Le contact avec l’Autre, désigné ainsi en raison de la différence culturelle, de couleur de peau, ou encore de phénotype, a produit un bouleversement profond des structures socioculturelles et des territoires touchés par les systèmes esclavagistes et coloniaux. À présent, les nouvelles générations issues de ces territoires sont confrontées à des mutations que nous examinons pour en dégager les survivances coloniales et les nouveaux phénomènes sociologiques décrits par les écrivains francophones contemporains. Les sujets analysés par ces derniers dans leurs œuvres expriment des interactions fondées sur des différences et/ou des similarités idéologiques, raciales, physiques, culturelles, au sein des trois aires géographiques que sont les Antilles (Martinique/Guadeloupe), l’Afrique (Subsaharienne, noire et francophone) et la France métropolitaine. Le roman devient alors un instrument de dissection des effets de la présence et de la domination de l’idéologie et de la culture occidentales. On y découvre ainsi les différents types de relations, Blanc/Noir, ancien esclavagiste/ancien esclave, ancien dominant/ancien dominé, ancien colonisateur/ancien colonisé, du point de vue de ces auteurs. Dans un contexte social dominé par les déplacements humains et les échanges interculturels, les regards croisés des personnages se focalisent sur les différentes formes d’altérité et d’identité et sur les problématiques actuelles en rapport avec la race, l’immigration, l’exil, le racisme. / The contact with the Other, so called because of its cultural, skin color or phenotype difference, has generated a deep upheaval into the sociocultural structures and affected territories by the slave and colonial systems. Nowadays, the new generation natives of those territories are facing transformations that we are investigating in order to bring out the colonial survivals and the new sociological phenomena described by the contemporary French-speaking authors. The subjects analyzed by the latter in their works are expressing interactions based on ideological, racial, physical, cultural differences and/or similarities, in the three geographical areas: the Antilles (Martinique, Guadeloupe), Africa (black and French-speaking sub-Saharan) and Metropolitan France. The novel becomes then a dissection instrument of the effects of the presence and the domination of Western ideology and culture. Thereby, we discover the different types of relations, White/Black, former slave driver/former slave, former dominant/former dominated, former colonizer/former colonized, from the authors point of view. In a social context dominated by human movements and intercultural exchanges, the crossed looks of the characters focus on the various forms of otherness and identity and on the current problems in relation with race, immigration, exile, racism.

No description available.

在不同的光源環境下，顏色的資訊會隨著環境而改變，因此要做到穩定的膚色辨識並不容易。先前的研究指出，人類的膚色大致上可歸納於特定顏色座標系統中的一段範圍內。但是根據我們的實驗，這段範圍會隨著環境光源的改變而產生偏移，因此運用相同的標準，無法在不同的場景下做到準確的膚色辨識與切割。針對這個議題，我們提出利用影像中非色彩的資訊，找出最符合膚色的範圍。具體來說，借重臉部偵測獨立於色度的特性，我們使用臉部偵測的結果，做為調整膚色範圍的依據。實驗所得到的辨識結果，效能與效率都足以運用在以視覺為基礎的人機介面，例如手部與指尖偵測。 / Robust detection of skin color is a difficult task since color information changes under different lighting conditions. Previous research indicated that human skin color is restricted to a small range of values in certain color coordinate systems. However, the ranges tend to shift with varying illumination according to our experiments. It is therefore unattainable to derive a universal standard for skin color detection and segmentation for general scenes. To address this issue, we propose to use achromatic features to identify the proper ranges of skin color in an image. Specifically, we utilize the result of face detection, which is independent of chromatic properties, to guide the process of skin color range selection. Experimental results have validated the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed methodology for vision-based human-computer interface such as hand and finger detection.

