Call number: LD2668 .T4 1957 V83

E-commerce has experienced exponential growth within the last few years. The rapid growth of e-commerce has created a need to improve consumer acceptance and the consumer's intention to engage in e-commerce. Female consumers have yet to embrace e-commerce as readily as male consumers. Differences between male and female consumer shopping behavior were examined. This study developed and empirically tested a model to predict the consumer's intention to engage in apparel e-commerce shopping based on the constructs of gender, shopping orientation, online experience, and Website's interactive features. Male and female U.S. consumers age 18 and older were surveyed to determine their intention to engage in apparel e-commerce shopping. A total of 240 responses were received. After the pre-analysis data screening, a total of 216 responses were available for further analyses. Factor analysis was conducted by using principal component analysis (PCA) with VARIMAX rotation. The PCA resulted in four new factors including consumer shopping preference (CSP), personalization Website features (PWF), shopping environment (SE), and social interaction (SI). The statistical method Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) was used to predict whether gender (G1), CSP, PWF, SE, and SI have a significant influence on the consumer's intention to engage in apparel e-commerce shopping. Results of the OLR indicated that CSP was the only significant predictor of INT. A second OLR model was developed to determine the interaction effect of G1, CSP, PWF, SE, and SI used to predict the probability of INT. Results indicated the interactions of G1 and CSP, CSP and PWF, G1 and PWF, as well as SE and SI were significant predictors of INT. Two important contributions of this study include 1) an investigation of the key constructs that contribute to the consumer's intention to engage in apparel e-commerce shopping, and 2) an investigation of the interaction effect between the key constructs used to predict the consumer's intention to engage in apparel e-commerce shopping. The investigation results provide online retailers with the knowledge of how to increase e-commerce acceptance through understanding differences in male and female consumer shopping behaviors.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The change in Greater Boston's retail structure are measured by comparing the 1960-1961 store patterns and their internal features with those which existed in 1946-1947. The foundation for the comparison is provided by Kenneth W. Walters' doctoral dissertation, "The Secondary Shopping Centers of Metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts," Department of Sociology, Syracuse University, 1949. Over 36,000 stores in Boston and the thirty-nine cities and towns forming the Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) City Zone were field mapped in 1960-1961. Then these stores, and those in the BC inventoried by Walters, were classified according to a system devised to reflect their "retail strength." "Retail strength" is a measure of the importance, desirability, and stability of each association of stores. The purpose of the classification is to understand the functional differences which occur within the same Shopping District, and the differences which occur between different Districts. Classification is also necessary to understand the type of change which has taken place over the comparative period in any given District. By examining changes which have taken place in man's relationship to his environment many of the changes in the methods of retailing are more easily understood. The Planned Shopping Center and the Self-Service Department Store in particular are notable additions to the retail structure. These modern facilities have had profound repercussions upon the older conventional Shopping Districts. Other changes are attributable to the changing role of the isolated store and the changing role of the chain store. New methods of merchandising, especially self-service, have affected store size and shape. In general, new units are larger than their predecessors. The older stores have adapted to the new space requirements by consolidating several older units. Maps and cartograms, or conventionalized maps, are the principal method used to describe and compare the areal distribution of shopping facilities. The Boston's maps of Metropolitan Boston, showing the location of retail facilities by means of graduated symbols, are used directly in the analysis of change. The Boston Globe's maps are also used to construct maps of the pattern of streets devoted to retailing in 1946-1947 and 1960-1961. Simultaneous examination of both sets of maps in overlay enables comparison of the location of each Shopping District within the study area to the location of all other shopping areas, population distribution, and road networks. The size, form (relationship of store location to street grid), and the continuity or discontinuity of store distribution