No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The most significant economic losses in breeding of weaned piglets cause bacterial infectious diseases. The antimicrobial agents are used to combat and control infections. Moreover, antibiotics are still utilized as growth promoters at lower concentrations in some countries. With the increasing incidence of resistant bacterial strains, including human medicine, the use of antibiotics has been limited and controlled in the European Union. Similar antimicrobial effects are provided by zinc oxide, which is used today in prevention instead of prohibited antibiotics. However, high concentrations of zinc get into the environment along with slurry and contaminate the soil. Currently, new forms of zinc nanoparticles have been developed to decrease the effective zinc concentrations utilized in agriculture. The experimental part of this thesis includes 3 experimental groups of weaned piglets. The first group was control group (basal diet), the second was supplemented by zinc oxide and the third group was treated by zinc nanoparticles supplements. These groups were subdivided according to the concentration of zinc compound (500, 1000 and 2000 mg.kg-1) and each group contained 10 piglets. Feces samples were collected on 0th, 5th, 10th and 20th day of the experiment. 224 bacterial strains were isolated from these samples and identified as Escherichia coli, a potential causative agent of coliform infections. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility/resistance to the most common antibiotics employed in Czech animal husbandry and also to the important antibiotics of human medicine. The best results (the highest efficiency) were achieved by ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefotaxime and colistin. The most frequent incidence of resistant strains were found for chlortetracycline, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Moreover, 2 isolates were evaluated as producers of extended-spectrum β-lactamases by testing with combination of ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and 5 isolates by testing with combination of cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The comparison of resistant strains incidence across the experimental groups, did not show an induction of antimicrobial resistance in association with dietary administration of zinc nanoparticles in feed mixtures.

The aim of the dissertation thesis was to analyze reproductive performance of sows recovered by the means of repopulation, in operating conditions of a production farm. Another objective was to analyze productive parameters of piglets and losses of piglets from birth to weaning. Based on achieved results it can be stated, that repopulated group of sows showed significantly higher reproductive performance compared to sows before repopulation. An anylsis of reproductive performance of gilts coming from two commercial programs was also conducted. The differences in reproductive performance were not found significant, however the differences in the losses of piglets were significant in favor of the program II. From the analysis of the productive parameters of piglets it is evident that piglets in the commercial program I had better growth intensity compared to piglets in the commercial program II, demonstrated by significantly higher weaning weight and daily gain of piglets. Also reproductive performance of repopulated sows from the 1st to the 4th litter was analyzed. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between parities. Reproductive performance had increasing tendency up to the 3rd litter and in the 4th litter it decreased. The most frequent causes of discarding of sows were problems with musculoskeletal system and abortions.

Angl. resumé

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In the whole, 487 samples have been collected from two farms in the Kladno region during the time periods as following: Autumn 2004, Winter 2005, Spring 2005,Autumn 2005, Winter 2006 and Spring 2006. For the investigation of the parasite presence in the dung the flotation-concentration method (Sheather sugar solution) and specific aniline {--} carbolic - methylviolet colouring according to Miláček and Vítovec (1985) with followed microscopy investigation at 200 - 400× magnification have been used. The infections caused by Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., Isospora suis, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris suis, Ascaris suum and Strongyloides ransomi have been found in the samples. For the most part, the infection caused by Cryptosporidium spp. (19.1 %), Eimeria spp. and Isospora suis (5.2 %) have occurred in the breeds. Prevalence of the Giardia intestinalis flagellates have reached to 2.9 % and 5.4 % for nematodes Majority of the positive samples had solid consistency of the dung. The smallest occurrence of the parasites have been diagnosed in the winter 2005. On the contrary the greatest occurrence have been diagnosed in autumn 2005.

This thesis is aimed to study the effect of product SeaGut, made from sea algae, on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea of suckling piglets. Here was created 8 groups of piglets (4 control groups and 4 experimental groups) within the experiment. In control group, there was used standard treatment of piglets after farrowing, with anticoccidic Cevazuril, active substance toltrazuril. Treatment of occuring diarrhoea was solved by antibiotics – Betamox. In experimental group, anticoccidics and antibiotics were replaced with SeaGut paste. At the same time, piglets of experimental group were fed by mineral feed containing bentonite and zeolithe. During the experiment, health condition was regurarly observed and recorded. Results between groups was statistically compared. Diarrhoea occured on 16th day at piglets within the experimental group, witch is earlier than at piglets withing the control group (20th day). But in the experimental group, there were less piglets with diarrhoea, as well as number of dirrhoea recurrence. Number of deaths of piglets in experimental group was as well low, but this parametr was not statistically significant (P > 0,05). Preventive and therapeutic usage of products containing algae led to significantly better results in treatment of diarrheal diseases of piglets (P < 0,05). The experiment demonstrated the suitability of using SeaGut in the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases of piglets as an alternative to the preventive use of anticoccidics and the therapeutic use of antibiotics.

This thesis deals with the influence of zinc various forms on the intestinal microbiota of pigs. At the beginning, the thesis presents a basic overview of nanoparticles, especially zinc one, which have been used in practical terms. Also, the topic of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets and the effect of nanoparticles on neonatal diarrhea, which is often associated with weaning, is discussed. The practical part deals with the influence of different zinc concentrations on intestinal bacteria at 0, 5, 10 and 20 days after weaning of the pig from the sow. The total number of microorganisms at individual concentrations and also the number of coliform bacteria, which are very often the source of diarrheal diseases, were determined. Four selective agars were used for qualitative assessment of the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the percentage growth on the individual growth medium was determined.