to bring greater computational power over classical computers by making use of some special features of Quantum Mechanics. The first part of this dissertation considers a 3D alloy-type model, where the Hamiltonian is the sum of the finite difference Laplacian corresponding to free motion of an electron and a random potential generated by a sign-indefinite single-site potential. The result shows that localization occurs in the weak disorder regime, i.e., when the coupling parameter λ is very small, for energies E ≤ −Cλ² . The second part of this dissertation considers adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) algorithms for the unstructured search problem to the case when the number of marked items is unknown. In an ideal situation, an explicit quantum algorithm together with a counting subroutine are given that achieve the optimal Grover speedup over classical algorithms, i.e., roughly speaking, reduce O(2n ) to O(2n/2 ), where n is the size of the problem. However, if one considers more realistic settings, the result shows this quantum speedup is achievable only under a very rigid control precision requirement (e.g., exponentially small control error). / Ph. D.

We consider the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator on an octagonal lattice using the Floquet-Bloch transform of the Laplacian. We will first consider the spectrum of the Laplacian in detail and prove various properties thereof, including spectral-band limits and locations of singularities. In addition, we will prove that Schrödinger operators with 1-1 periodic potentials can open at most two gaps in the spectrum precisely at energies $pm1$, and that a third gap can open at 0 for 2-2 periodic potentials. We describe in detail the structure of these operators for higher periods, and motivate our expectations of their spectra. / Master of Science / In quantum physics, we would like the capability to model environments, such as magnetic fields, that interact with electrons or other quantum entities. The fields of graph theory and functional analysis within mathematics provide tools which relate well-understood mathematical concepts to these physical interactions. In this work, we use these tools to describe these environments using previously employed techniques in new ways.

In 1973, Combes and Thomas discovered a general technique for showing exponential decay of eigenfunctions. The technique involved proving the exponential decay of the resolvent of the Schrödinger operator localized between two distant regions. Since then, the technique has been been applied to several types of Schrödinger operators. This dissertation will show that the Combes--Thomas method works well with trace, Hilbert--Schmidt and other trace-type norms. The first result we prove shows exponential decay on trace-type norms of a resolvent of a Schrödinger operator localized between two distant regions. We build on this result by applying the Combes--Thomas method again to prove polynomial and sub-exponential decay estimates on functions of Schrödinger operators localized between two distant regions.

In this Dissertation thesis the spectral theory of Schrödinger operators modeling quasicrystals in dimension one ist investigated. We allow for a large class of measures as potentials covering also point interactions. The main results can be stated as follows: If the potential can be very well approximated by periodic potentials, then the correspondig Schrödinger operator does not have any eigenvalues. If the potential is aperiodic and satisfies a certain finite local complexity condition, the absolutely continuous spectrum is absent. We also prove Cantor spectra of zero Lebesgue measure for a large class of (a randomized version of) the operator.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 artuso_e_me_sjrp.pdf: 482592 bytes, checksum: 75a58091d7c885a5c49fa53ef050ce0d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho estudaremos propriedades espectrais de uma classe de operadores de Schrödinger com potencial associado a dinâmica de transfor mações de intercâmbio de inter valos, e mostraremos o resultado de Cobo-Gutierres-de Oliveira que garante que, para quase todo intercâmbio de inter valo, o espectro pontual do operador de Schrödinger asso ciado é vazio / In this work we study the spectral properties of a class of S chrödinger operators with potentials associated with the dynamics of inter val exchange transfor mations, and we show the proof of Cobo-Gutierrez-de Oli veira of absence pure point spectrum of S chrödinger operators associated, for Lebesgue almost all inter val exchanges

Orientador: Ali Messaoudi / Banca: Benito Frazão Pires / Banca: Patricia Romano Cirilo / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudaremos propriedades espectrais de uma classe de operadores de Schrödinger com potencial associado a dinâmica de transfor mações de intercâmbio de inter valos, e mostraremos o resultado de Cobo-Gutierres-de Oliveira que garante que, para quase todo intercâmbio de inter valo, o espectro pontual do operador de Schrödinger asso ciado é vazio / Abstract: In this work we study the spectral properties of a class of S chrödinger operators with potentials associated with the dynamics of inter val exchange transfor mations, and we show the proof of Cobo-Gutierrez-de Oli veira of absence pure point spectrum of S chrödinger operators associated, for Lebesgue almost all inter val exchanges / Mestre

In this Dissertation thesis the spectral theory of Schrödinger operators modeling quasicrystals in dimension one ist investigated. We allow for a large class of measures as potentials covering also point interactions. The main results can be stated as follows: If the potential can be very well approximated by periodic potentials, then the correspondig Schrödinger operator does not have any eigenvalues. If the potential is aperiodic and satisfies a certain finite local complexity condition, the absolutely continuous spectrum is absent. We also prove Cantor spectra of zero Lebesgue measure for a large class of (a randomized version of) the operator.

Es wird Anderson-Lokalisierung und starke dynamische Lokalisierung für Quantengraphen mit Gitterstruktur mit Multiskalenanalyse bewiesen. Für eine weitere Klasse von Quantengraphen wird eine lineare Wegner-Abschätzung gezeigt, woraus die Lipschitz-Stetigkeit der integrierten Zustandsdichte folgt.

Es wird Anderson-Lokalisierung und starke dynamische Lokalisierung für Quantengraphen mit Gitterstruktur mit Multiskalenanalyse bewiesen. Für eine weitere Klasse von Quantengraphen wird eine lineare Wegner-Abschätzung gezeigt, woraus die Lipschitz-Stetigkeit der integrierten Zustandsdichte folgt.

The main objective of this dissertation is to give an introduction to Schrödinger operators of the type H = -∆ + V. In these operators, ∆ denotes the Laplacian of Rⁿ and V denotes the operator of multiplication by a function V both defined in a suitable subspace of L²(Rⁿ) with respect to the determination of its selfadjointess and of its spectrum. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / O objetivo principal desta dissertação é fornecer uma introdução aos operadores de Schrödinger do tipo H = -∆ + V, onde ∆ denota o laplaciano do Rⁿ e V denota o operador de multiplicação pela função V ambos definidos em um subespaço conveniente do L²(Rⁿ), no que diz respeito à determinação de sua auto-adjunticidade e do seu espectro.