within the District are recorded on the Cartograms. Other internal features taken into consideration are store associations (the number and type of retail units) and store size. The Cartograms show the following physical characteristics of each District - The 1946-1947 Retail Structure, Demolitions and Conversions to Non-Retail Use, New Construction and Conversion to Retail Use, Internal Change (Consolidation and Division of Stores), and The 1960-1961 Retail Structure. The Cartogram Dot Distribution Series shows the location of vacancies and selected types of stores in each District for both comparative periods. They also designate which stores were engaged in the specified type of retailing during both periods. The relative differences of stability in drug, food, appliance and department stores are assessed in greater detail, and tabular summaries of these changes are presented and interpreted. In addition, a comparative analysis of selected Shopping Districts is presented to clarify the relationship among the changes associated with shopping area patterns, the internal morphology of Shopping Districts, and the individual store features. The retail structure in Greater Boston is compared to the theoretical or idealized spatial pattern suggested by Walter Christaller's central place theory. The comparison discloses no accordance of pattern with this theoretical distribution. / 2031-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / This study aimed to investigate the reasons that lead the elderly to experience their free time in shopping mall in the city of Fortaleza. It s a qualitative research, in an exploratory and descriptive way, with theoretical basis on social representation approach, developed through the application of individual semi-structured interviews with forty elderly goers to the ONE Mall, which data were treated with the technique of discourse analysis. It was evidenced that variables such as cleaning, security, accessibility and convenience services present themselves similarly to the majority of respondents, which allowed its agglutination in a category called, in this research, structural physical aspects. The results showed that the experience of free time by elderly highlights, mainly, the need to feel safe, in a clean and airy place, whose accessibility is perceived and felt, as well as the convenience of experience multiple services in a single location. There was a certain satisfaction/pride of the participants by experiencing his spare time at the Mall, and aware that this experience backed them, among other things, maintain their lucidity and learn daily.On the other hand, the possibility to experience culture, entertainment, leisure and consumption in a same space justifies its option for the Mall as a place to experience these activities, categorized as social aspects. The experience in shopping is relaxing for many. There are reports of satisfaction with the meetings at the Mall on weekends and holidays. Experience strategies used show the satisfaction and/or happiness in a friendship, recreation, fun and/or consumption way, particularly with respect to the experience of that free time. Keywords: Elderly. Spare time. Shopping Center.Leisure. / Este estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar os motivos que levam o idoso a vivenciar seu tempo livre em Shopping Center na cidade de Fortaleza. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com embasamento teórico na abordagem da representação social, desenvolvida mediante a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais com quarenta idosos frequentadores do Shopping CenterUm, cujos dados foram tratados com a técnica da análise do discurso. Evidenciou-se que variáveis como limpeza, segurança, acessibilidade e comodidade nos serviços se apresentam de modo semelhante para a maioria dos entrevistados, o que permitiu sua aglutinação em uma categoria denominada, nesta pesquisa, de aspectos físicos estruturais. Os resultados apontaram que a vivência do tempo livre pelos idosos evidencia, principalmente, a necessidade de se sentir seguro, em um local limpo e arejado, cuja acessibilidade seja percebida e sentida, bem como a comodidade de experimentar vários serviços em um único local. Verificou-se certa satisfação/orgulho dos participantes por vivenciar seu tempo livre no shopping, e consciência de que essa vivência lhes oportuniza, entre outras coisas, manter sua lucidez e aprender diariamente. Por outro lado, a possibilidade de vivenciar cultura, diversão, lazer e consumo em um mesmo espaço justifica sua opção pelo shoppingcomo local de vivência dessas atividades, categorizadas como aspectos sociais. A vivência no shopping é relaxante para muitos. Existem relatos de satisfação com os encontros no shopping aos finais de semana e feriados. As estratégias de vivência utilizadas mostram a satisfação e/ou felicidade em forma de amizade, lazer, diversão e/ou consumo, especialmente com relação à vivência desse tempo livre. Palavras-chave: Idoso. Tempo livre. Shopping Center. Lazer.