Many non-human animal species use colour to signal dominance, condition or reproductive status. These signals have not previously been noted in humans. This thesis investigates the effects of skin colouration and pigmentation on the apparent health of human faces. Section 2 showed that individuals with increased fruit and vegetable and carotenoid consumption have yellower skin (Study 1) due to increased carotenoid pigmentation in the skin (Study 2). In Section 3, participants enhanced the redness, yellowness and lightness of the skin portions of colour-calibrated facial photographs to optimise healthy appearance. This suggests roles for blood (red) and carotenoid/melanin (yellow) colouration in providing perceptible cues to health. The contrast between lips and facial skin colour was not found to affect the apparent health of the faces, except in the b* (yellowness) axis, where enhanced facial yellowness caused an apparent blue tint to the lips. In Section 4 participants enhanced empirically-derived oxygenated blood colour more than deoxygenated blood colour to optimise healthy appearance. In two-dimensional trials, when both blood colour axes could be manipulated simultaneously, deoxygenated blood colour was removed and replaced with oxygenated blood colour. Oxygenated blood colouration appears to drive the preference for redness in faces. In Section 5 participants increased carotenoid colour significantly more than they increased melanin colour in both single-axis and two-dimensional trials. Carotenoid colour appears to drive the preference for yellowness in faces. In a cross-cultural study (Section 6), preferences for red and yellow in faces were unaffected by face or participant ethnicity, while African participants lightened faces more than UK participants. A preference for more redness in East Asian faces was explained by this group’s lower initial redness. The thesis concludes that pigments that provide sexually-selected signals of quality in many non-human animal species – carotenoids and oxygenated blood - also provide perceptible cues to health in human faces.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T14:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Hewlett-Packard Brasil Ltda / Atualmente, existem diversos trabalhos com as mais variadas abordagens relativas ao processamento de imagens digitais para detecção de atividade de voz (VAD). As suas aplicações perpassam diferentes áreas, como por exemplo, comandos de voz em veículos e videoconferência. A motivação deste trabalho constitui-se na construção de um algoritmo que contribua para o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de processamento de imagens aplicadas para a detecção de atividade de voz em vídeos. A problemática envolvida já apresenta uma grande diversidade de abordagens. No entanto, o foco deste trabalho situa-se na busca de alternativas para a melhoria na extração de um modelo de cor de pele e não-pele e, a partir daí, extrair um classificador para identificar a atividade de fala com mais precisão. Algoritmos já existentes de identificação de face e de classificação dos lábios foram utilizados e aprimorados. Através da criação de patches abaixo dos olhos, foi criado um modelo para determinar as características individuais de cor de / Currently, there are several works with many di_erent approaches to image processing for detection of voice activity (VAD). Its applications cross over di_erent areas, such as voice commands in vehicles and videoconferencing. The motivation of this work consists in building an algorithm that contributes to the improvement of techniques image processing applied to detect voice activity on video. The issue already presents a great diversity of approaches. However, the focus of this work lies in _nding alternatives to improve the extraction of a skin and non-skin color model and, from there, extract a classi_er to identify the activity of speech more accurately. Existing algorithms of face detection and classi_cation of the lips were used and improved. Through the creation of patches under the eyes, a model was created to determine the individual characteristics of skin color using the mean and standard deviation of the pixels of the patches and the mouth area. The results are presented based on two approaches.

黑色素生成是為了保護皮膚細胞免受紫外光傷害的一個生化過程。在這過程中，黑色素在人類表皮底層的黑色素細胞的黑色素體內產生。該過程可以被基因，荷爾蒙或環境因素所影響。黑色素的製造量是依賴速度限制酶酪氨酸酶的活性，黑色素體的數量和大小，黑色素體通過黑色素細胞的偽足傳送致角質細胞的速度及黑色素體在角質細胞內的分佈。這些細胞過程會受皮膚顏色或紫外光曝光量的變化而影響。當黑色素的產生超過黑色素的降解，黑色素沉著毛病便出現。根據不同的皮膚類型，年齡組別及累積紫外光曝光程度而引發雀斑或黃褐斑的形成。很多治療方法市面上能夠提供，它們包括人工合成化粧品，激光，整容手術等。這些治療方法通常會產生副作用及蘊藏高風險。因此從天然物質裏尋找治療藥物便成了美容學的一個新的研究方向。在這研究裏，十種草本植物就從自古以來用作治療黑色素沉著毛病的傅統中藥中被挑選出來。那些草本植物被四種擁有不同極性的溶劑提取。小鼠黑色素細胞被用以篩選提取物的降黑色素能力。結果發現當歸的正己烷及二氯甲烷的提取物有正面效用。當歸的化學成份4-乙基間苯二酚、4-乙基苯酚及1-十四烷醇也能降低小鼠黑色素細胞的黑色素量。數種生化技術繼而被應用作研究有效化學物的藥理。他們包括西方墨點法、環磷酸腺苷測試、蛋白激酶A活性測試及酪氨酸酶活性測試。 / Melanogenesis is a biochemical process designated for protecting skin cells from ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage. During the process, melanin is produced in the melanosomes of the melanocytes located at the basal epidermis of human. The process could be affected by genetic, hormonal or environmental factors. Amount of melanin synthesized depending on the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosinase, number and size of melanosomes, the transfer rate of melanosomes to keratinocytes through the melanocyte dendritic projections and the distribution pattern of melanosomes within keratinocytes. These cellular processes are influenced by variations in skin color or UV exposure amount. When melanin synthesis exceeds melanin degradation, hyperpigmentation disorder arises. This lead to the formation of freckles or chloasma according to different skin types, age groups and degree of cumulative UV exposure. A number of treatments are commercially available, they include applying synthetic cosmetics, laser, plastic surgery, etc. These treatments usually produce side-effects and possess high risk. Therefore, searching for therapeutic agents from natural compounds has become a new research direction in cosmetology. In this study, ten herbs were chosen from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which had been applied for treating hyperpigmentation. The herbs were extracted by four solvents with different polarity. The extracts were screened for their hypopigmentary ability by using melan-a cells. It was found that the hexane and dichloromethane extracts of Angelica sinensis possessed positive effects. 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol, the chemical constituents of A. sinensis, also attenuated melanin amount in melan-a cells. Moreover, several biochemical techniques were utilized to study the pharmaceutical mechanisms of the potent compounds. They include Western blot, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay and tyrosinase activity assay. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lam, Rosanna Yen Yen. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-146). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Chinese Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / List of Publications --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xviii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Demand of cosmetics --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Skin structures and functions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Epidermis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Stratum corneum --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Stratum granulosum --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Stratum spinosum --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1.4 --- Stratum basale --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Dermis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Hypodermis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Sun irradiation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Variety of skin types --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Biochemical reactions within melanocyte --- p.7 / Chapter 1.6 --- Pigmentation disorder --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7 --- From the view of traditional Chinese medicine --- p.16 / Chapter 1.8 --- Treatments available for hyperpigmentation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.9 --- Aims of study and application of strategies --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Investigation of the inhibitory effect of herbal extracts and their constituent compounds on melanin synthesis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Materials --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Herbal extraction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Cell culture --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Growth curve and melanin production curve --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- SRB assay --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Calibration curve for SRB assay --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Measurement of melanin production --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Calibration curve for melanin production assay --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Growth curve and melanin production curve for assay development --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Calibration curves of SRB assay and melanin production assay --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Hypopigmentary effect of 40 herbal extracts --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Hypopigmentary effects of chemical components of A. sinensis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Study of the effect of potential compounds on melanogenic protein expression by Western blot --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Cell culture --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Preparation of cell lysates --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Protein assay --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- SDS-PAGE and membrane transfer --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Washing of blotted antibodies and film exposure --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Study of the effect of potential compounds on melanogenic gene expression by RT-PCR --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Materials --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Cell culture --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- RNA extraction --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- cDNA synthesis --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- PCR --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Study of the effect of potential compounds on cAMP level by EIA --- p.85 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Materials --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Cell culture --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Preparation of cell lysates --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Protein assay --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- The cAMP assay --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Preparation of cAMP calibration curve --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Calculation --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.90 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.94 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Study of the effect of potential compounds on PKA activity by PKA activity assay --- p.96 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Materials --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Cell culture --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Preparation of cell lysates --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Protein assay --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- The PKA kinase activity assay --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.6 --- Calculation --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.100 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.101 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.104 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Study of the effect of potential compounds on tyrosinase activity by enzyme inhibition assay --- p.107 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.107 / Chapter 7.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.108 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Materials --- p.108 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Assay development for mushroom tyrosinase --- p.109 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay --- p.109 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Cell culture --- p.110 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Preparation of cellular tyrosinase --- p.110 / Chapter 7.2.6 --- Protein assay --- p.111 / Chapter 7.2.7 --- Cellular tyrosinase inhibition assay --- p.111 / Chapter 7.2.8 --- Calculation --- p.112 / Chapter 7.2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.112 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results --- p.113 / Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- General discussion --- p.123 / References --- p.127

This thesis study presents a hand gesture recognition system, which replaces input devices like keyboard and mouse with static and dynamic hand gestures, for interactive computer applications. Despite the increase in the attention of such systems there are still certain limitations in literature. Most applications require different constraints like having distinct lightning conditions, usage of a specific camera, making the user wear a multi-colored glove or need lots of training data. The system mentioned in this study disables all these restrictions and provides an adaptive, effort free environment to the user. Study starts with an analysis of the different color space performances over skin color extraction. This analysis is independent of the working system and just performed to attain valuable information about the color spaces. Working system is based on two steps, namely hand detection and hand gesture recognition. In the hand detection process, normalized RGB color space skin locus is used to threshold the coarse skin pixels in the image. Then an adaptive skin locus, whose varying boundaries are estimated from coarse skin region pixels, segments the distinct skin color in the image for the current conditions. Since face has a distinct shape, face is detected among the connected group of skin pixels by using the shape analysis. Non-face connected group of skin pixels are determined as hands. Gesture of the hand is recognized by improved centroidal profile method, which is applied around the detected hand. A 3D flight war game, a boxing game and a media player, which are controlled remotely by just using static and dynamic hand gestures, were developed as human machine interface applications by using the theoretical background of this study. In the experiments, recorded videos were used to measure the performance of the system and a correct recognition rate of ~90% was acquired with nearly real time computation.

