Development of shear databases attracted a great deal of attention in the shear research community within the last decade. Although a few shear databases have already been developed by several research groups, there is no comprehensive shear database that is focused on prestressed concrete members. This thesis aims to develop a shear database for prestressed concrete members with an intensive literature review. This literature review resulted in a database that contained a total of 1,696 tests reported in North America, Japan, and Europe from 1954 to 2010. The database was used to evaluate shear design provisions available in North America, Japan, and Europe. The variations in measured versus calculated shear strength using twelve shear design equations were analyzed. The analysis results indicated that design expressions based on the Modified Compression Filed Theory (MCFT) produced the best performance to estimate the shear strength of prestressed concrete members with sufficient shear reinforcement. The MCFT-based design expressions, however, provided unconservative strength estimations for members that failed in shear but exhibited signs of horizontal shear damage and/or anchorage zone distress. The ACI 318-08 detailed method was found to be less conservative than the MCFT-based design expressions. Additionally, on the basis of a careful examination of test results included in the database, a new limit for the minimum shear reinforcement was proposed. The database was also used to investigate the shear behavior of prestressed concrete members. This investigation revealed that there was no evidence of size effect in the shear strength of prestressed concrete members with sufficient shear reinforcement. Additionally, it was found that prestress force and shear reinforcement increased the shear strength although there was an upper limit on the effectiveness of shear reinforcement. / text

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Asadollah Esmaeily / The shear and combined shear and torsion provisions of the AASHTO LRFD (2008) Bridge Design Specifications, as well as simplified AASHTO procedure for prestressed and non-prestressed reinforced concrete members were investigated and compared to their equivalent ACI 318-08 provisions. Response-2000, an analytical tool developed based on the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), was first validated against the existing experimental data and then used to generate the required data for cases where no experimental data was available. Several normal and prestressed beams, either simply supported or continuous were used to evaluate the AASHTO and ACI shear design provisions In addition, the AASHTO LRFD provisions for combined shear and torsion were investigated and their accuracy was validated against the available experimental data. These provisions were also compared to their equivalent ACI code requirements. The latest design procedures in both codes propose exact shear-torsion interaction equations that can directly be compared to the experimental results by considering all ϕ factors as one. In this comprehensive study, different over-reinforced, moderately-reinforced, and under-reinforced sections with high-strength and normal-strength concrete for both solid and hollow sections were analyzed. The main objectives of this study were to: • Evaluate the shear and the shear-torsion procedures proposed by AASHTO LRFD (2008) and ACI 318-08 • Validate the code procedures against the experimental results by mapping the experimental points on the code-based exact interaction diagrams • Develop a MathCAD program as a design tool for sections subjected to shear or combined shear and torsion

Desde o início do século XX, com as publicações de Ritter e Mörsch, o fenômeno da resistência ao cisalhamento de elementos em concreto armado começou a ser intensamente estudado. Diversos modelos de cálculo foram criados, tentando predizer o valor da resistência ultima de elementos de concreto armado, quando solicitados por esforços cisalhantes. O fenômeno da resistência ao cisalhamento é extremamente complexo, sendo influenciado por diversos fatores. A elaboração de ensaios e modelos de predição se torna complexa, pois, determinar quais são os parâmetros que influenciam significativamente o fenômeno do cisalhamento, não é simples. Outras dificuldades são: relacionar a resistência ao cisalhamento com o grau de solicitação por esforços fletores e compreender em quais intervalos de parâmetros os principais fatores influenciam o fenômeno. Sendo assim, é essencial verificar a aplicabilidade das normas técnicas em diversos intervalos destes fatores ou parâmetros. A partir da coleta de cerca de 1.200 resultados de ensaios de laboratório de vigas de concreto armado, solicitadas por esforços de cisalhamento, elaborou-se um banco de dados com os resultados de ensaios da força última resistente, juntamente com diversos parâmetros de cada ensaio. Para analisar os valores de predição das normas e os valores dos resultados de ensaios, foi necessário definir critérios de análise comparativa, e com ajuda de uma análise paramétrica, foi possível analisar a aplicabilidade de diversas normas em diversos intervalos de parâmetros, classificando assim, cada norma quanto à segurança e prudência ao uso. Baseado nos resultados das análises efetuadas foi possível verificar que as normas cujas formulações são derivadas da teoria do Modified Compression Field Theory apresentaram um comportamento uniforme e adequado na maioria dos intervalos de parâmetros. Verificou-se, que a norma brasileira NBR 6118 (2007) apresentou resultados satisfatórios nos intervalos usuais dos parâmetros. No entanto, a utilização da norma não se mostrou favorável nos seguintes casos: de média e baixa armadura de cisalhamento, para elementos com estribo; baixa quantidade de armadura longitudinal de flexão ou altura do elemento maior que 25 cm, para elementos sem estribo. / Since the beginning of twentieth century, along with academic publications of Ritter and Mörsch, several studies have been done in order to understand shear strength in reinforced concrete elements. Many mathematical models were created, so the ultimate shear strength in reinforced concrete element could be known when under shear stress. Shear strength phenomenon is extremely complex and influenced by several parameters. Developing laboratory tests and mathematical models become difficult steps when determining all the parameters that will contribute to the ultimate shear strength. Other difficulties are: the relationship between shear strength and different levels of bending stresses and understanding which interval of values the main parameters can interfere the phenomenon. Therefore, it is essential to check the feasibility of technical standards in various ranges of the mentioned parameters. From approximately 1,200 laboratory tests results of reinforced concrete beams under shear stresses, a database has been created with the results from the ultimate shear strength results, along with the parameters of each test. In order compare the values between technical standards and tests results, a criteria has been defined. Throughout a parametric analysis it was possible to check the standards feasibility under different parameters intervals. After, each standard was sorted to a safety level. Based on the results, the standards which formulations are derived from the Modified Compression Field Theory showed an uniform and adequate behavior in most intervals of each parameters. It was found that although the Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 (2007) showed good results in usual ranges of parameters, the standard presented unsatisfactory results on the following cases: low and medium shear reinforcement rate when with stirrups; low bending reinforcement rate when without stirrups and elements with depth over 25cm without stirrups.