Since the explosion of the internet as a business medium, one of its primary uses has been marketing. The advantages of using the internet for business-to-consumer transactions are clear. The openness of the internet is creating opportunities for virtually all companies across various industries. The words 'internet', 'World Wide Web', 'www' or the 'web' refer to the same thing and are used interchangeably within this research study. The tourism industry is also experiencing a rapid adoption of the internet technology for marketing travel products and services. As a destination New Zealand is a small country comprising two main land masses and smaller outlying islands, with a population of about 4 million people (Statistics New Zealand 2004). Tourism is promoted as an essential part of the national economy, particularly to earn foreign exchange and generate employment. The number of international tourists visiting New Zealand is 2.2 million (Tourism New Zealand, 2006). In New Zealand almost all regional tourism organizations (RTOs) have a web presence, thereby exposing potential tourists to an array of destinations to visit. However, there are few New Zealand based studies that profile tourists based on their internet adoption and the differences between internet users and non-users. The question that baffles every business manager is what predisposes consumers to use a website? This is the fundamental question that motivated the study. While usability does play a major role in the adoption and use of a particular website, it is outside the scope of this project, otherwise the scope would have been too large and complicated to permit a useable questionnaire given the other concerns about respondents' past experiences and attitudes toward use of the net for the specific purposes of holiday purchases. The study draws upon innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and more recent conceptualizations of IT adoption behaviour to examine differences among Rogers' (1995) adoption categories. Within this context, 'adoption' refers to the stage in which a technology is selected for use by an individual. 'Diffusion' refers to the stage in which the technology spreads to general use and application. For this study an attempt is made to create a behavioural profile of visitors based on a sample of 517 overseas visitors to New Zealand. Visitors were asked to complete a questionnaire and provide information on their demographics, travel related behaviour, internet usage patterns, perceptions of the internet and online shopping in general. The thesis thus describes the initiation and evolution of an empirical research project, which investigates the adoption and diffusion of internet technologies amongst international visitors to New Zealand. The study was launched in an attempt to: 1) learn more about internet usage by visitors to New Zealand; 2) create a psychographic profile of visitors; 3) attempt to empirically validate the technology acceptance model (TAM); and 4) fill a noticeable void so that future researchers on IT and internet adoption by tourists in New Zealand have a foundation and starting point. Most of the previous research related to TAM has been in workplace related situations while studies in tourism have used students as subjects, rather than actual visitors to a particular destination (Shang et al., 2005, Moon and Kim, 2001, Klopping and McKinney, 2004). Specific market studies undertaken by destination marketing organisations or regional tourism organisations were considered only inasmuch as they aided generalization as place specificity hindered conceptual development pertaining to themes of adoption and general usage patterns. The study seeks to build on Rogers' (1995) seminal work on the diffusion of innovations and make a unique contribution to existing diffusion studies by its focus on the individual visitors as the unit of analysis and by its test of the TAM model. This study presents descriptive results via standard statistical analysis, a cluster analysis of users and a structural equation modelling of the TAM applied within a context of international visitors to New Zealand. The data were collected at major locations - the viaduct basin in Auckland and the international departure lounge at the Christchurch International Airport. The two locations were chosen to enable faster data collection. Initially the data was gathered at the viaduct basin in Auckland but the number of respondents was not many. Since the data collection was slow, decided to collect from Christchurch International airport where departing passengers could be approached. Individual passengers/tourists were approached and a screening question to ascertain if they were visitors or not was asked. If they were visiting, then they were asked to participate in the survey. No prior specific screening was undertaken to determine if they had used internet or not for their trip/travel to New Zealand. However, subsequent analysis shows that only 2.3% of the sample had not used the internet, and 31% of the sample had not bought tourism products or services over the internet. Therefore, overall, experience and internet usage was not uncommon for the majority of the sample, but a large proportion of non-users existed to permit comparative analysis. While there is a bias towards males in the sample, the 19-35 years age group was slightly more numerous for both genders, than were other age groups. The results indicate that mean internet usage is comparatively high, as is familiarity with many electronic consumer durables. The sample possesses a bias toward English speaking countries, younger people and educationally higher qualified people. Internet search engines seem to be the most popular source of search. The socio-demographic variables such as age, gender and educational attainment appeared to be but a moderate influence on general internet usage and thus on the use of the internet for booking holidays. Factor analysis of the attitudinal statements revealed six factors, which accounted for about 60 % of the total variance. The clear emergence of factors enabled the development of clusters. The clusters appear to have significance with reference to usage rates of internet. The home ownership of electronics shows a high percentage of respondents had mobile phones. This implies that New Zealand Tourism has to look at options or possible services it can introduce to market to these people who could be using mobile devices not only in their country but also while travelling in New Zealand. Wireless is another important development in the field of technology and many of the tourism DMO in other developed countries in Europe and US are adapting approaches based on these technologies to market to potential customers.

There is growing research evidence and public concern over the burgeoning of disorders which share common features with substance addictions. In order to investigate the presence and role of addiction features in disorders outside of substance addictions, symptoms of addiction were explored within three addiction groups: alcohol dependence (AD), an established addiction (n = 24); pathological gambling (PG) a disorder with growing empirical support as an addiction (n = 20); and compulsive shopping (CS), a proposed 'novel' addiction(n = 20). Participants were recruited from either the general population, or from the Auckland Salvation Army Bridge residential alcohol and drug treatment programme; Salvation Army Oasis Gambling Service; Pacific Peoples Addiction Service Incorporated; or Te Kahui Hauora O Ngati Koata Trust. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures comprising a demographics questionnaire; Addictive Disorder Questionnaire (ADQ); anxiety and depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R); Barratt Impulsivity Scale II-r; and substance specific adaptations of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Three general categories of addiction symptoms: physiological, salience and dyscontrol, were identified as broad aspects of addiction, common across all three groups. Measurable aspects of addiction, including impulsivity, obsessions, anxiety and depression were found to be endorsed similarly across the three addictions, irrespective of the severity of their addiction. Compulsions were found to be higher in the AD group. Higher anxiety was found to be correlated with higher addiction in the behavioural addictions (CS and PG), whereas depression and anxiety were associated with higher addiction severity in the AD group. The results provide support for broadening addiction diagnostic definitions, to be more encompassing of the psychological and physiological experiences of each symptom; and developing different diagnostic categories for non-substance addictions that reflect the severity of the addiction. Results also provide evidence for developmental phases of addiction, from an early 'hedonistic' impulsive phase, to a compulsive phase, in which increased dyscontrol, mood and anxiety, marks the severity of the addiction.

