Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-04Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000815878.pdf: 508389 bytes, checksum: dd0a6086a48e26525e8d4fe0813e8989 (MD5) / As biotecnologias da reprodução são utilizadas como uma alternativa para melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva e acelerar a produção de animais de alto valor zootécnico. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a taxa de concepção de novilhas e vacas mestiças inseminadas com sêmen sexado e convencional (Experimento 1) e a taxa de concepção de novilhas e vacas mestiças submetidas a transferência de embriões produzidos in vivo (TE) e in vitro (PIVE) com sêmen sexado (Experimento 2). No experimento 1, sêmen sexado e convencional foram utilizados na inseminação de vacas (n=50) e novilhas (n=50) após 18-24 horas de observação de cio; no experimento 2 embriões produzidos in vitro (n=50) e in vivo (n=40) foram transferidos para vacas (n=45) e novilhas (n=45). Animais inseminados com sêmen sexado apresentaram taxa de concepção de 44% (11/25) para vacas e 52% (13/25) para novilhas e com sêmen convencional, a taxa de concepção foi de 72% (18/25) para vacas e 68% (17/25) para novilhas. A taxa de concepção obtida pela técnica de produção in vitro de embriões foi de 24% (6/25) para vacas e 28% (7/25) para novilhas e para os embriões produzidos in vivo foi de 45% (9/20) tanto para vacas como para novilhas. A técnica de IA com sêmen sexado apresentou diferença estatística (p<0,05) quando comparada com sêmen convencional, porém a categoria animal não teve diferença estatística (p>0,05) (Experimento 1). Não foi observada diferença estatística (p>0,05) entre a as técnicas de produção in vivo e in vitro de embriões nem entre a categoria animal. Os resultados indicam que o intervalo entre a observação de cio e inseminação de 18-24 horas mostrou-se eficaz na concepção tanto de vacas como de novilhas utilizando sêmen sexado ou convencional, no entanto para se aproximar aos resultados obtidos pelo sêmen convencional há necessidade de mais pesquisas para melhorar a taxa de concepção com sêmen sexado ... / The reproduction biotechnologies are used as an alternative to improve reproductive efficiency and accelerate the production of animals of high performance zootechnical. This study aimed to evaluate the conception rate of heifers and cows crossbred inseminated with sexed semen and conventional (Experiment 1) and conception rate of heifers and cows crossbred receiving the transfer of embryos produced in vivo (TE) and in vitro (PIVE) with sexed semen (Experiment 2). In experiment 1, sexed and conventional semen were used for the insemination of cows (n = 50) and heifers (n = 50) after 18-24 hours of estrous observation; in experiment 2 embryos produced in vivo (n = 40) and in vitro (n = 50) were transferred to cows (n = 45) and heifers (n = 45). Animals inseminated with sexed semen showed conception rate from 44% (11/25) for cows and 52% (13/25) for heifers and with conventional semen, the conception rate was 72% (18/25) for cows and 68% (17/25) for heifers. The conception rate obtained by the technique of in vitro production of embryos was 24% (6/25) for cows and 28% (7/25) for heifers and for embryos produced in vivo was 45% (9/20) both for cows as for heifers. The technique of AI with sexed semen presented statistical difference (p <0.05) when compared with conventional semen, but animal category was not statistically different (p> 0.05) (Experiment 1). No statistical difference (p> 0.05) between the production techniques in vivo and in vitro embryo or between animal category was observed. The results indicate that the interval between estrous observation and insemination 18-24 hours was effective on conception of both cows and heifers using conventional and sexed sêmen, however to approximate of the results obtained by the conventional semen is no need to most research to improve conception rates with sexed semen (Experiment 1). Conception rates with embryos PIVE in heifers and cows recipients were lower than those produced in ...

Orientador: José Antonio Dell'Aqua / Banca: Marco Antonio Alvarenga / Banca: André Maciel Crespilho / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a viabilidade e fertilidade do sêmen refrigerado bovino diluído em meio diluidor comercial Botu Bov® com e sem crioprotetor glicerol a 5°C por 24 horas em sistema passivo de refrigeração Botu Flex® e comparados com amostras congeladas. Foram realizadas analises dos padrões de cinética espermática pelo CASA e viabilidade celular pela Citometria de Fluxo. Para o teste de fertilidade foram utilizados pool de 3 touros da raça Nelore, com idade média de 30 meses em programas de IATF. Os ejaculados foram divididos em 3 grupos experimentais de acordo com o meio diluidor, sendo Grupo (BB c/ crio), diluidor Botu Bov® com 7% de glicerol à 5°C/24horas; Grupo (BB s/ crio) diluidor Botu Bov® sem glicerol à 5°C/24horas; Grupo (BB) sêmen congelado com Botu Bov® com 7% de glicerol. Para o teste de fertilidade foram inseminadas 762 vacas da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicius) em programas de IATF de forma randomizada: sendo 278 para (BB c/ crio), 268 para (BB s/ crio) e 216 para (BB). Os índices de concepção foram de 51%a,44%ab e 41%b respectivamente para (BB c/ crio), (BB s/ crio) e (BB) (p< 0,05). A partir dos resultados alcançados pode-se concluir que houve uma melhor preservação espermática das amostras mantida sob refrigeração com crioprotetor glicerol à 5°C/24horas, quando comparado com a amostra congelada. Esses resultados promovem a perspectiva da maximização de touros da fazenda utilizados em monta natural e animais geneticamente superiores que não apresentam índices de congelabilidade satisfatórios serem utilizados como doadores de sêmen em programas de IATF / Abstract: Not available / Mestre

