[pt] É comum observar na natureza a emergência de comportamentos coletivos em populações biológicas, como formação de padrão. Neste trabalho, estamos interessados em caracterizar a distribuição de uma população de espécie única (como alguns tipos de bactérias ou de vegetação), a partir de modelos matemáticos que descrevem a evolução espaço-temporal, governados por processos elementares como: dispersão, crescimento e competição não-local por recursos. Primeiramente, utilizando uma generalização da equação de FKPP, analisamos numérica e analiticamente, o impacto de mecanismos de regulação dependentes da densidade, tanto na difusão quanto no crescimento. Tais mecanismos representam processos internos de retroalimentação, que modelam a resposta do sistema à superlotação ou rarefação da população. Mostramos que, dependendo do tipo de resposta em ação, os indivíduos podem se auto-organizar em subpopulações desconectadas (fragmentação), mesmo na ausência de restrições externas, ou seja, em uma paisagem homogênea. Discutimos o papel crucial que a dependência com a densidade tem na forma dos padrões, particularmente na fragmentação, o que pode trazer consequências importantes para processos de contato como disseminação de epidemias. Tendo compreendido esse fenômeno em um meio homogêneo, estudamos o papel que um ambiente heterogêneo tem na organização espacial de uma população, que representamos através de uma taxa de crescimento que varia com a posição. Investigamos as estruturas que emergem próximo a fronteira de um meio para o outro. Descobrimos que, dependendo da forma de interação nãolocal e de outros parâmetros do modelo, três perfis diferentes podem emergir a partir da interface: (i) oscilações não-atenuadas (ou padrões espaciais, sem decaimento da amplitude); (ii) oscilações atenuadas (com amplitude decaindo a partir da interface); (iii) decaimento exponencial (sem oscilações) a um perfil homogêneo. Relacionamos o comprimento de onda e a taxa de decaimento das oscilações com os parâmetros das interações (comprimento característico e forma de decaimento com a distância). Discutimos como as heterogeneidades do ambiente permitem acessar informações (ocultas no caso homogêneo) sobre os fenômenos biológicos do sistema, tais como os que mediam interações competitivas. / [en] It is common to observe in nature the emergence of collective behavior in biological populations, such as pattern formation. In this work, we are interested in characterizing the distribution of a single-species population (such as some bacteria or vegetation), based on mathematical models that describe the spatio-temporal evolution, and governed by elementary processes, such as: dispersion, growth, and nonlocal competition by resources. First, using a generalization of the FKPP equation, we analyze numerically and analytically the impact of density-dependent regulatory mechanisms, both on diffusion and growth. Such mechanisms represent processes of internal feedback, which shape the system s response to population overcrowding or rarefaction. We show that, depending on the type of the response in action, some individuals can organize themselves in disconnected sub-populations (fragmentation), even in the absence of external restrictions, that is in a homogeneous landscape. We discuss the crucial role that density-dependence has in the form of patterns, particularly in fragmentation, which can have important consequences for contact processes, such as the spread of epidemics. After understanding this phenomenon in a homogeneous environment, we study the role that a heterogeneous environment has in the spatial organization of a population, which was presented as a growth rate that varies with position. We investigate the structures that emerge near the border from one environment to the other. We found that, depending on the shape of nonlocal interaction and other model parameters, three different profiles can emerge from the interface: (i) sustained oscillations (or spatial patterns, without amplitude decay); (ii) attenuated oscillations (with amplitude decreasing from the interface); (iii) exponential decay (without oscillations) to a homogeneous profile. We related the wavelength and the rate of decay of oscillations with the parameters of the interaction (characteristic length and form of decay with distance). We discussed how the heterogeneities of the environment allow access to information (hidden in the homogeneous case) about the biological phenomena of the system, such as those that mediate competitive interactions.

本論は、まず、複雑系の科学観をベースとした「生命論パラダイム」でのソーシャル・イノベーションを提唱し、自己組織性の理論と京都市での実践をベースに、地域人材が地下茎のようにつながり、相互作用する「地域人材リゾーム」を定義した。そして、そのファーストステップの具体的な手法として筆者が考案した「ZUKANインタビュー」を取り上げ、事例として、札幌市で継続的に取り組まれている「札幌人図鑑」を対象に質的調査およびM-GTAでの分析を行った。これらの考察を通じて、地域に暮らす「凡人」たちの創発による新しい地域社会形成への展望を示した。 / 博士(ソーシャル・イノベーション) / Doctor of Philosophy in Social Innovation / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

No description available.

