Pieninė galvijininkystė ir toliau išlieka pirmaujančia gyvulininkystės produkcijos gamybos kryptimi, o didėjantys reikalavimai šalies ir užsienio rinkose reikalauja gyvulių produktyvumo ir genetinio potencialo didinimo bei produkcijos kokybės gerinimo. Lietuvos ūkininkų pienininkystės ūkiai yra truputį mažesni nei vidutiniai. Pastaraisiais metais jų skaičius padidėjo, jie stambėjo, o jų veiklos rezultatai gerėjo, nes didėjo pieno kaina, primilžis iš karvės ir valstybės parama. Darbe aprašomos kai kurios galvijų veislės: holšteinai, Švedų žalieji, Danų žalieji, airšyrai, anglerai, švicai, Lietuvos žalieji ir Lietuvos juodmargiai. Taip pat kai kurios bulių linijos, kurių palikuonės yra auginamos mano aprašytuose ūkiuose. Šiame magistriniame darbe analizavau penkių vidutinio stambumo ir stambių Šiaulių rajono pienininkystės ūkių (Vitoldo Norkaus, birutės Plenaitienės, Loretos Gabšienės, Antano Mikaičio, Ligitos Mockienės) reprodukcijos ir produktyvumo duomenis: bandų genealoginė analizė, karvių veislių, linijų aprašymas, karvių sėklinimo ypatumai, atskirų linijų bulių panaudojimo dažnis, sėklinimo rezultatai, ūkių produktyvumo ekonominė analizė. Išanalizavusi šiuos duomenis, įvertinau teigiamus ar neigiamus aspektus, pateikiau siūlymus, kaip spręsti ūkyje esančias problemas suplanavau ir pateikiau ūkininkams sėklinimo planus. / Milk breeding is still the main and advanced tendency in whole breeding production. Because of modern aspect, specifications are used to grow in local and abroad market. This situation demands for more productivity , bigger genetic potential and better quality in production. Lithuanias farmers own dairying farms which are mostly smaller than normal. For the last few years the number of such farms has grown up a bit and the farms which already existed became larger. Because of this progress, situation gives better result – milk price came up, to get more yield is accessible, also helps the State support. In this paper are mentioned such cattle kinds as Hosteins, Swedish Reds, Danish Reds, Airshires, Anglers, Shwics, Lithuanian Reds and Lithuanian Black and Whites. Also are discussed few bull lines, which are cultivated in the farms which i already mentioned. In this graduate paper work i am analysing five normal and large size farms in Siauliai area. Those are farms are owned by farmers: Vitoldas Norkus, Birute Plenaitiene, Loreta Gabsiene, Antanas Mikaitis, Ligita Mockiene. I compared reproduction and production facts such as: herds genealogy schemes, herds line, kinds of cows, semination peculiarity and results, different lines of bulls popuarity, economic condition of each farm productivity. I have examined all these facts, pointed positive and negative aspects as well i made some suggestions how the problems in farms could be solved and made some proposition because... [to full text]

Within my diploma thesis I have been trying to resolve the possibilities of optimization of artificial incubation of eggs and embryos in northern pike (Esox Lucius L.) under controlled conditions during three different experiments. In the first experiment was investigated the effect of three different semination solutions to the success of incubation of eggs and embryos in northern pike. I watched the survival of eggs and embryos, larvae hatching abnormalities and biometrics of larvae. It was found that the best overall results were achieved with semination solution composed of 15 ml of chemical crystalic urea per 1 liter of water, with an appropriate amount of abnormalities and highest larvae survival. In the second experiment were performed manipulation with developing eggs at given time intervals after fertilization of eggs. I watched the survival of eggs and embryos, abnormality and biometrics of hatched larvae. It was found that the lowest survival, abnormalities, and smallest TL and W were reached during manipulations within 24 hours after fertilization. In the third experiment was investigated the effect of water temperature on the length of the incubation of eggs and embryos in northern pike. With regard to the overall survival, larvae hatching, abnormalities and size of larvae achieved the best results temperatures 6 and 10 ° C. Conversely, it is entirely unsuitable for incubation temperature of 3 ° C (lowest survival, large amounts deformities). Different incubation temperatures have also confirmed the effect of water temperature on biometrics of hatched larvae.