Aim of this diploma thesis is study of possibilities of OpenSSL extension in PHP environment and its implementation in securing client-server system example. This system will be use to store confidential data. Whole system will be exemplar of securing against scale of attacks leads to gain private data.

Bill of exchange as a securing instrument - Abstract This thesis deals with a specific use of bill of exchange as a securing instrument. The aim of the thesis is to bring a comprehensive general view on the topic as well as to closely analyse the most important areas or those areas which are problematic from the legal point of view. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter one deals with the law of exchange in general. The chapter illustrates not only the relevant actual legislation, but intends to bring a wider historical frame as well. Chapter two contains general characteristic of bill of exchange, furthermore specifically focuses on the nature of obligation which is incorporated into each bill of exchange. Chapter two deals with the blank bill of exchange as well. It describes the nature of blank bills of exchange, examines the right to fill the blank spaces and questions connected with abuse of that right. Chapter three analyses the role of securing bill of exchange among another securing instruments and compares the most important differences which can be found among them - mainly the independency of obligation incorporated in securing bill of exchange in contrast with the subsidiarity of other securing instruments. Chapter four describes the conditions under which the use of securing bill of...

The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the nature of the securing bill of exchange through the analysis of professional literature and relevant case law. The thesis is composed of eight chapters. The first chapter deals with the issue of securing instruments in general. It presents the main amendments which have been brought to the law of obligations by the recent recodification of the private law, especially to the securing instruments. This chapter mentions the characteristics and functions of the general securing instruments. This is followed by the presentation of the bill of exchange as a specific type of the securing instrument. The second chapter is completely devoted to the bill of exchange. It examines the functions of a bill of exchange in legal relations. This chapter also contains more detailed description of an agreement that provides the bill of exchange the disposition of the securing instrument. The following chapter not only defines the term bill of exchange but also concerns with the definition of security in view of the fact that this part of the law was amended by the recodification of the private law. This passage classifies the bill of exchange into the system of securities and emphasises especially the characteristics connected with its transfer. Chapter four...

The issue of the concept of criminal custody The diploma thesis covers the issue of the custody what is recently very relevant and also interesting. Being placed in custody restricts the right of freedom what is one of the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Accused people are suspected of committing a criminal offence but until proven otherwise they must be treated as innocent. There is a conflict of interests of the law enforcement bodies who want to secure the criminal proceedings to reach their object and of the accused person who is innocent and his right of freedom is guaranteed by the Constitutional Law and international treaties. It is essential to ensure the protection of the right of freedom as much as possible. The restrictions are accepted only when necessary. Legislation should offer another solutions what can be used instead of criminal custody and would be less stringent. My diploma thesis is divided into six chapters. First chapter deals with the history of the criminal custody. The biggest changes of criminal custody are captured in historical course beginning in the interwar period until the present day. In the second part of the diploma thesis there is a short explanation what does the term criminal custody means. It also includes the principles what are binding for law...

Title: Detention of person caught committing a crime Key words: Securing, a detention, suspicious person Abstract The purpose of this theses was an analysis of valid legislation of detention of a person while committing a crime and following judicature conclusions. The detention of an individual, as one of the ensuring institutes of the criminal procedure code, is one of the most important security measure immanent to the Czech laws. This measure breaches within the law the protection of personal liberty of an individual in favor of the public authority. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to this issue and submit its regulation to the public professional debate. The resulting legislation must always reflect the principle of minimizing interference by public authority to the personal liberty of any individual, while reflecting current societal needs. The inspiration for the elaboration of this thesis was a brief insight by the author to the application practice of public prosecutor's offices and relevant police units. This thesis is divided into five chapters which are further divided into subchapters. In the first chapter the reasons for elaboration this thesis are specified in detail. The second chapter provides a general overview of the legislation of securing institutes across the Czech law. It...