В данной работе проведен анализ влияния корпоративной культуры на рабочие процессы, выявлены проблемы, возникающие на предприятиях при формировании корпоративной культуры, предложены варианты их решения. Составлена полная модель предприятия, рассмотрены существующие процессы построения коммуникаций в ИТ-подразделении и описаны методики, позволяющие оценить эффективность проекта и проанализировать его результаты. Также проведено планирование проекта,оценка рисков, оценка эффективности от внедрения проекта в ИТ-подразделение ООО «Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург», в том числе и экономической. Практическая значимость заключается в том, что методы, описанные в данной работе, могут являться обоснованием для масштабирования информационной системы социальных коммуникаций в ООО «Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург». / In this paper, we analyzed the impact of corporate culture on workflows, identified problems arising in enterprises in the formation of corporate culture, and suggested solutions for them. A complete enterprise model has been compiled, existing communications building processes in the IT department have been reviewed, and methodologies have been described to evaluate the effectiveness of the project and analyze its results. Also, the project was planned, a risk assessment, an assessment of the effectiveness of project implementation in the IT division of Gazprom Transgaz Yekaterinburg LLC, including economic. The practical significance lies in the fact that the methods described in this paper may be the rationale for scaling the social communications information system in Gazprom Transgaz Yekaterinburg LLC.

Объектом исследования явилось психологическое благополучие студентов. Предметом исследования стала связь психологического благополучия с мотивацией к учебной деятельности и самоорганизацией у студентов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух разделов, заключения, списка литературы (83 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя сводную таблицу данных. Объем магистерской диссертации 72 страницы, на которых размещены 13 рисунков и 7 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется гипотеза, основные походы, используемые в работе, указываются методы исследования. Первый раздел включает в себя теоретический обзор таких понятий, как психологическое благополучие, учебная мотивация, самоорганизация. Представлен подраздел, посвященный обзору исследований психологического благополучия студентов. Выводы по первому разделу представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Второй раздел посвящен эмпирической части исследования. В нем представлено описание эмпирической базы исследования, организации и методов проведенного исследования, а также результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: опроснику «Самоорганизация деятельности (ОСД) Е.Ю. Мандриковой, опроснику «Стиль саморегуляции поведения – ССП-98» В.И. Моросановой; методике «Изучения мотивации обучения в ВУЗе» Т.И. Ильиной, методике «Шкал академической мотивации» Т.О. Гордеевой, О.А. Сычева, Е.Н. Осина, методике «Шкала психологического благополучия» К. Рифф (в адаптации Лепешинского Н.Н.). Также в разделе представлен корреляционный анализ и сравнительный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по разделу 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутой гипотезе, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. / The object of the study was the psychological well-being of students. The subject of the study was the relationship of psychological well-being with the motivation for learning activities and self-organization among students. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two sections, a conclusion, a list of references (83 sources) and an appendix that includes a summary table of data. The volume of the master's thesis is 72 pages, which contain 13 figures and 7 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates a hypothesis, the main approaches used in the work, and indicates the research methods. The first section includes a theoretical review of such concepts as psychological well-being, learning motivation, self-organization. A subsection devoted to the review of research on the psychological well-being of students is presented. The conclusions on the first section are the results of the study of theoretical material. The conclusions on the first section are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second section is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the empirical base of the study, the organization and methods of the study, as well as the results obtained by all the methods used: the questionnaire “Self-organization of activity (OSA) by E.Yu. Mandrikova, the questionnaire "Style of self-regulation of behavior - SSP-98" by V.I. Morosanova; the methodology of "Studying the motivation for learning at a university" T.I. Ilyina, the methodology of "Scales of Academic Motivation" by T.O. Gordeeva, O.A. Sycheva, E.N. Aspen, the methodology "Scale of psychological well-being" by K. Riff (adapted by Lepeshinsky N.N.). The section also presents a correlation analysis and a comparative analysis of the results of the study. Section 2's conclusions include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypothesis put forward, are summarized, and the practical significance of the study is substantiated.

