SANTOS, João Batista Mulato. Gênero humano, indivíduo e natureza em Ludwig Feuerbach. 2016. 99f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-23T12:15:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jbmsantos.pdf: 1149746 bytes, checksum: 5908f3c1d7841182a20927da09fea369 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T12:55:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jbmsantos.pdf: 1149746 bytes, checksum: 5908f3c1d7841182a20927da09fea369 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-23T12:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jbmsantos.pdf: 1149746 bytes, checksum: 5908f3c1d7841182a20927da09fea369 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This work begins with the philosophical critic of Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804-1868) about religion, speculative philosophy and all forms of idealism that underlies man from empty abstractions that deny its generic essence to transfer it for imaginary being created by himself in his own image and likeness. Throughout the text will be displayed the concepts of true and false essence of religion, the generic essence of man, nature and the subjective essence of religion as Feuerbach articulated in his writings over several times in his life. The works used as main references are The Essence of Christianity (1841), The Lectures on the Essence of Religion(1851) and Principles of Future Philosophy and other Writings(1843), where the main arguments supporting his philosophy of sensitivity are exposed. Throughout this text are highlighted and compared the different perspectives, according to the survey, about religion and the man in relation to the analysis made by Feuerbach to this theme in The Essence of Christianity and Lectures on the Essence of Religion. The first work is noted an anthropological - objective analysis of this topic and in the second the philosopher focuses on a psychological - subjective influence provided by nature to the man who is at the mercy of its dangers arising from a non-reciprocal relationship with her. For Feuerbach, the Christian religion is an immediate counterpoint to nature because she subdues their whim making it dependent on a subjective will, God. But Feuerbach's philosophy has as its starting point the sensitive experience and puts nature as uncreated, absolute and independent, she being and the material means the true responsible for the origin of man creator of the gods. Thus, this research will focus on man's relationship with nature and the individual with his gender, questioning what gives rise primarily religious sentiment. This feeling, according to Feuerbach, is at least essential or innate to humans, but is analyzed here which provides, essentially, your awakening or develop in him the ability to create gods and who is the creator of the gods? What is the most memorable moment that enables men to create their gods? It is from the time they recognize their gender, which is bearer of perfect determinations (human essence), which happens to be religion in human life, as in the case of Christianity, or is from a non-reciprocal relationship the nature? What is more fundamental in Feuerbach's philosophy to religion there are the perfections of man as a genre or the imperfections of man as an individual in his poor relationship, non-reciprocal, with the contingencies of the material world? Thus, the criticism of Feuerbach to religion can also note the occurrence of an anthropological turn which allows the emergence of a new ethical theory based on the relationship I - You, in other words, the man with the other without the mediation of any divine being, abstract, and this theory places it in its entirety in the center of this philosophy admitting it to be sensitive body that is inserted in nature and only it depends to be. / A presente pesquisa tem como ponto de partida a crítica filosófica que Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804-1872) faz sobre a religião, filosofia especulativa e toda forma de idealismo que fundamenta o homem a partir de abstrações vazias, negando assim sua essência genérica ao transferi-la para um ser imaginário criado por ele mesmo à sua imagem e semelhança. Ao longo do texto serão expostos os conceitos da essência verdadeira e falsa da religião, da essência genérica do homem, da natureza e da essência subjetiva da religião tal como Feuerbach articula em seus escritos no decorrer de vários momentos de sua vida. As obras usadas como referências principais são A Essência do Cristianismo (1841), Preleções sobre a Essência da Religião (1851) e Princípios da Filosofia do Futuro e outros Escritos (1843), onde são expostos os principais argumentos que fundamentam sua filosofia da sensibilidade. No decorrer deste texto são evidenciadas e confrontadas as perspectivas distintas, de acordo com a presente pesquisa, sobre a religião e o homem no que se refere à análise feita por Feuerbach para este tema em A Essência do Cristianismo e nas Preleções sobre a Essência da Religião. Na primeira obra é notada uma análise antropológica-objetiva para este tema e na segunda o filósofo se debruça em um viés psicológico-subjetivo que tem como base a relação entre a natureza e o homem que se encontra à mercê de seus perigos. Para Feuerbach, a religião cristã é um contraponto imediato à natureza, pois ela a subjuga conforme seus caprichos tornando-a dependente de uma vontade subjetiva, a saber Deus. Mas a filosofia feuerbachiana tem como ponto de partida a experiência sensível e coloca a natureza como incriada, absoluta e independente, sendo ela e os meios materiais os verdadeiros responsáveis pela origem do homem criador dos deuses. Logo, esta pesquisa se concentrará no relacionamento do homem com a natureza e do indivíduo com o seu gênero, questionando o que faz surgir, primordialmente, o sentimento religioso. Esse sentimento, de acordo com Feuerbach, é no mínimo essencial ou inato ao ser humano, mas é aqui analisado o que proporciona, primordialmente, o seu despertar ou desenvolve nele a capacidade de criação de deuses? E quem é o homem criador de deuses? Qual o momento mais marcante que possibilita aos humanos criarem seus deuses? É a partir do momento em que eles reconhecem seu gênero, que é portador de determinações perfeitas (as essentidades), que passa a existir a religião em suas vidas, como é o caso do cristianismo, ou é a partir de sua relação não recíproca com a natureza? O que é mais fundamental na filosofia feuerbachiana para que exista religião, são as perfeições do homem enquanto gênero, ou as imperfeições do homem enquanto indivíduo em seu relacionamento insuficiente, não recíproco, com as contingências do mundo material? Desta forma, na crítica de Feuerbach à religião podemos também notar a ocorrência de uma virada antropológica que possibilita o surgimento de uma nova teoria ética baseada na relação Eu-Tu, isto é, do homem com o outro sem a mediação de nenhum ente divino, abstrato, e essa teoria o coloca em sua integralidade no centro dessa filosofia admitindo-o como ser sensível, corpóreo que está inserido na natureza e apenas dela depende para existir.

In this study, Hazus-MH (v 2.1 SP 2) flood-loss estimation tools were assessed for their sensitivity to an array of different building and model parameters. The purpose of this study is to help guide users of the Hazus-MH flood-loss modeling tool in the selection of most appropriate model parameters. Six model parameters (square footage of the building, building age, construction types, foundation types, first floor heights, and the number of stories in the building) were assessed for their impacts on flood losses using the Hazus-MH user defined and aggregate flood-loss models. Building stock databases for these analyses were developed using county assessor records from two Illinois counties. A validation assessment was also performed using observed flood-damage survey data collected after the 2011 Mississippi River Flood which inundated the Olive Branch Area in Alexander County, Illinois. This analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the detailed Hazus-MH User Defined Facility (UDF) flood-loss modeling tool. The foundation types and its associated first floor heights and number of stories in the building were found to substantially impact flood-loss estimates using the Hazus-MH flood-loss modeling tool. The model building parameters square footage, building age and construction type had little or no effect on the flood-loss estimates. The validation assessment reveled Hazus-MH UDF flood-loss modeling tool is capable of providing a reasonable estimate of actual flood losses. The validation assessment showed the modeled results to be within 23% of actual losses. The validation study results attained in this study using the detailed UDF flood-loss modeling tool where more realistic (within 23% of actual losses versus > 50% of actual losses) than previous Hazus-MH flood-loss validation assessments. The flood-loss estimates could be further improved by modifying or choosing a more region specific depth-damage curve, using higher resolution DEM and improving the flood-depth grid by incorporating more detailed flood elevation data or estimates using detailed hydraulic models that better reflects the local inundation conditions.