No presente estudo três concentrações de N-acetil-l-cisteina (NAC) foram avaliadas no diluente equino resfriado a 5°C através da motilidade do sêmen, integridade da cromatina espermática e choque hiposmótico sobre o ejaculado em diluente Kenney na proporção 1:2 com 50% de plasma seminal. O ejaculado de nove garanhões diluído na proporção 1:2 em meio Kenney foi dividido em 4 partes iguais e suplementado com 5,0, 2,5 e 0,5mM de NAC e um grupo não suplementado (0,0mM). As avaliações foram realizadas a fresco (0h), 24 e 48h de resfriamento. A análise de motilidade nos dois experimentos foi avaliada até às 24 horas. No experimento 2, a adição de 0,5 e 5,0mM de NAC resultou em áreas de dispersão da cromatina espermática similares (59,7 e 55,5μM2, respectivamente). Entretanto, a área de dispersão da cromatina no grupo não suplementado (65,3μM2) e com 2,5mM de NAC (52,8μM2) apresentou diferença (P<0,05). O percentual de células com membrana plasmática funcional foi similar entre o grupo não suplementado e o grupo suplementado com 0,5mM de NAC (39,7 e 39,8%, respectivamente), porém superior a NAC 2,5mM (34,5%) e 5,0mM (34,2%). A motilidade progressiva dos ejaculados suplementados com NAC foram similares entre si e somente o grupo NAC 0,5mM (35,2%) apresentou similaridade de células móveis com o grupo não suplementado (36,2%). Os maiores danos à cromatina espermática no sêmen equino diluído com 50% de plasma seminal mantido resfriado a 5°C ocorrem a partir de 24h de resfriamento. A adição de 2,5 e 5,0mM de NAC comprometem a motilidade e a funcionalidade de membrana espermática equina, mas não causa efeito deletério sobre a integridade do DNA. / In this study, three concentrations of N-acetyl- l-cysteine (NAC) were evaluated by sperm motility, membrane functionality (hypo-osmotic test), and sperm chromatin integrity. the hypo-osmotic test showed only 32.4% (P <0.05) of the cells having a functional membrane 12h into the cooling process, while the fresh semen (0h) was 53.5%. The percentage of motile cells decreased within 12h of cooling from 38.9 to 19.7%, with no difference between 12 and 24h of cooling. The tests of sperm chromatin dispersion and hypo-osmotic shock revealed similarities between the periods of cooling at 24 to 48h. In Experiment 2, the nine stallion ejaculates were divided into 4 equal parts, diluted in half with Kenney milk powder supplemented with 5.0, 2.5 and 0.5mM NAC and a group not supplemented (0.0mM). The evaluations were made fresh (0h), 24 and 48h after cooling. The analysis of motility was assessed in all experiments up to 24 hours. In experiment 2, the addition of 0.5 to 5.0mM NAC resulted in areas of similar sperm chromatin dispersion (59.7 and 55.5μM2, respectively). However, the area of the chromatin dispersion between non-supplemented group=0.0mM (65.3μM2) and 2.5mM NAC (52.8μM2) differ (P <0.05). The percentage of cells with plasma membrane function were similar between the supplemented with 0.5mM NAC and non-supplemented (0.0mM) groups with (39.7 and 39.8%, respectively), but higher than 2.5mM (34.5%) and 5.0mM (34.2%). Progressive motility of ejaculates supplemented with NAC were similar, but only the group with 0.5mM NAC which resulted in 35.2% of mobile cells showed similarities with the non-supplemented group (36.2%). The greatest damage to sperm chromatin in equine semen diluted with 50% seminal plasma kept cooled to 5°C was due to 24h cooling. The addition of 2.5 and 5.0mM NAC inhibits the mobility and functionality of the equine sperm membrane, but does not cause a deleterious effect on the integrity of the DNA.