The main aim in this study was to investigate how the active participants of a self-organized and socially mobilizing operation called Santa Croce/Spin Time Labs in Rome, Italy described their work regarding creating an alternative and inclusive common cityspace. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with active participants in the Spin Time Labs-part of the organization that is designated to cultural-and service aligned activities. The study uses a primary theoretical framework based on Henri Lefevbre’s ideas regarding ‘The right to the city’ and the production of social space, together with the concept of ‘Parity of participation’, developed by Nancy Fraser, concerning the creation and fulfillment of social justice principles. Furthermore, scientific research regarding commons spaces and self-organization were used to analyze the phenomenon known as "Squatting” through the perspective of occupation as a form of producing alternative cityspaces.  The results pointed at a few experiences that could be seen as crucial both connected to participants current work-situation and also concerning the future of the operation. Mainly, it showed that the participants, through their active participation, have managed to create a useful balance of meeting the needs of both the occupations inhabitants and the surrounding neighborhood. At the same time, this very balance has served as a functional alternative strategy for managing to create an inclusive and open common cityspace. Altogether, it shows that with their combined effort, they could create something that potentially could have a long-lasting impact. Both on an individual level, creating a solidary sustainable resource allocation and improving the mental health for the people involved in the operation, as well as for urban society at a broader perspective. Additional research could be focused on finding possible pathways for the operations further management and development in the neoliberal society of today.

No description available.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’augmenter la diversité des foldamères par le développement d’une nouvelle classe d’architectures abiotiques mimant le repliement des feuillets β protéiques. La stratégie employée repose sur des processus de structuration qui diffèrent de ceux observés au sein du vivant. Les deux éléments essentiels des systèmes naturels, à savoir la boucle courte et flexible d’acides aminés et les brins β liés entre eux par des liaisons hydrogènes, sont ici substitués respectivement par un coude rigide formé de noyaux aromatiques et par des oligoarylamides plans interagissant par empilement aromatique.Ces objets ont été conçus pour adopter des structures repliées caractérisables en solution par spectroscopie RMN et à l’état solide par diffraction des rayons X. Dans une première partie, l’optimisation du pseudo-coude β et de la séquence des brins, ainsi que l’exploration des premières architectures en feuillet seront étudiées à travers la conception, la synthèse et les études structurales de ces oligoamides et oligoamines aromatiques. Dans une seconde partie, le concept mis en oeuvre sera étendu à la synthèse de foldamères plus élaborés à brins courbés, ouvrant ainsi des perspectives intéressantes vers l’obtention d’architectures toujours plus complexes. / The purpose of this work is to expand foldamer diversity by developing a novel class of abiotic β-sheet-like architectures. Our strategy uses inter-strand π-π aromatic stacking between sequences of aromatic oligoamides and oligoamines to mimic the natural stabilization of β-strands, which occurs through a network of regularly spaced hydrogen bonds. These oligamide and oligoamine sequences are connected by a rigid U-shaped moiety that creates a turn and initiates strand formation.These molecules have been designed to adopt compact folded structures that can be studied in solution by NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. In the first part of this dissertation, we report our stepwise approach in the development of β-sheet-like aromatic amide-based foldamers: from the optimization of the design elements and the use of macrocycles, to the synthesis of multi-turn structures. In the second part, the concept will be extented to the synthesis of more elaborate curving strand β-sheet-like foldamers, opening up new perspectives for more complex architectures.