p. 1-204 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T19:29:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 3333333333.pdf: 1820220 bytes, checksum: 86a606b3784bfb57fb53abe9467d767e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:36:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 3333333333.pdf: 1820220 bytes, checksum: 86a606b3784bfb57fb53abe9467d767e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3333333333.pdf: 1820220 bytes, checksum: 86a606b3784bfb57fb53abe9467d767e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Introdução: Existe uma razoável produção acadêmica em algumas áreas do conhecimento que aponta piores condições de vida para a população brasileira afro descendente. Entretanto, são poucos os estudos na área de saúde que abordam a raça/cor da pele como importante determinante da falta de equidade entre grupos. Objetivos: analisar os diferenciais da mortalidade por causas externas, segundo a raça/cor em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, no período 1998-2003. Material e Métodos: O primeiro dos três artigos que compõem o presente trabalho corresponde a uma revisão de literatura sobre desigualdades sociais em saúde no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos contemplando estudos que abordaram a raça/cor da pele, publicados em periódicos da área de Saúde Pública/ Epidemiologia no período de 1996 a 2005. O segundo é um estudo descritivo no qual se calculou o número de anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) por causas externas por sexo, faixa etária e tipo de causa externa, segundo a raça/cor da pele. O terceiro artigo se constitui em um estudo ecológico espacial, que teve como unidade de análise as áreas de ponderação de Salvador. Mediante modelagem de Regressão Binomial Negativa foi testada a hipótese de que áreas com maior proporção de população masculina negra entre 15 e 49 anos apresentavam maior mortalidade por todas as causas externas em conjunto e por homicídio. Resultados: Dos 56 estudos norte-americanos e 7 brasileiros revistos, 68,7% foram publicados entre 2002 e 2005, 41 eram do tipo transversal (65,0%), 11 do tipo inquérito (17,5%), 6 eram de vigilância (9,5%), 3 ecológicos (4,8%) e 2 longitudinais (3,2%). Desses 60,3% se referiram à saúde da população e 39,7% a saúde de grupos populacionais específicos. A variável raça/cor da pele/etnia esteve associada ao efeito estudado em 84,4% dos estudos analíticos e as diferenças observadas se mostraram estatisticamente significantes em todos os estudos descritivos em que os autores utilizaram algum teste estatístico. Todavia, enquanto nos artigos dos Estados Unidos se observou uma tendência de superação das limitações observadas nesses tipos de estudos, no Brasil essa literatura está apenas começando a descrever a existência desse tipo de desigualdade. No segundo artigo verificou-se que os homens negros perderam 21,8 vezes mais anos potenciais de vida quando comparados aos homens brancos. As diferenças observadas no APVP/100.000hab. e nas razões de APVP/100.000 se mantiveram mesmo após a padronização por idade. No último estudo verificou-se que áreas com altas taxas de mortalidade por todas as causas externas e por homicídio tenderam a se aglomerar e tinham como características comuns uma maior proporção de população negra masculina com idade entre 15 e 49 anos. Áreas com maior proporção de população masculina negra entre 15 e 49 anos apresentavam maior mortalidade por causas externas (RR=1,18; p=0,03 para a associação entre proporção da população masculina negra com idade de 15 a 49 anos e taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas externas ajustada por proporção de chefes de família negros com renda de ≤2SM ). Conclusões: Foram produzidas evidências de que a população negra, especificamente a masculina negra com idade entre 15 e 49 anos, morre mais precocemente e apresenta maior risco de óbito por causas externas e, especialmente por homicídios. Entende-se que foram reveladas apenas uma das facetas de um problema bastante complexo, porém, espera-se que tais resultados estimulem e subsidiem a discussão sobre a falta de equidade em saúde segundo a raça/cor da pele e contribuam para a formulação de políticas públicas especificas. / Salvador

