M.Comm. (Industrial Psychology) / The current study investigated, by means of an experiment, the influence of nonconscious incidental haptic sensation, encountered when completing self-report questionnaires, on formal ratings of a consumer brand. In total, 178 university students (mean age = 19.82 years, males = 31.5%, females = 68.5%) participated in the study. Participants were allocated to one of two groups with Group 1 (n=88) completing a questionnaire printed on rigid paper while Group 2 (n=90) completed the same questionnaire printed on flimsy paper. The questionnaire scale was constructed using 28 sets of biploar pairs of adjectives related to the language association of rigidity and strength. An independent t-test revealed no differences between groups (t = 0.67, p = 0.50), but differences of distribution and polarisation of scores, evidenced by differences in kurtosis across groups (Group 1: kurtosis = 1.49, Group 2: kurtosis = 0.11), were apparent. In conclusion it appeared that a physically grounded mental framework, consistent with an embodied cognition approach to mental processes, had led to participants forming stronger product judgments when encountering an incidental, nonconscious, tactile experience of strength in a consumer context.

Orientador: Donizeti Cesar Honorato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_NubiaMariaFreireVieira_D.pdf: 2259312 bytes, checksum: 39bc49e5fb60f586b16aa8bfa15bd3cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Mais da metade das vítimas de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) apresentará algum grau de incapacidade, especialmente na extremidade superior (ES), e esta pode ser agravada pelos déficits sensoriais protopáticos e/ou epicríticos. Astereognosia, déficits das sensações táteis, dolorosas, térmicas e proprioceptivas são frequentes e podem afetar ambas as ES, resultando em prejuízos no alcance/preensão e dependência da orientação visual (OV). A redução do input sensorial da ES ipsilateral ao AVC é realizada para avaliar as conexões interhemisféricas e os efeitos na função sensório-motora das ES¿s. A crioterapia pode reduzir a velocidade de condução nervosa e minimizar o input sensorial da ES ipsilateral ao AVC. O objetivo do artigo 1 foi descrever o desempenho sensório-motor da ES de paciente pós-AVC crônico, na presença e ausência de OV. A ES foi avaliada pelo Protocolo de Desempenho Físico de Fugl-Meyer (FM), Avaliação Sensorial de Nottingham (ASN), 10 testes funcionais (TF) e testes de sequência motora (SM). A paciente apresentou déficits táteis, proprioceptivos e astereognosia na ES contralateral ao AVC e, a despeito do leve comprometimento motor, demonstrou lentidão/incapacidade de realização dos TF e SM na ausência da OV, caracterizando a paresia aferente. O objetivo do artigo 2 foi investigar as alterações sensoriais no complexo punho-mão ipsilateral de 28 sujeitos pós-AVC crônico e correlacioná-las com as disfunções sensório-motoras contralaterais à lesão, testes funcionais (com e sem OV), lateralidade do AVC e dominância manual. Foram aplicados a estesiometria, ASN, subescalas sensorial e motora de FM e testes funcionais. Os resultados revelaram distúrbios sensoriais ipsilaterais protopáticos e epicríticos em 64% dos indivíduos. Aqueles com lesão em hemisfério cerebral direito mostraram melhor sensação tátil na ES ipsilateral ao AVC e houve perda sensorial significativa na ES ipsilateral em dois sujeitos canhotos. Não houve correlação entre os déficits sensoriais das ES nem correlação entre os déficits sensoriais ipsilaterais e o comprometimento motor contralateral ao AVC. Os objetivos do artigo 3 foram aplicar a hipotermia por imersão da ES ipsilateral ao AVC (punho-mão) associada à intervenção sensorial (IS) na ES contralateral ao AVC crônico e avaliar os efeitos imediatos e em longo prazo. Foram acompanhados 27 sujeitos pós-AVC crônico nos grupos 1 (n=14) e 2 (n=13). O grupo 2 foi submetido à hipotermia por imersão do punho e mão ipsilaterais ao AVC com IS e o grupo 1 realizou IS (10 sessões). Foram mensurados estesiometria, FM, ASN, TF, SM, discriminação tátil, de peso, nível de desconforto