Les travaux élaborés dans cette thèse ont pour objectif de caractériser les propriétés magnétiques et structurales de nanostructures magnétiques obtenues par une nouvelle méthode de synthèse mixte physique/chimique, dite croissance hybride. La première partie du travail réalisé consiste en l’élaboration de films minces métalliques sur substrats par pulvérisation cathodique. Sur ces films minces, la synthèse chimique par voie organométallique aboutit à des réseaux de nanofils de Co monocristallins hcp, ultra-denses, ou des films nanostructurés de Fe. Les observations MEB/MET et les mesures de diffraction de rayons X réalisées sur les substrats montrent le fort impact induit par la cristallinité de la couche mince sur la morphologie et la direction de croissance des nanostructures magnétiques.Les mesures magnétiques réalisées sur des réseaux de nanofils de Co montrent une forte anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire au substrat. Cela est obtenu grâce à l’anisotropie magnétocristalline du Co hcp (avec l’axe c parallèle à l’axe du fil) qui s’ajoute à l’anisotropie de forme. L’aimantation thermiquement stable, semble suivre un régime de retournement cohérent, régime non observé dans les structures polycristallines. L’organisation de ces nanostructures, leur grande densité et la stabilité de leur aimantation font de ce réseau un bon candidat aux applications de médias d’enregistrement magnétique à forte densité. / The elaboration of this thesis aims to characterize the magnetic and structural properties of magnetic nanostructures obtained by a new mixed physical / chemical synthesis method, called hybrid growth. The first part of the work consists in the development of thin metal films on substrates by cathode sputtering. Furthermore, the chemical synthesis conducted by organometallic chemistry on those thin films, results in an array of ultra-dense Co monocristallins hcp nanowires, or nanostructured Fe films. Additionally, The SEM/TEM observations and the X-ray diffraction measurements conducted on the substrates and induced by the crystlalline structure of the thin film, show the high impact on the magnetic nanostructures morphology and growth direction.Moreover, the magnetic measurements executed on the Co nanowires array show a strong magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the substrate. This observation is obtained due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy acting along the nanowire axis (Co hcp structure with the c axis parallel to the nanowire axis) in the same direction of the nanowires shape anisotropy. The magnetization within these structures is thermally stable. It follows a coherent magnetization reversal mode that has not been observed in the polycrystalline structures up to now. Finally, the self-organization of the nanowires as well as their high density and stable magnetization nominate this system for their application in high density magnetic storage devices.

L'intelligence en essaim constitue désormais un domaine à part entière de l'intelligence artificielle distribuée. Les problématiques qu'elle soulève touchent cependant à de nombreux autres domaines ou questions scientifiques. En particulier le concept d'essaim trouve pleinement sa place au sein de la science dites des ``systèmes complexes''. Cette thèse présente ainsi la conception, les caractéristiques et les applications d'un modèle original, le système multi-agent logistique (SMAL), pour le domaine de l'intelligence en essaim. Le SMAL trouve son origine en modélisation des systèmes complexes : il est en effet issu des réseaux d'itérations logistiques couplées dont nous avons adapté le modèle de calcul au schéma ``influence-réaction'' des systèmes multi-agents. Ce modèle est fondé sur des principes communs à d'autres disciplines, comme la synchronisation et le contrôle paramétrique, que nous plaçons au coeur des mécanismes d'auto-organisation et d'adaptation du système. L'environnement à base de champs est l'autre aspect fondamental du SMAL, en permettant la réalisation des interactions indirectes des agents et en jouant le rôle d'une structure de données pour le système. Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse donnent lieu à des applications principalement en simulation et en optimisation combinatoire.L'intérêt et l'originalité du SMAL pour l'intelligence en essaim résident dans l'aspect générique de son schéma théorique qui permet de traiter avec un même modèle des phénomènes considérés a priori comme distincts dans la littérature : phénomènes de ``flocking'' et phénomènes stigmergiques ``fourmis'' à base de phéromones. Ce modèle répond ainsi à un besoin d'explication des mécanismes mis en jeu autant qu'au besoin d'en synthétiser les algorithmes générateurs. / Swarm Intelligence is from now on a full part of Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Its associated problematics meet many other fields and scientific questions. The concept of swarm in particular belongs to the science called the science of complex systems. This phd thesis shows the design and the characteristics and the applications of a novel type of model called the logistic multi-agent system (LMAS) dedicated to the Swarm Intelligence field. The LMAS has its foundations in complex system modeling: it is inspired from the coupled logistic map lattice model which has been adapted to the ``Influence-Reaction'' modeling of multi-agent systems. This model is based on universal principles such as synchronization and parametric control which are considered as the main mechanisms of self-organization and adaptation in the heart of the system. The field-layered based environment is the other important feature of the LMAS, since it enables indirect interactions and plays the part of a data structure for the whole system. The work of this thesis is put into practice for simulation and optimization.The novelty of the LMAS lies in its generic theoretical framework, which enables to tackle problems considered as distinct in the literature, in particular flocking and ant-like stigmergic behavior. This model meets the need of explaining basic mechanisms and the need of synthesizing generative algorithms for the Swarm Intelligence.