The Saline Valley Conservancy District (SVCD) formed in 1980 to provide groundwater to communities in Saline and Gallatin, Counties, Illinois. Sulfate contamination from a nearby coal mine threatens the SVCD’s current well field. Three of the wells are reaching the end of their service and have elevated levels of sulfate. This study investigated multiple well configurations on three different parcels of land to find possible new well locations that do not recharge water directly from the mine site over a 50-year period. A steady-state finite difference groundwater flow model was created using Graphic Groundwater GIS (Krienert and Esling, 2016), a pre and post-processor for MODFLOW (Harbaugh, 2005) and MODPATH (Pollock, 2012). The calibration and sensitivity analysis followed methods from Esling et al. (2008). Hydraulic heads were calibrated to the land surface and a systematic sensitivity analysis varied recharge, hydraulic conductivity, and drain and river conductance to produce composite capture zones. Well locations must also meet SVCD requirements that would minimize distance from current water lines and consider properties they already owned. New wells also needed to be located in areas where the aquifer exceeds 25 m thick and be separated by 305 meters to minimize drawdown. This study also considered the effects of irrigation on the aquifer. Varying recharge, hydraulic conductivity and conductance within reasonable ranges created six capture zones for the proposed wells, each with different geometries. The capture zones were superimposed onto a map to make a composite capture zone which should contain the actual capture zone for the wells. Varying conductance caused subtle changes in capture zone geometry. Low values of conductance caused particle tracks to elongate. Irrigation wells and some proposed well locations caused substantial dewatering in one area of the aquifer. The study discovered several well configurations on each of the parcels that do not source water from the mine site over 50 years.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Balasubramaniam Natarajan / Active consumers who engage in energy consumption, production, storage and provide ancillary services in a dynamic and interactive manner will be an integral part of the future grid. Firstly, this dissertation models and analyzes the interaction between active consumers and aggregators with a specific focus on consumer actions in response to real-time electricity pricing and the resulting impact on grid voltage. A unique prospect theory based consumer behavior model is introduced. This model captures wide range of consumers each with their individual preferences by modeling the interaction between the active consumers and the aggregator as a Stackelberg game. However, unlike existing game theoretic efforts that assume rational behavior of consumers, the prospect theory based models systematically incorporate realistic consumer behavior including irrationality. Secondly, this dissertation develops probabilistic voltage sensitivity analysis. In contrast to prior approaches that limit themselves to economic aspects, the proposed techno-economic perspective provides an understanding of the impact of large scale penetration of active consumers on the physical grid. Most current studies are scenario-based, and derived results are scenario specific. Determining the impact of spatially distributed active consumers with temporally variable behavior requires investigation of a large number of scenarios, which is computationally intractable using current iterative power flow algorithms. This work provides a new analytical method of voltage sensitivity analysis that allows for stochastic analysis of change in grid voltage due to change in consumer behavior (load and generation choices). This work first derives an upper bound for change in voltage at a particular bus due to change in power consumption at other buses in a radial distribution network. Next, this bound is used to derive the probability distribution of change voltage at a bus due to randomly changing power consumption/injection of random spatial distribution of the active consumers. This upper bound is also used to develop an algorithmic approach to identify the dominant influencer of voltage fluctuations in the power distribution system. Thirdly, security and stability aspects of transactive energy market based power distribution system is investigated. Specifically, the impact of attacks on pricing/load signals on the physical grid is quantified. This work models the interaction between real-time electricity price and total energy demand in the form of a discrete time non-linear autonomous dynamical system. Equilibrium electricity price and energy demand associated with this coupled dynamical system is derived and conditions for bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability are identified. Then, a BIBO stable algorithm to design real-time electricity pricing scheme from a techno-economic perspective is developed. Finally, the impact of various level of false data injection (FDI) attack on price of electricity, demand and distribution system voltage is investigated. This dissertation shows that impact of FDI attack on electricity prices is more severe than an attack on electricity demand.