Orientador: Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto / Banca: Letícia Zoccolaro Oliveira / Banca: Lindsay Unno Gimenes / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as alterações que ocorrem nas células espermáticas durante o processo de criopreservação nas diferentes subespécies Bos taurus e Bos indicus. Analisou-se o ejaculado de 20 animais (10 de cada subespécie) quanto à motilidade, morfologia espermática, integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossoma, peroxidação lipídica, condensação da cromatina e morfometria da cabeça do espermatozoide no sêmen fresco e após criopreservação/descongelamento. Nas avaliações com sêmen fresco, a subespécie Bos taurus mostrou resultados de motilidade superior quando comparada aos zebuínos (68,00%±6,32% e 63,00%±4,83% respectivamente, p<0,05). Os animais europeus mostraram melhor congelabilidade do sêmen, pois seus espermatozoides, de maneira geral, foram menos afetados pelo processo de criopreservação (B. taurus - Motilidade (%): 38,00±7,88, HIPO (%): 40,4±6,45, Área: 11556,14±2055,46, Perímetro: 25,17±1,87, Largura: 5,22±0,96, Fourier 2: 7867,27±1965,47; B. indicus - Motilidade: 30,00±4,71, HIPO: 27,5±6,98, Área: 12416,06±2232,06, Perímetro: 26,02±2,02, Largura: 5,31±0,97, Fourier 2: 8536,77±2058,21). Foi observado que a criopreservação causa danos em todas as estruturas espermáticas, independentemente da subespécie, indicando que avanços nesta técnica ainda são necessários / Abstract: This study aimed to verify the changes that occur in sperm cells during the process of cryopreservation between the different subspecies Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Semen from 20 animals (10 of each subspecies) fresh and after cryopreservation / thawing, were analyzed for motility, sperm morphology, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, chromatin condensation and sperm head morphology. The fresh semen evaluations results of the subspecies Bos taurus showed higher motility when compared to Zebu (68.00% ± 6.32% and 63.00% ± 4.83% respectively). European animals showed better freezability semen, in general, because their sperm were less affected by the cryopreservation process (B. taurus - Motility (%): 38.00 ± 7.88, HYPO (%): 40.4 ± 6.45, Area : 11556.14 ± 2055.46, Perimeter: 25.17 ± 1.87, Width: 5.22 ± 0.96, Fourier 2: 7867.27 ± 1965.47;1 B. indicus - Motility: 30.00 ± 4.71, HYPO: 27.5 ± 6.98, area: 12416.06 ± 2232.06, Perimeter: 26.02 ± 2.02, Width: 5.31 ± 0.97, Fourier 2: 8536.77 ± 2058.21). It was observed that cryopreservation damages all sperm structures, regardless of subspecies, indicating that improvements in this technique are still needed / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoLMC_DISSERT.pdf: 1176741 bytes, checksum: cae29c28ee7539a3660b0db230755381 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We evaluated the Thermoregulation of the scrotum associated with quality semen of goats grazed in the meteorological conditions of the semi-arid. 10 goats were used. There were 5 observations, with four days of interval. Five groups were formed, each group was collected in different hours (8am, 10am, 12pm, 2pm and 4pm). The skin surface body temperatures (SSBT) and the scrotum (ST), respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded. Heat loss by cutaneous evaporation was measured from the H2O/CO2 analyzer, in the body was used a vented cap and in the scrotum was developed a ventilated capsule adapted for that region. The area of scrotum was determined through analysis of regression. Semen was collected via an artificial vagina and evaluated macro-and microscopically. Irradiance, wind speed, air, wet bulb and black globe temperatures were recorded. The Statistical analysis was based on the method of least squares. For analysis of quality of the semen it was used a 5x5 Latin square design. The SSBT 34.5 ±0.92ºC and ST was 33.5 ±0.36ºC, showing a difference of 1ºC between those regions. The latent heat loss was 57.3 ±18.0 W.m-2 for body surface and 49.4 ±15.0 Wm-2 to the scrotum. Semen samples were considered of good quality at all times and days of collection. The conclusion was that the difference between the surface temperatures derive from a combination of mechanisms which involve thermoregulation of the scrotum, and the animals can be utilized for breeding at any time of the day. / Avaliou-se a Termorregulação da bolsa escrotal associada à qualidade do sêmen de caprinos manejados nas condições meteorológicas do semiárido. Foram utilizados 10 caprinos. Foram realizadas 5 observações, com 4 dias de intervalo entre elas. Formou-se 5 grupos, onde cada grupo era coletado em horas distintas (8, 10, 12, 14 e 16h). As temperaturas da superfície cutânea do corpo (TSPSC) e da bolsa escrotal (TSPBE) e retal e freqüência respiratória foram registradas. A perda de calor por evaporação cutânea foi mensurada a partir do analisador de H2O/CO2, no corpo foi utilizada uma cápsula ventilada e na bolsa escrotal foi desenvolvida uma cápsula ventilada adaptada para esta região. A área da bolsa escrotal foi determinada através de análise de regressão. O sêmen foi colhido através de uma vagina artificial e avaliado macro e microscopicamente. Foram registradas a irradiância, velocidade do vento e temperaturas do ar, do bulbo úmido e do globo negro. A análise estatística foi baseada no método dos quadrados mínimos. Para análise da qualidade do sêmen foi utilizado um delineamento quadrado latino 5x5. A TSPSC 34,5 ±0,92ºC e TSPBE foi 33,5 ±0,36ºC, demonstrando diferença de 1 ºC entre estas regiões. A perda de calor latente foi de 57,3 ±18,0W.m-2 para a superfície do corpo e de 49,4 ±15,0 W.m-2 para a bolsa escrotal. O semên foi considerado de boa qualidade em todos os horários e dias de coleta. Cocluiu-se que a diferença ente as temperaturas de superfícies deriva de uma associação de mecanismos que envolve a termorregulação da bolsa escrotal e que os animais podem ser utlizados para reprodução a qualquer hora do dia.