The final thesis is divided into seven chapters, which are divided into several sub-chapters. First chapter contains short introduction about the main focus of the thesis and the purpose of the work. Its aim is to test the hypothesis that the securing bill of exchange is a suitable tool to secure obligations and, if so, under what conditions. Despite the common opinion that advantages are on the creditors' side, reader will also see pitfalls that accompany its use. Second chapter explains the concept of bill of exchange from a broader perspective, including its evolution and development of current legislation. It also compares legislation of Czech Republic and European Union with a brief look into some differences of Anglo- American law of bills of exchange. There are also defined types of bills of exchange with their requirements described in this chapter. Third chapter deals with securing bill of exchange in detail. It explains its characteristics, content and scope. Subchapter 3.3 is devoted to the most commonly used type of securing bill of exchange-blank bill. There are also results of the survey of usage of bills of exchange with description. Reader will learn about advantages and disadvantages of securing bill of exchange. Fourth chapter is a brief explanation of the various aspects of agreement on...

The aim of the thesis is to give reader a treatise about specific use of bill of exchange as a securing instrument. The promissory note as a debtor security may take various economic life functions. Since the inception of law of exchange it was primarily the medium of payment, whereas the securing function was developed much later. Actually a relative novelty of securing function of bill of exchange leads to a wide range of issues that need to be resolved in connection with its use. In particular, it is absolutely necessary to realize that the obligation incorporated into promissory note will be regardless of its function always the obligation abstract and individual. The above mentioned abstract and individual obligation is mainly manifested in a different connection to the secured obligation, which is much more fragile than in case of use of standard securing obligations that are on the contrary characteristic by accesority and subsidiarity. In spite of the fact that the aim of the thesis is concentrated on bill of exchange as securing instrument, the first chapter is devoted to issues of law of exchange in general. Within particular subchapters there is outlined the historical development of law of exchange in our country, including the sources of current legislation. Furthermore author explains...

Bill of Exchange as a securing instrument (Summary) This thesis pertains to the securing bill of exchange, both on theoretical and practical levels. It deals with its particular characteristics which effectively distinguish a securing bill of exchange from bills of exchange fulfilling distinct functions, as well as from other securing instruments. The thesis provides its readers with a comprehensive view of the advantages the securing bill of exchange has to offer within a variety of private legal relations. Simultaneously, it warns against the perils which are inherent thereto, both with respect to the creditors and the debtors. The thesis thereby emphasizes a necessity for at least a certain level of knowledge concerning the nature and potential of the securing bill of exchange, which would in practice help prevent misuse of this instrument and inflicting damage on the debtors. The first chapter focuses on the causal obligation of a debtor and a creditor and its connection to the bill of exchange aiming to secure that relation. Together with the second chapter, these two provide for the fundamental nature and specific features of the securing bill of exchange. The third chapter pertains to the contractual basis for securing the receivables, and its crucial importance as it involves various contractual...

A bill of exchange was historically used for payment purposes. However, over time it was figured out that it can designate as a securing instrument. Such a usage of a bill of exchange brings as well a series of theoretical and practical confusions. Therefore, one of the main aims of this thesis is to analyze a securing bill of exchange and examine and describe the different attributes and specifics that bind to it. Another main aim of this thesis is securing bill of exchange to be compared with another hedging instruments which are provided by civil law, such as the pledge and the suretyship. Because of this comparison it is easier to show if the bill of exchange is an appropriate securing instrument, and what are its strengths and weaknesses. As a working method is using analysis and comparison. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter sets out the aims and the direction which the thesis will take and further outline of the content of each chapter. The second chapter deals with the general definition of a bill of exchange, lists the types of a bill of exchange that exist. It also defines the functions of a bill of exchange, where these functions are meant a tender, payment tool or securing instrument. The third chapter describes the essence of a securing bill of exchange, which...

Contractual penalty under the Commercial Code Summary The theme of this Master's degree thesis is Contractual penalty under the Commercial Code. Author chose this topic because contractual penalty is important and very often-used institute through which parties to the contract can secure their obligations. This instrument should guarantee that the debtor would perform his main (primary) commitment to the creditor. If not, he may be punished for a breach of the contract even if there won't arise any damage (loss) on the creditor's side. This fact represents considerable advantage over other similar institutes. The study is focused on issues of contractual penalty in commercial relations, specifically in a situation when both parties to the contract are businessmen and they entered into agreement in connection with their business. However the legislation of the instrument is relatively brief (articles 544 and 545 of the Act No. 40/1964 Coll., The Civil Code and articles 300 to 302 of the Act No. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code, which includes a special regulation for business relations), many questions and uncertainties can be found. Many of them were resolved by adjudications but there are still problematic aspects. Author focuses on their solutions and tries to give response, which will be satisfactory...