This document summarises the commandments of Shabbat. / Der Text ist eine Zusammenfassung der Shabbatvorschriften des rabbinischen Judentums.

The choral music of Israeli composer Paul Ben-Haim (1897-1984) falls clearly into two distinct compositional periods. Born in Munich, Germany as Paul Frankenburger, the composer received formal, classical training at the Munich Academy of Music. His compositions from this period are an amalgamation of many styles, and they include influences of Bach, Handel, Mahler, Debussy, and Strauss. In 1933, Ben-Haim, along with other trained artists and composers, immigrated to Palestine as part of the Fifth Aliyah. Prior to this wave of immigration, Palestine had not yet received any serious composers, and musically, was still in its infancy. Eager to divorce themselves from the West and identify with their new home in the East, Ben-Haim and his fellow transplant composers sought a new musical language and a unique voice for Israel. Enamored with the exotic sounds of his new environment, Ben-Haim began to absorb elements of Eastern Mediterranean music into his compositions. As a Westerner, he was not familiar with these Eastern traditional folk song melodies, modes, and scales, and he required outside source materials from which to draw. This document examines two choral works, one from each of Paul Ben-Haim’s style periods, Joram (1933) and Kabbalat Shabbat (1968), and identifies the compositional source materials that yielded a significant change in the character and style of his work.

The thesis deals with important and festive days in the Jewish calendar. It studies their origin both in historical context and in the context of celebrations and customs observed during the festivals. It deals with the festivals both from the religious point of view, i.e. religious commands and orders, and from the societal point of view where it aims at mapping the customs and traditions which are followed but which are not based on religious texts or rabbi tradition. The scope of the text dedicated in the thesis to specific festivals does not strictly copy the religious importance or the popularity of a particular festival with Jewish population; rather, it is guided by the scope of historical background and customs followed in connection with the festival. As a result, some less popular festivals in the society are more prominent than it would have been expected judging by their importance. The thesis presents individual festivals in the chronological order of the religious year, with the exception of Shabbat which is observed every week and Rosh Chodesh celebrated monthly. These festivals were included before other festivals and make up a separate chapter. The broad scope of the thesis encompassing all festive days, including modern festivals, mostly established by the State of Israel, enables...

[pt] A teologia do domingo se desenvolve a partir da ressureição de Cristo. Diante desse evento, os Apóstolos compreenderam que esse dia deveria ser recordado como memorial pascal da nova e eterna Aliança. O domingo constitui, portanto, o novo tempo do culto cristão, deixando o sétimo dia, o sábado judaico, para então se tornar o primeiro dia da semana como o dia santo. O domingo também assume uma perspectiva escatológica, chamado de o oitavo dia, ou seja, o domingo que não tem fim e, para a vida da Igreja nascente, é um dia especial de culto. Os Padres da Igreja deixaram grande testemunho acerca desse dia que começa aqui para ter seu fim na eternidade. Essa dissertação propõe, então, perfazer um caminho de reflexão sobre a teologia do domingo, tendo em vista que, desde o Concílio Vaticano II, o domingo vem sendo celebrado com a proposta de uma participação plena, ativa e consciente. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, embasada na Sagrada Escritura, na Tradição, Magistério e Documentos da Igreja, assim como as leituras de vários estudiosos do assunto. A Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium teve grande relevância no tocante à questão litúrgica na vida Igreja, ajudando a comunidade de fé a celebrar e viver o mistério de Cristo. A impostação da pesquisa é histórico-salvífica, visto que, desde a criação, já estava presente o desígnio do Pai de salvar e redimir o ser humano, e reúne elementos bíblicos e da eclesiologia litúrgica. O domingo torna-se o lugar privilegiado da irradiação da graça divina através da celebração do Mistério Pascal de Cristo, produzindo nos fiéis uma transformação para a vida. A comunidade que celebra a fé no dia do Senhor se vê guiada pelo Espírito que estava presente na criação, verbalizado na aliança no Sinai e encarnado no Cristo. / [en] The Sunday s theology grow away of Christ s resurrection. From here, this event understood that Day would be remembered as pascal memorial from the new and eternal alliance. Sunday constitute as much as new time of Christian Cult, leaving the Jewish Saturday, the seventh Day, tobe the first Saint Day. Sunday also assumes a scatologic called for the eighth day, and being the Sunday that hasn t final. The priests from the church left a great testimony, about this Day that begins here in order to have a eternity without a final. This dissertation proposes to complete a way about the Sunday theology. There is a vision since the Vaticano Concilio II, Sundays have being celebrated wiht a proposal that plain has an active participation. The Sacrosanctum Concilium had a great revelation, touch the liturgic question in the life of church, helping the, faith of community to celebrate and to live the Christ mistery. The imposition of search is history secure. The placement about salvation, developed, showing us that since the creation it was present in the Father s purposes. They were saved and regained the human being. It assembled biblical and eclesiastic liturgical persons. So, on Sunday Day, it s a place grantee of divine kindness, through of celebration of Pascal Christ, producing us the transformation to the life. The community celebrate the faith in god s Day in a sanctified in the spirit that was present in the creation, verbalized in the alliance of Sinai and incarnated in Christ. Sunday is the Spirit s Day, proceed in the church in a eucaristic celebration.

Il lavoro di ricerca analizza in tutti i suoi aspetti la disciplina relativa alla rilevanza delle festività religiose nell'ordinamento italiano. Il primo capitolo è dedicato all'individuazione del valore che la festività assume nei diversi ordinamenti religiosi e in particolare nel diritto canonico, ebraico, islamico ed avventista. Il secondo capitolo analizza l'evoluzione della normativa unilaterale dello Stato italiano in materia di giorni festivi. Tra i vari problemi che interessano i rapporti tra confessioni religiose e Stato, quelli che più hanno dato luogo a dissensi, e che sono oggetto di trattazione nel terzo capitolo, riguardano essenzialmente la libertà di osservare il riposo festivo e di adempiere i doveri religiosi ad esso connessi, nonché l'obbligo dei datori di lavoro di rendere effettiva tale libertà organizzando l'attività lavorativa in modo che essa non ostacoli l'osservanza del riposo festivo. Nel quarto capitolo viene analizzata la disciplina pattizia, e in particolare le modalità di tutela del diritto alla festività e al riposo per i fedeli di confessioni che hanno stipulato un'Intesa con lo Stato italiano. Infine nell’ultima parte viene esaminata la normativa sulle celebrazioni pubbliche in occasione delle festività religiose in ambito statale, regionale e comunale. / This research analyses in all its aspects the importance of religious festivity in Italian law. The first chapter is dedicated to the individuation of the festivity value in religious rules, in particular in canon, islamic, jewish and adventist law. The second chapter analyses the evolution of unilateral italian rules of week days and holidays. One of the most important problem in the relationship between State and religious confessions regards the freedom of observe the weekly day off and connected religious duties. Employers must guarantee religious freedom, organizing working activity without preventing the observance of festive rest. In the fourth chapter has been analysed the pactional discipline, and in particular the way of protecting the right to observe holidays and rests for people who belong to a religious confession that stipulated an agreement with Italian State. In the last part of the thesis have been examined the norms about public celebrations on the occasion of religious festivity in statal, regional and communal laws.