This thesis bridges a gap in extant research by examining key factors that play a role in behavioral grocery shopping routines following minor and major disruptions. The present research involves two interrelated investigations incorporating mixed methodologies (Cresswell, 2003). Study 1 involves semi-structured in-depth interviews seeking to establish how goal-directed grocery shopping routines are developed over time. Utilizing a laddering approach of questioning (Gutman, 1997), respondents are probed on their routines (Brotherton, 2001) and goals, including end goals as described in the List of Values (Kahle & Kennedy, 1988). Three participants were interviewed on three occasions over an eight week period, until theoretical saturation was achieved. A significant contribution of Study 1 lies in the development of a conceptual framework for understanding factors associated with grocery shopping routines. This model reflects a working definition characterizing routines as goal-driven and value-guided heuristic strategies. It is proposed that routines are repetitive patterns of personal and private behavioral activities dependent upon situational and temporal contexts, and utilized for instrumental reasons. Risk-taking attitudes and personal values also shape goal-directed behaviors. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1993), Study 2, an online experiment, aims to test and build upon the conceptual model emanating from Study 1. This study also investigates the impact of minor and major disruptions on routinized grocery shopping behavior. 612 participants were allocated across three experimental groups: situational contexts, anticipated temporal conditions, and repetitive value. Cohorts were assessed at baseline levels and received unique minor and major disruptions appropriate to their circumstance. Study 2 contributes through the large-scale SEM testing of a model of grocery shopping routinization. Overall, sound structural model fit demonstrates that the present model of grocery shopping routinization is explained by six distinct components including routinized behavior, goal-centeredness, situational contexts, anticipated temporal conditions, repetitive value, and risk-taking attitudes; and three dimensions of personal values: maturity, self-direction/achievement, and enjoyment. In terms of disruptions, findings indicate that routine strength is dependent on degree of situational, temporal, and instrumental interruptions. Disruptions can both facilitate and impede routines. Results demonstrate that regardless of goal stability, routines change when model components are disrupted. Findings suggest theoretical, research, and practical implications. This thesis expands decision making theory (Betsch, Fiedler, & Brinkmann, 1998) by demonstrating that, despite unwavering goals, new contexts arising from disruptions influence new behavioral deliberations. In relation to research implications, this thesis develops then subsequently tests a model of grocery shopping routinization. Despite routines becoming subconscious over time (Aarts & Dijksterhuis, 2000a), this study asserts that routines are intentional and involve goal-directed strategies for dealing with the environment. From an applied perspective, practitioners should be aware that routine-disrupted consumers remain goal-driven. Consumers are unlikely to forego focal goals (e.g., shop for weekly household meals) if these goals are non-negotiable. Present results suggest that consumers esteem maturity-related personal values, such as fostering and maintaining warm relationships with others and sense of belonging, when grocery sho pping.