e parâmetros hemodinâmicos. Os efeitos imediatos foram estabilidade hemodinâmica durante e após a hipotermia, ausência de alterações sensoriais na ES contralateral ao AVC, hipoestesia na ES ipsilateral (dermátomos C6 e C8) (p<0,05) e níveis de desconforto aceitáveis. Em longo prazo, tem-se a melhora nos TF (com e sem OV) e localização tátil, propriocepção consciente e função tátil nos dermátomos C6 e C7 na mão contralateral ao AVC do grupo 2 (p<0,05). O uso da hipotermia de imersão da ES ipsilateral associado à intervenção sensorial na ES contralateral ao AVC conduziu à melhora sensório-motora da ES oposta ao AVC crônico / Abstract: More than half the stroke victims will present some degree of disability, especially in the upper extremity (UE), and this may be influenced by somatosensory deficits. Astereognosis, deficits of tactile, painful, thermal and proprioceptive disturbances are frequent and can affect both ES, resulting in losses in the reach/grasp and dependence on visual guidance (VG). The reduction of ipsilesional UE¿s sensory input is performed to evaluate the interhemispherics connections and effects on sensorimotor function in stroke subjects. Cryotherapy can reduce the conduction velocity of sensory fibres and can minimise sensory input to the ipsilesional UE. The purpose of Article 1 was to describe the UE¿s sensorimotor performance in chronic post-stroke subject, in the presence and absence of VG. The contralesional UE was assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA), 10 functional tests (FT) and motor sequence (MS). Despite the mild motor impairment, the patient presented tactile, proprioceptive dysfunctions and astereognosis in contralesional UE and slowness/failure to achieve FT and MS test in the absence of VG, characterizing the afferent paresis. The Article 2 investigated the changes in the ipsilesional wrist and hand of 28 stroke chronic stroke subjects and correlate them with the sensory-motor dysfunction contralateral to the lesion, functional tests (with and without VG), stroke laterality and hand dominance. The subjects were evaluated by esthesiometry, ASN, sensory and motor subscales FMA and FT. The results showed sensory disorders in 64% of individuals. Those with lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere showed better tactile sensation in the ipsilesional UE and significant sensory loss was found in the ipsilesional UE in two left-handed subjects. There was no correlation between sensory deficits of UE¿s or correlation between ipsilesional sensory deficits and contralesional motor impairment. The Article 3 applied immersion hypothermia of an ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) and sensorial intervention of contralesional UE of chronic post-stroke patients to evaluate the immediate hemodynamic, sensorimotor and long-term effects. The sample included 27 stroke patients allocated into group 1 (n=14), which received conventional physiotherapy for the contralesional UE, and group 2 (n=13), which was submitted to immersion hypothermia of the ipsilesional wrist and hand in ten sessions. Assessments were performed pre- and post-treatment and at follow-up using esthesiometry, FMA, NSA, FT, tactile and weight discrimination, MS, level of comfort and hemodynamic parameters. The immediate effects of immersion hypothermia were hemodynamic stability during and after each session, an absence of sensory changes in the UE and hypoesthesia in dermatomes, C6 and C8, of the ipsilesional UE (p<0.05), which maintained acceptable levels of comfort. Significant long-term improvements in test scores with and without visual guidance, using tactile localization, conscious proprioception and in tactile function of the C6 and C7 dermatomes of the contralesional hand in group 2 (p<0.05). Immersion hypothermia of the ipsilesional UE in chronic stroke patients is a safe, inexpensive and practical, with good patient adherence to the technique. The use of immersion hypothermia on the ipsilesional UE improved motor and sensitivity functions in the contralesional UE of chronic stroke patients / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