Thermoacoustic instability is one of the most significant problems faced in the design of some combustion systems. Thermoacoustic oscillations arise due to feedback between acoustic waves and unsteady heat release rate when the fluctuating heat release rate is sufficiently in phase with the unsteady pressure. The primary aim of designers is to design linearly stable thermoacoustic systems in which these dangerous oscillations do not arise. In thermoacoustics, adjoint-based sensitivity analysis has shown promise at predicting the parameters which have the most influence on the linear growth and decay rates as well as oscillation frequency observed during periods of linear growth and decay. Therefore, adjoint-based methods could prove to be a valuable tool for developing optimal passive control solutions. This thesis aims to develop novel experimental sensitivity analysis techniques and provide a first comparison with the predictions of adjoint-based sensitivity analysis. In this thesis experimental sensitivity analysis is performed on (i) a vertical electrically-driven Rijke tube, and (ii) a vertical flame-driven Rijke tube. On the electrically-driven Rijke tube, the feedback sensitivity is studied by investigating the shift in linear growth and decay rates and oscillation frequency observed during periods of linear growth and decay due to the introduction of a variety of passive control devices. On the flame-driven Rijke tube, the base-state sensitivity is studied by investigating how the linear growth and decay rates as well as oscillation frequency during periods of linear growth and decay change as the convective time delay of the flame is modified. Adjoint-based sensitivity analysis gives the shift in linear growth and decay rate and the oscillation frequency when parameters are changed. This thesis provides experimental measurements of the same quantities, for comparison with the numerical sensitivity analysis, opening up new avenues for the development, implementation and validation of optimal passive control strategies for more complex thermoacoustic systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinheiro_rm_me_botfm.pdf: 223851 bytes, checksum: 1dc74a346247bb44602b731511799dc6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A avaliação do equilíbrio do idoso morador da comunidade pode ser realizada usando testes práticos do equilíbrio e da sensibilidade cutânea plantar. Verificar a ocorrência de desequilíbrio e perda da sensibilidade táctil plantar, observar se ocorre associação entre estas alterações e se a realização conjunta dos testes de equilíbrio e da sensibilidade plantar aumenta a precisão da avaliação. Serie de casos compreendendo 45 idosos testados através da escala de equilíbrio de Berg e do teste da sensibilidade cutânea plantar com monofilamentos de nylon. Foram utilizados os testes do qui quadrado, e exato de Fisher e elaboradas curvas ROC para estudo da sensibilidade e especificidade do teste de Berg. Idosos com alteração do equilíbrio e da sensibilidade plantar foram em número de 2 e de 4, respectivamente. Houve associação significante entre queixa de desequilíbrio e sensibilidade (p = 0,047) e houve concordância razoável (Kappa = 0,6457) entre a escala de Berg e o teste da sensibilidade, assim como verificou-se associação significativa entre 6 das 14 tarefas da escala e o teste da sensibilidade plantar. Idosos com vida independente na comunidade, em sua grande maioria, apresentam equilíbrio e sensibilidade cutânea plantar normais, havendo indícios de que as alterações destas funções estão associadas. A realização de testes práticos do equilíbrio e da sensibilidade cutânea plantar aumenta a precisão da avaliação do estado do equilíbrio do idoso. / Balance assessment in community-dwelling elderly can be performed by using clinical balance and plantar cutaneous sensation tests. To evaluate the occurrence of inbalance and loss of plantar tactile sensitivity as well as to observe the occurence of association between such alterations and whether the consoint performing of these tests increase the accuracy of the evaluation. A series of cases comprising 45 elderly individuals tested by the Berg balance scale and the plantar cutaneous sensation test with nylon monofilaments. Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests were used and ROC curves were designed to study the sensitivity and specificity of the Berg test. Two and 4 individuals showed alteration in balance and plantar sensation, respectively. There was a significant association between inbalance complaints and sensitivity (p = 0.047), and there was reasonable agreement (Kappa = 0.6457) between the Berg scale and the sensitivity test. A significant association was also found among 6 of the 14 tasks in the Berg scale and the plantar sensitivity test. Most of the elderly individuals leading an independent life in the community showed normal balance and plantar cutaneous sensation, and there was evidence that alterations in these functions are associated. The performance of practical balance and plantar cutaneous sensations tests increases accuracy in the evaluation of elderly individuals’ balance conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_am_me_botfm.pdf: 1340334 bytes, checksum: b26b55556f3f00a6c239a58042141404 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é uma das infecções mais comuns na prática clínica, sendo S. saprophyticus o segundo agente mais frequente na comunidade. Esse estudo objetivou comparar três métodos fenotípicos de identificação e avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos em Staphylococcus spp. isolados de pacientes com ITU. As 101 amostras de estafilococos isoladas foram identificadas pelo disco de novobiocina, Vitek I e método simplificado de provas bioquímicas, utilizando como referência o método genotípico ITS-PCR. A prova da DNAse teve uma boa correlação com a coagulase em tubo, apresentando 100,0% sensibilidade e 97,6% de especificidade. No teste de concordância entre os métodos de identificação, o método simplificado de provas bioquímicas obteve taxas de concordância de 98,0% em relação ao ITS-PCR, enquanto que com o Vitek I foi de 81,2%, e com o disco de novobiocina de 89,1%. O maior percentual de resistência encontrado foi à oxacilina (78,0%) seguido da penicilina (73,0%), sendo todas as amostras sensíveis à vancomicina, linezolida e nitrofurantoina. Os 17 isolados de S. aureus encontrados foram identificados corretamente por todos os métodos e os que carreavam o SCCmec do tipo III foram os que apresentaram maior resistência aos antimicrobianos. Das 18 amostras de estafilococos mecA positivos encontradas neste estudo, 15 (83,3%) foram resistentes aos discos de cefoxitina e oxacilina concomitantemente, além disso foram resistentes também à oxacilina pelo E-test® e pelo Vitek I. Dos 57 S. saprophyticus, 7 (12,3%) foram resistentes ao disco de cefoxitina e nenhum apresentou o gene mecA, enquanto 56 (98,2%) demonstraram resistência ao disco de oxacilina, sendo que todos foram resistentes pelo E-teste® e pelo Vitek I e somente dois apresentaram o gene mecA e carreavam o SCCmec do tipo IV. Em relação aos métodos de detecção... / Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in clinical practice, and S. saprophyticus is the second most frequent agent in the community. This study aimed at comparing three phenotypic methods to identify and evaluate the sensitivity profile to antimicrobials in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from patients with UTI. The 101 samples of staphylococcus isolated were identified by novobiocin disks, Vitek I and the simplified method of biochemical tests, using the ITS-PCR genotypic method as reference. The DNAse test showed good correlation with tube coagulase, exhibiting 100.0% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity. In the agreement test between the identification methods, the simplified method of biochemical tests showed agreement rates of 98.0% in relation to ITS-PCR, whilst with Vitek I, it was of 81.2%, and with the novobiocin disk, it was of 89.1%. The highest resistance percentage found was to oxacillin (78.0%), followed by penicillin (73.0%), and all samples were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and nitrofurantoin. The 17 isolates of S. aureus found were correctly identified by all methods, and those carrying type-III SCCmec showed the greatest resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 18 mecA-positive staphylococcus samples found in this study, 15 (83.3%) were concomitantly resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. Additionally, they were also resistant to oxacillin by the E-test® and by Vitek I. Of the 57 S. saprophyticus, 7 (12.3%) were resistant to the cefoxitin disk, and none showed the mecA gene, while 56 (98.2%) showed resistance to the oxacillin disk, all of them were resistant by the E-test® and by Vitek I, and only two showed the mecA gene and carried the type-IV SCCmec. As regards the detection methods for oxacillin resistance, the diffusion technique with oxacillin disks, E-test® and Vitek I showed greater sensitivity (94.4%) and lower specificity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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