Submitted by JULIANA ROBERTA GOBI QUEIROZ null (julianaque@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T21:06:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Regina Gobi Queiroz tese final.pdf: 1884473 bytes, checksum: 87837c22f3ac5eb237d7d319e1daa775 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-29T18:07:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_jrg_dr_bot.pdf: 1884473 bytes, checksum: 87837c22f3ac5eb237d7d319e1daa775 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T18:07:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_jrg_dr_bot.pdf: 1884473 bytes, checksum: 87837c22f3ac5eb237d7d319e1daa775 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Os gramados podem ser utilizados em diversos ambientes com diferentes propósitos, e possuem características intrínsecas como a espécie de grama utilizada, o nível de manutenção e as técnicas adotadas. O uso de reguladores de crescimento, dentro de um manejo adequado, possibilita uma maior eficiência seja na manutenção ou produção de tapetes de qualidade. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de trinexapac-ethyl, piraclostrobina associado ou não ao epoxiconazol e prohexadionecálcio como reguladores vegetais, sobre o crescimento e a qualidade dos tapetes de gramas das espécies Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.), São Carlos (Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv.) e Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon (L.)). No primeiro estudo, os tratamentos e doses (g i.a. ha-1) testados, com e sem reaplicação foram: trinexapac-ethyl de 113,0 a 226,0, piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol de (66,5+25,0) a (113,0+50), piraclostrobina de 100,0 a 200,0, além de uma testemunha para cada espécie avaliada. No segundo estudo, os tratamentos e doses (g i.a. ha-1) testados, com duas e três reaplicações foram: prohexadione-cálcio de 27,5 a 165,0, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação do regulador de crescimento. Em ambos os estudos, foram realizadas avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade através de uma escala de notas, na qual, “0” correspondeu a nenhuma injúria demonstrada pelas plantas e “100” a morte das plantas. Também foram avaliados: altura das plantas, número de inflorescências, além da coleta das aparas para determinação da massa seca. Ao final do estudo, os vasos foram desmontados sobre uma peneira e os tapetes foram lavados, bem como o sistema radicular. Em seguida avaliou-se a espessura total do tapete com e sem aparas, comprimento de raiz e posteriormente determinou-se da massa seca deste material. Todos os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo Teste F, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de “t” a 5% de probabilidade, com auxílio do programa estatístico Sisvar. Todos os reguladores vegetais foram visualmente seletivos às espécies de grama. Os tratamentos com trinexapac-ethyl e prohexadione-cálcio reduziram o crescimento das três espécies de grama dependendo da dose e da época testada. Os tratamentos com piraclostrobina aplicada isolada ou em mistura dependendo da época, da dose e da espécie podem proporcionar uma melhor qualidade do tapete de grama. / The turfgrasses can be used in different environments for different purposes, and possess intrinsic properties such as species of grass used, the level of maintenance and the techniques adopted. The use of plant growth regulators within a proper handling, enables a higher efficiency is the maintenance or production grass sod quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of trinexapac-ethyl, pyraclostrobin associated or not with epoxiconazole and prohexadione-calcium as plant regulators on the growth and quality of species grasses Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.), São Carlos (Axonopus compressus (SW.) Beauv.) and Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon (L.)). In the first study, the doses and treatments (g a.i. ha-1 ) tested, both with and without reapplication were: trinexapac-ethyl of 113.0 to 226.0, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazol of (66.5+25.0) to (113.0+50.0), pyraclostrobin of 100.0 to 200.0, in addition to a control for each species evaluated. In the second study, the doses and treatments (g a.i. ha-1 ) tested with two and three reapplication were prohexadione-calcium of 27.5 to 165.0, plus a control without application of growth regulator. In both studies, were performed visual injury evaluations using a scale of notes, in which "0" corresponded to any injury, demonstrated by plants and "100" the death of plants. Were also assessed: plant height, number of inflorescences, in addition to the collection of scrap to determine the dry mass. At the end of the period of conducting the study, the vessels were dismantled on a sieve and rugs were washed away, as well as the root system. Then the total thickness of the mat with and without chips, root length and subsequently was dry mass of this material. All experiments were installed in completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The results were submitted to analysis of variance F-test, and the averages of the treatments were compared by t test at 5% probability, with the aid of statistical program Sisvar. All plant growth regulators were visually selective to the grass species. The treatment with trinexapac-ethyl and prohexadione-calcium reduced the growth of three species of grass depending on dose and season tested. Treatments with pyraclostrobin applied alone or in combination depending on the season, the dose and the species can provide a better quality of the grass sod. / CNPq: 141423/2012-9

Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is one of the most troublesome weeds of rice in Mississippi. Its resistance to multiple modes of action has made it more difficult to control in recent years. The most effective and economical management strategy to control Italian ryegrass is fall-applied residual herbicides; however, the most effective products are not labeled for use in the fall prior to rice seeding. Therefore, research was conducted in Stoneville, MS, to evaluate the effect of fall-applied residual herbicides on rice growth and development. Acetochlor should not be applied in fall targeting Italian ryegrass in fields where rice is scheduled for seeding the following spring. Clomazone remains the only viable treatment as a fall-applied residual herbicide in rice areas.