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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Confrontations artistiques et féministes aux hiérarchies du genre / Art and feminism confronting gender-related hierarchies

Latry, Magalie 18 June 2018 (has links)
Polysémie du genre : il définit le sexe social comme les genres artistiques. Une même logique de classement hiérarchique y serait-elle à l’œuvre ? Les conditions d'exercice des femmes artistes, dont un stéréotype veut qu'elles se cantonnent aux genres dits mineurs, permettent de le penser. Corollaire de cette question logique, celle de la concomitance historique : les genres artistiques sont-ils mis en question aux mêmes moments que ce que l'historiographie féministe nomme les « trois vagues » ? Sept œuvres particulières nous aideront à penser les confrontations aux hiérarchies du genre à l'âge classique et aux moments des trois vagues féministes : Nature morte aux abricots, de Louise Moillon, 1634, Portrait d'une négresse, de Marie-Guillemine Benoist, 1800, Clotho, de Camille Claudel, 1893, Autoportrait de Claude Cahun, 1928, Tir de Niki de Saint Phalle, 1961, Azione sentimentale, de Gina Pane, 1973, Le Régime chromatique, de Sophie Calle, 1997. En dépit de progrès – notion qui est questionnée plutôt que considérée comme acquise – certains traits attribués aux femmes artistes perdurent. Un regard transversal voit émerger les thèmes d'une hiérarchie toujours à l’œuvre. Ils sont de l'ordre du stigmate : elles sont toujours un peu folles, cuisinières, coquettes, médiocres, sorcières, définies et gouvernées par leur sexe. Le genre, tant qu'il n'est pas interrogé en tant que tel, semble être la garantie de la permanence de ces stigmates. Resterait donc à le contourner : par les textes, le corps (corps représentés, corps des images, corps des artistes), et par le cœur même de la pratique plastique, le rapport de l'artiste à la matière : la plasticité. / The French word genre has several meanings, including an artistic genre, but also gender – the social traits associated with one sex. Does it follow that the same hierarchy-based systems are at work in both fields of art genre and social gender? Anyone is allowed to conclude so, who considers the practising conditions of women artists, whom a stereotype accuses of restraining their work to so-called minor genres. As a consequence, the issue of historical simultaneity arises: were artistic genres questioned at the same periods as what feminist historiography calls “the three waves”? This thesis focuses on seven specific art pieces so as to examine how gender-related hierarchy systems were confronted in classicism and during each period concerned by the three feminist waves: Nature morte aux abricots, by Louise Moillon, 1634, Portrait d'une négresse, by Marie-Guillemine Benoist, 1800, Clotho, by Camille Claudel, 1893, Autoportrait by Claude Cahun, 1928, Tir by Niki de Saint Phalle, 1961, Azione sentimentale, by Gina Pane, 1973, and Le régime chromatique, by Sophie Calle, 1997. Despite a number of improvements – a notion which is questioned rather than acknowledged – certain features are persistently attributed to women artists. A crosswise look at their work reveals that the patterns of hierarchy are still operating. These features are a matter of stigma: woman artists are inevitably unhinged creatures, cooks, coquettes, mediocre artists or even witches, and always defined and driven by sex. Gender, as long as it isn’t questioned as such, seems to be serving as a guarantee for the permanence of those stigmas. One could try to get around the gender issue, using texts, bodies (represented bodies, bodies of images, bodies of the artists), and the very core of plastic practice, the relationship between the artist and the material: plasticity.

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