<p>Rubrik: Business or pleasure? En studie över framtidens köpcentrum.</p><p>Problem: Vi vill teoretiskt skissera hur citygallerior kommer att se ut i framtiden, vilka trender som råder och därmed även beröra hur situationen för citygallerior är i nuläget. Men då detta problem är förhållandevis teoretiskt vill vi även kartlägga det mer empiriska problemet om hur kunderna vill att citygallerior ska se ut i framtiden och hur de upplever dagens citygallerior.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka förståelsen för hur framtiden för citygallerior ser ut genom att studera den forskning som råder inom området och studera de trender som råder. Syftet är även att undersöka hur kunderna vill att citygallerior ska se ut i framtiden genom en enkätundersökning.</p><p>Teori: De teorier vi använt oss av handlar främst om köpcentrum och allt vad det innebär, framtiden, kundtillfredsställelse, shoppingvanor och olika shoppingsegment. Vi har använt oss av både svenska och utländska källor.</p><p>Metod: Vår uppsats är skriven på uppdrag av ett fastighetsbolag och vi antar därmed ett företagsperspektiv. Vi vill skissera hur framtiden kommer att se ut med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer har gjorts med kunniga personer inom området. Då kunderna styr marknaden har vi dock valt att lägga fokus på dem för att förstå hur de vill att framtiden ska se ut. Detta gjordes med hjälp av enkätundersökningar, vilket medför att vi även har en kvantitativ metod.</p><p>Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att kunderna ställer höga krav på köpcentrum. Vad de vill uppnå med sin shopping är situationsstyrt och det måste handlarna inse. Ena dagen vill kunden shoppa snabbt och effektivt medan den en annan dag vill kunna njuta av en mer upplevelsebaserad shopping.</p>

<p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Date: </strong>June 2, 2009</p><p><strong>Programme: </strong>MIMA – International Marketing<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Course:</strong> EF0705 Master Thesis</p><p><strong>Authors:</strong> Sutanita Thavornchak, Waritthar Taratanaphol</p><p><strong>Tutor:</strong> Joakim Netz</p><p><strong>Title:</strong> Factors influencing online purchase intention: Domestic Airline E-ticket in Thailand</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Internet has become one of the most powerful tools to enhance the performance in every industry and business, including travel and tourism industry as well.  The industry has been dramatically changed by the internet in form of information search, trip planner, particularly the introduction of a new online reservation system, an electronic ticket (E-ticket). Moreover, there currently is an attempt of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to change all 240 airlines around the world into this E-ticket system. About the e-ticket system in Thailand, many airlines have already adopted this system and tried to introduce it to their customers. However, the statistic was shown that only 24% of the internet user has experienced with it, which is pretty low comparing to some other countries. Consequently, the airlines have been trying to improve and enhance their systems in order to encourage the customers to purchase the electronic ticket.</p><p><strong>Problem:</strong> “What are the factors that influence intention to make an online purchase of airline e-ticket?”<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research is to explore the factors influencing the intention to purchase the domestic airline e-ticket in Thailand, and also to investigate whether there are any differences between e-ticket adopters and non-adopters.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>:         The research is based on quantitative research by using online self-administered survey. The list of respondents was from two travel agencies in Thailand. The questionnaires were sent out to 350 respondents and a total of 253 usable respondents were collected in this research. The questionnaires were designed based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The model comprises of Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of use (PEOU). In addition, the theory of Perceived Risk (PR) is also added to be the third construct in the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that the all three constructs have different impacts on intention to purchase of e-ticket adopter and e-ticket non adopter. Perceived Usefulness (PU) is the only construct that influences e-ticket adopter while all three construct have significant impact on future intention to purchase of e-ticket non adopter. Convenience factor tends to be the most important one in Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) for e-ticket non adopter whereas product information and accessibility is more important to e-ticket adopter in Perceived Usefulness (PU). Security and privacy are the major concern in Perceived Risk (PR) when buying e-ticket. However, there are additional factors which affect the future intention to purchase exclude from the three constructs studied.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p> </p>

<p>Date: 2008 June 08</p><p>Course: Master thesis</p><p>Authors: Haiyan Wang, Teewin Wongrattanavichit</p><p>Tutor: Jan Löwstedt</p><p>Title: The study of marketing communication effectiveness and</p><p>customer perception of Tuna Park shopping centre</p><p>Introduction: The research about the effectiveness of marketing</p><p>communication tool and customer perception was studied in</p><p>Tuna Park shopping center, Eskilstuna. The marketing strategy</p><p>and objective was to compare with the results from the</p><p>questionnaire in order to measure the effect of each</p><p>advertising and marketing communication tools.</p><p>Problem: “How should the company invest in the marketing</p><p>communication tool in the years to come”.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of the study is to measure the effectiveness of</p><p>marketing communication tools used in Shopping center</p><p>through the focal company ‘Tuna Park Eskilstuna’ using the</p><p>framework of Hierarchy-of-effects model and its variation and</p><p>FCB grid.</p><p>Method: The primary data was collected by the interview and the</p><p>questionnaire was conducted with respondents that were</p><p>randomly invited to answer the questionnaire on the webpage.</p><p>Analysis and conclusion: The television media has the highest reach and high effect on</p><p>respondents, The radio media is lesser in effect. Newspaper is</p><p>another high reach media while the outdoor advertising</p><p>considered effective but has the least reach</p>