<p>Performance is the driving force for the effective network utilization in the current telecommunication world. The thesis aims to define suitable performance measurement methodologies for communication over stack based Signalling System No 7 (SS7). This thesis also throws a quick glance on open source SS7 and Ericsson proprietary SS7 protocols, to devise performance measurement approach that can be adopted to develop sophisticated tools. We adopt a scientific experimental approach for numerical measurement of throughput and latency of the protocol stack. Our current work finishes experimentation with open source SS7 protocol (SCTP) in Fedora based two identical servers. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is an important transport layer protocol for communication of SS7 message over an IP network. Message communication using SCTP protocol over an IP/Ethernet network between these two identical servers has been measured and analyzed using the IPerf tool. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) being another important transport layer protocol of TCP/IP stack, the performance of TCP is compared with SCTP. The results prove that under normal circumstances TCP gains over SCTP and our analysis support that under multi homing support, SCTP should gain over TCP when throughput is measured</p>

<p>After the completion of the human genome project the human genome was annotated with the surprisingly small amount of 24 000 (www.ensemble.com) genes. This has focused research on the contribution of splice variants, posttranslational modifications and interactions of proteins at the proteome level and other regulatory elements in the cell to fully understand the complexity of functions in a higher organism. Proteomic oriented projects are currently aiming to investigate all the splice variants and posttranslational modifications of all the proteins present in an organism or cell type and annotate their function and interaction partners. Projects on this scale are at the moment difficult to achieve and new methodologies are needed. </p><p>Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) are based on a novel protein detection strategy that converts the presence of a target molecule in a unique DNA tag through ligation reactions. PLA detection of proteins requires several independent recognition events by affinity reagents that have been converted into proximity probes. Different formats of the proximity ligation strategy have been developed in both heterogeneous and homogeneous format[1-4]. This thesis presents the development of an antibody based proximity ligation approach and the development of a novel proximity ligation based detection strategy named triple specific proximity ligation (3PLA). To extend the range of target molecules we adapted the proximity ligation assay for the use with antibodies by converting matched monoclonal antibody pairs and polyclonal antibody batches into proximity probes and used them for the detection of several cytokines in complex biological fluids. The novel 3PLA requires the simultaneous detection by three independent affinity binders to create one specific DNA based signal. This requirement for triple recognition extends the biological specificity of immunoassays and allows a proximity ligation design with reduced background signal and thus higher sensitivity. We have established proof of principle detection of the biomarkers troponin I and prostate specific antigen (PSA) alone and in complex with 1-alpha-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and detected as little as 100 molecules of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To further explore the extended biological specificity of 3PLA we adapted the assay for detection of protein complexes formed during NFκB signaling and used this system to profile the mode of action of three small molecular weight inhibitors of the IκB Kinase (IKK). The development of new protein detection methods hold promises for the investigation of complex interactions and mechanism on the proteome level which are not accessible with current technologies. We have developed tools and protocols useful for the development of new proximity ligation strategies and designs. These protocols allow the rapid and low cost custom set up of PLAs without the need for extensive conjugation protocols or purification procedures.</p>

After the completion of the human genome project the human genome was annotated with the surprisingly small amount of 24 000 (www.ensemble.com) genes. This has focused research on the contribution of splice variants, posttranslational modifications and interactions of proteins at the proteome level and other regulatory elements in the cell to fully understand the complexity of functions in a higher organism. Proteomic oriented projects are currently aiming to investigate all the splice variants and posttranslational modifications of all the proteins present in an organism or cell type and annotate their function and interaction partners. Projects on this scale are at the moment difficult to achieve and new methodologies are needed. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) are based on a novel protein detection strategy that converts the presence of a target molecule in a unique DNA tag through ligation reactions. PLA detection of proteins requires several independent recognition events by affinity reagents that have been converted into proximity probes. Different formats of the proximity ligation strategy have been developed in both heterogeneous and homogeneous format[1-4]. This thesis presents the development of an antibody based proximity ligation approach and the development of a novel proximity ligation based detection strategy named triple specific proximity ligation (3PLA). To extend the range of target molecules we adapted the proximity ligation assay for the use with antibodies by converting matched monoclonal antibody pairs and polyclonal antibody batches into proximity probes and used them for the detection of several cytokines in complex biological fluids. The novel 3PLA requires the simultaneous detection by three independent affinity binders to create one specific DNA based signal. This requirement for triple recognition extends the biological specificity of immunoassays and allows a proximity ligation design with reduced background signal and thus higher sensitivity. We have established proof of principle detection of the biomarkers troponin I and prostate specific antigen (PSA) alone and in complex with 1-alpha-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and detected as little as 100 molecules of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To further explore the extended biological specificity of 3PLA we adapted the assay for detection of protein complexes formed during NFκB signaling and used this system to profile the mode of action of three small molecular weight inhibitors of the IκB Kinase (IKK). The development of new protein detection methods hold promises for the investigation of complex interactions and mechanism on the proteome level which are not accessible with current technologies. We have developed tools and protocols useful for the development of new proximity ligation strategies and designs. These protocols allow the rapid and low cost custom set up of PLAs without the need for extensive conjugation protocols or purification procedures.

Performance is the driving force for the effective network utilization in the current telecommunication world. The thesis aims to define suitable performance measurement methodologies for communication over stack based Signalling System No 7 (SS7). This thesis also throws a quick glance on open source SS7 and Ericsson proprietary SS7 protocols, to devise performance measurement approach that can be adopted to develop sophisticated tools. We adopt a scientific experimental approach for numerical measurement of throughput and latency of the protocol stack. Our current work finishes experimentation with open source SS7 protocol (SCTP) in Fedora based two identical servers. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is an important transport layer protocol for communication of SS7 message over an IP network. Message communication using SCTP protocol over an IP/Ethernet network between these two identical servers has been measured and analyzed using the IPerf tool. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) being another important transport layer protocol of TCP/IP stack, the performance of TCP is compared with SCTP. The results prove that under normal circumstances TCP gains over SCTP and our analysis support that under multi homing support, SCTP should gain over TCP when throughput is measured