Since many educators and philosophers, including Montessori and Piaget, advocate training of the sense as a prerequisite to formal learning, and since two ERIC searches failed to turn up such research it was decided to test out it the use of a multi-sensory curriculum does influence the achievement level of young children.

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / School dropout particularly amongst youth living in impoverished areas is a major concern in South Africa because of limited opportunities and resources. Therefore, these youth may experience leisure boredom, engage in sensation seeking and other risky behaviours, such as substance use, which influences their health and wellbeing. However, little research has explored youth who have dropped out of school with a specific focus on their free time experience and use of substances. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe free time experience and substance use amongst youth who have dropped out of school in Cape Town. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods study with two phases including quantitative (Phase one) and qualitative (Phase two) was conducted. In Phase one, data from an existing dataset was analysed. The data were from 970 youth who had dropped out of school in Cape Town who had completed the HealthWise Risk Behaviour Survey in 2016. Descriptive statistics regarding the use of free time and the prevalence of substance use were computed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. In Phase two, thirty-two participants were selected using convenience sampling who took part in one of four focus group discussions to explore in-depth the results computed in Phase one of the study. Steps were taken to enhance the validity, reliability and trustworthiness of the data.

Although sensation-seeking status is associated with age of initiation and amount of drug use among adolescents, and sensitivity to the behavioral and reinforcing effects of drugs among young adults, it is unclear whether sensation-seeking status among adolescents is predictive of sensitivity to the pharmacological effects of drugs (i.e. abuse potential) as adults. This study examined the acute behavioral effects of oral diazepam and d-amphetamine in young adults, ages 18-21 years, who had consistently scored in the highest or lowest third of their grade-based cohort on a modified Sensation Seeking Scale that was completed annually between ages 10 and 14 years. Healthy participants completed 16 7.5-h test days, with test days separated by a minimum of 48 h. Each day, assessments consisting of computer task performance, verbal report of drug effects, and cardiovascular measures were completed 0, 50, 110, 170, 230, and 290 min after drug administration. Placebo and three active doses of diazepam and d-amphetamine (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/70 kg) were tested under double-blind conditions according to a randomized-block design. Typical stimulant and sedative effects were obtained with d-amphetamine and diazepam, respectively. Drug effects varied as a function of sensation-seeking status, with magnitude of effects on cardiovascular function, task performance, and report of positive drug effects being greater among high sensation seekers, and report of negative drug effects being greater among low sensation seekers. Adolescents who report high levels of sensation seeking on a consistent basis are more sensitive to pharmacological effects of stimulant and sedative drugs that are associated with abuse potential as young adults.

The aim of this bachelor study is to examine the extent of sensationalism on the front pages of the newspaper and tabloid press in Sweden. The study also examines the variety of news categories and how the news values have evolved over the last ten years. By using a quantitative content analysis one could examine and compare 531 main stories on the front pages of Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet – the biggest newspaper and tabloid press in Sweden. The study examines what news topics, main agents and type of sensationalism that was present in the main stories. The results show that a majority of the main stories in both papers included some kind of sensationalism, but that the extent of sensationalism has decreased during the ten year period examined. The main difference between the papers is that main stories from Aftonbladet were more often based on cheap editorial content and contained a higher extent of sensationalism compared to Dagens Nyheter. Politics was the most common news topic in Dagens Nyheter during all three years. Law and crime was the most common news topic in Aftonbladet during 2009 and 2014, while health and lifestyle was the most common news topic during 2019. The differences between Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet may have to do with the viral journalism-phenomenon that became huge in 2014. While Aftonbladet started to publish more simple, sensational and cheap editorial main stories, Dagens Nyheter focused on so called long-reads – profound stories on subjects that matters.

Hispanic college students are more at risk of poor academic performance and dropping out than any other racial group. The Hispanic college population continues to grow, yet rates of retention and achievement for this group continue to decline. Previous research on Hispanic college students has examined factors that contribute to underachievement and declining graduation rates, but they are limited to students attending 4-year institutions. This study examined if grade point averages (GPAs) were affected by levels of self-efficacy, resiliency, and sensation seeking. Bandura's self-efficacy and social cognitive theories along with Zuckerman and Kuhlman's theory of sensation-seeking were the theoretical frameworks that guided the present study. Hispanic students with high levels of self-efficacy were expected to have higher GPAs than students with low levels of self-efficacy. Students who were high sensation seekers were hypothesized to have lower GPAs than low sensation seekers. Lastly, it was hypothesized that sensation-seeking behaviors would be correlated with lower GPAs and lower levels of self-efficacy. The resiliency aspect 'coping with stress makes me stronger' was a significant predictor of GPA. Sensation-seeking activities such as roller coaster riding, sex before marriage, and skiing were shown to correlate with lower GPAs. College self-efficacy did not have a relationship to Hispanic community college students' GPAs. These findings may be important to educators, administrators, and others directly involved in promoting student success in college because students at risk for low academic performance and dropping out of college can be identified earlier and therefore early intervention strategies can be implemented.

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In the recent literature, there is some debate over Reid’s theory of perception. Commentators are divided on whether or not Reid’s theory is consistent with an acquaintance model of perception. I will show that Reid’s views are not consistent with an acquaintance model, but that he nevertheless had good reasons to subscribe to this model. There is, therefore, an interesting tension in Reid’s theory of perception. I then develop a modified Reidian acquaintance model of perception as a way of resolving these tensions in light of an argument contained in Reid’s Philosophical Orations, and defuse recent objections to the acquaintance interpretation in the process. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In this dissertation I examine an ongoing debate in the contemporary literature on Thomas Reid over the nature of his account of perception. I argue that one interpretation of Reid’s theory of perception that has been entertained fails, and that this does not, for various reasons, bode well for the viability of his account. I argue that Reid had available a straightforward way to revise his theory in order to avoid this difficulty, and I explicate this simple revision.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.