Desde o início do século XX, com as publicações de Ritter e Mörsch, o fenômeno da resistência ao cisalhamento de elementos em concreto armado começou a ser intensamente estudado. Diversos modelos de cálculo foram criados, tentando predizer o valor da resistência ultima de elementos de concreto armado, quando solicitados por esforços cisalhantes. O fenômeno da resistência ao cisalhamento é extremamente complexo, sendo influenciado por diversos fatores. A elaboração de ensaios e modelos de predição se torna complexa, pois, determinar quais são os parâmetros que influenciam significativamente o fenômeno do cisalhamento, não é simples. Outras dificuldades são: relacionar a resistência ao cisalhamento com o grau de solicitação por esforços fletores e compreender em quais intervalos de parâmetros os principais fatores influenciam o fenômeno. Sendo assim, é essencial verificar a aplicabilidade das normas técnicas em diversos intervalos destes fatores ou parâmetros. A partir da coleta de cerca de 1.200 resultados de ensaios de laboratório de vigas de concreto armado, solicitadas por esforços de cisalhamento, elaborou-se um banco de dados com os resultados de ensaios da força última resistente, juntamente com diversos parâmetros de cada ensaio. Para analisar os valores de predição das normas e os valores dos resultados de ensaios, foi necessário definir critérios de análise comparativa, e com ajuda de uma análise paramétrica, foi possível analisar a aplicabilidade de diversas normas em diversos intervalos de parâmetros, classificando assim, cada norma quanto à segurança e prudência ao uso. Baseado nos resultados das análises efetuadas foi possível verificar que as normas cujas formulações são derivadas da teoria do Modified Compression Field Theory apresentaram um comportamento uniforme e adequado na maioria dos intervalos de parâmetros. Verificou-se, que a norma brasileira NBR 6118 (2007) apresentou resultados satisfatórios nos intervalos usuais dos parâmetros. No entanto, a utilização da norma não se mostrou favorável nos seguintes casos: de média e baixa armadura de cisalhamento, para elementos com estribo; baixa quantidade de armadura longitudinal de flexão ou altura do elemento maior que 25 cm, para elementos sem estribo. / Since the beginning of twentieth century, along with academic publications of Ritter and Mörsch, several studies have been done in order to understand shear strength in reinforced concrete elements. Many mathematical models were created, so the ultimate shear strength in reinforced concrete element could be known when under shear stress. Shear strength phenomenon is extremely complex and influenced by several parameters. Developing laboratory tests and mathematical models become difficult steps when determining all the parameters that will contribute to the ultimate shear strength. Other difficulties are: the relationship between shear strength and different levels of bending stresses and understanding which interval of values the main parameters can interfere the phenomenon. Therefore, it is essential to check the feasibility of technical standards in various ranges of the mentioned parameters. From approximately 1,200 laboratory tests results of reinforced concrete beams under shear stresses, a database has been created with the results from the ultimate shear strength results, along with the parameters of each test. In order compare the values between technical standards and tests results, a criteria has been defined. Throughout a parametric analysis it was possible to check the standards feasibility under different parameters intervals. After, each standard was sorted to a safety level. Based on the results, the standards which formulations are derived from the Modified Compression Field Theory showed an uniform and adequate behavior in most intervals of each parameters. It was found that although the Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 (2007) showed good results in usual ranges of parameters, the standard presented unsatisfactory results on the following cases: low and medium shear reinforcement rate when with stirrups; low bending reinforcement rate when without stirrups and elements with depth over 25cm without stirrups.

Nowadays / design, fabrication and erection of steel structures can be taken place at different locations as a result of rapid globalization / owners may require the use of widely accepted steel design codes. Therefore, engineers are faced with the challenge of being competent with several design specifications for a particular material type. AISC-360 and EC3 are widely accepted steel structure design specifications that utilize limit state principles with some similarities and differences in application. Hereby a study has been undertaken to put together the nominal strength expressions presented in both AISC-360 and EC3 codes in a single document, to identify the similarities and the differences in calculated strengths and to facilitate rapid learning of either of the specifications with prior knowledge of the other. Because of the wide scope of specifications, only fundamental failure modes are considered in this thesis. Resistance equations are directly compared with each other wherever possible. For cases where the treatment of specifications is entirely different, representative members were considered for comparison purposes.

The scope of the presented Diploma thesis was the establishment of calculation model for shear design of textile reinforced concrete members with rectangular cross-section. To accomplish this task, it was necessary to acquire the knowledge of the principles of shear design for steel reinforced concrete and existing design methods for textile reinforced concrete. Based on these principles, an experiment was designed as 3-point bending test to obtain values of acting shear force in textile reinforced concrete beams. These beams were filled with textile reinforcement made of carbon and alkali resistant glass and cast in the laboratory of the Solidian Company. An important factor for the experiment design was the a/d ratio which was constant for all tested beams. The value of acting shear force as well as of concrete compressive strength was obtained from each experiment. These values were used for the optimization of mathematical equation for the shear design of textile reinforced concrete members with rectangular cross-section. This equation was first analyzed to gain the knowledge of every influential factor. After, the coefficient CRm,c was determined from the experimental data using the methods of optimization. The problem statement resulted in the formula for shear design of textile reinforced concrete members with rectangular cross-section which may be applied with respect to the conditions of usability of the shear model.