The aim of this dissertation work was the study of the population dynamics of the yel-low -- necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) depending on the crop of oak seeds during the five-year period from 2008 do 2012. The research of small terrestrial mammals was carried out in three forest complexes different in food supply in an intesinvely cultivated landscape of southern Moravia. In was an old semi-natural floodplain forest with the dominance of oak (locality Horní les 3 km a long way from the municipality of Lednice), further an productive deciduou forest with the dominance of oak and acacia (locality Hájek nearby township Vranovice) and a pheasantry with a variety of forest types formed with various species of roe deer (lo-cality Rumunská bažantnice 25 km southeast of Brno). Small mammals were caught in these areas at regular intervals to the classical mouse-hunting collapsible traps laid in lines. In total for the period were caught 1943 small mammals in eight species. There was trapped the total number of 1943 small mammals in eight species. Among the most mundant species (Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareo-lus) there was also detected a signifiant impal seed year on the body weight of the stud-ied animals. In 2009 and in 2011 their body size was smaller even though there was a high crop of seeds of woody plants. The mason was that the crop was as late as in the autumn and so the rodents didn't have enough time to utilit the food supplies suffi-ciently that year. The relative is that to harvest occurred as late as in the fall and rodents so missed this year's food supply enough to be used. Abundance significantly varied among the localities. There was found out the tendency to prefer the most variable bi-otop in Rumunská bažantnice. The small mammals responded to the high crop of seeds in the autumn of 2009 and 2011, population growth in follows, therefore,in 2010 and 2012. Great crop of acorns may lead to a sharp increase in population, which can then cause damage to the natural regeneration of oak or artificial regeneration of the sowing.

This Diploma thesis first deals with composition of the bunch of grapes and must. The following is a description of the selected consumable secondary products such as must, dealcoholized vine, jam, marmalade, jelly from must, vine jelly, grape seed oil, flour from grape seeds. Further describes other secondary products such as pomace (marcs) and vineyeard prunings and their usage and mentioned is also a significant waste resulting from the grape vine cultivation and vine production and its possible utilisation. In the practical part of the thesis there is performed the procedure of the production (conservation) of grape vine must and production of jelly from must from cultivars "Veltlínské zelené" and "Dornfelder". These 2 samples of jellies were then together with other 6 samples of similar products (5 of them vine products from other vineries, 1 product from different fruit - cherries) organoleptically evaluated and analytically measured in the laboratory. The results are processed into tables, charts, and statistically and verbally commented.

The aim of this diploma thesis "The determination of the production of seeds and their germination for selected species from the weedy family Asteraceae" is to find out the production of seeds and their germination of two selected weedy species from the family Asteraceae, depending on the location. The following were selected: Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris). Seed collection was done at seven locations with different habitat conditions (unmaintained hayfield, recultivated rubbish, garden, grass vegetation with grazing breeding of cattle, permanent grass vegetation, grasslands on arable land, forest land, other road, other area). After reviewing the available literature is discussed the biology and control of weeds and their significance. Furthermore is also characterized the family Asteraceae and selected representatives of this family . Subsequently is characterized the territory of interest. In addition is discussed the problematics of germination and seed production for Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) depending on their habitats. The overall average HTS of Wormwood was 0.08 g, the average germination was 79%. The total average seed production of Creeping Thistle was 1 299 seeds, one plant had an average of 23 flowers and one flower had 51 seeds. Due to the very low number of sprouted seeds of this weed the germination parameter cannot be statistically evaluated.

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No description available.