A police approach usually starts with the traditional sentence "Stop, it's the police!" All the following procedures are, in principle, defined as "security measures" learned during professional qualification as "approach technique", present in practically all programs and military training. Although the procedures of the police approach are pre-defined in technical training manuals, the definition of who will be approached is an open question, influenced by factors internalized many times in automatic processes, without conscious control, and comes from a representation of the suspect, which affects social judgments. With that, this work aims to analyze the stereotypes that the military police of the State of Sergipe have about the suspect and its implications in the police activity. The research was composed by three studies. Study 1 examined the stereotypes police officers attribute to suspects considering their skin color and social status. Studies 2 and 3, using a technique of analysis of automatic response processes, analyzed the shooting decision on armed or disarmed suspects, whites or blacks, Military Police officers in the early stages of professional training or others with ten years or more of professional performance. The results of Study 1 indicate that there is an association between poverty and suspicion, on the one hand, and between skin color and poverty on the other. Studies 2 and 3 indicated the presence of "shooter bias", that is, the tendency to shoot faster and more accurately on black armed suspects than white suspects; as well as the quickest decision not to shoot unarmed suspects of white color than black. The results are discussed in light of the theories of social and cognitive psychology. / Uma abordagem policial geralmente se inicia com a frase tradicional “Pare, é a polícia!” Todos os procedimentos que vêm a seguir são, em princípio, definidos como “medidas de segurança” aprendidas durante a formação profissional como “técnica de abordagem”, presente em praticamente todos os cursos e formação militar. Ainda que os procedimentos da abordagem policial estejam pré-definidos em manuais técnicos de formação, a definição de quem será abordado é uma questão aberta, influenciada por fatores interiorizados muitas vezes em processos automáticos, sem controle consciente, e que decorrem de uma representação do suspeito que afeta os julgamentos sociais. Com isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os estereótipos que os policiais militares do Estado de Sergipe possuem acerca do suspeito e suas implicações na atividade policial. A pesquisa foi composta por três estudos. O estudo 1 analisou os estereótipos que os policiais atribuem aos suspeitos considerando a sua cor da pele e estrato social. Os estudos 2 e 3, utilizando uma técnica de análise de processos automáticos de resposta, analisaram a decisão de tiro em suspeitos armados ou desarmados, brancos ou negros, de Policiais Militares em fase inicial de formação profissional e outros com dez anos ou mais de atuação profissional. Os resultados do Estudo 1 indicam que há uma associação entre pobreza e suspeição, por um lado, e entre cor da pele e pobreza, por outro. Os estudos 2 e 3 indicaram a presença de “shooter bias”, ou seja, a tendência a atirar mais rapidamente e com maior precisão em suspeitos armados de cor negra do que nos de cor branca; bem como a decisão mais rápida de não atirar em suspeitos desarmados de cor branca que de cor negra. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das teorias da psicologia social e cognitiva. / São Cristóvão, SE

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-29T15:55:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 robertsonsaraiva.pdf: 2451233 bytes, checksum: 1fc1714160e1cdf37d8145a29d9c1ac9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-05-02T01:24:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 robertsonsaraiva.pdf: 2451233 bytes, checksum: 1fc1714160e1cdf37d8145a29d9c1ac9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T01:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 robertsonsaraiva.pdf: 2451233 bytes, checksum: 1fc1714160e1cdf37d8145a29d9c1ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / O presente trabalho expõe os resultados da pesquisa “Raça e cor nos resultados do Avalia-BH: o desempenho dos estudantes e as políticas de equidade racial na Rede Municipal de Educação”, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para obtenção dograu de mestre. As diferenças de rendimento entre alunos brancos e negros é um tema de extrema relevância e bastante pesquisado no Brasil,assim como presente no trabalho de Carvalho (2005), bem como em relatórios do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Nesse contexto, a investigação realizada neste trabalho tem como foco o desempenho dos alunos do 3º, 5º e 9º anos do ensino fundamental da cidade de Belo Horizonte, obtidos por meio dos resultados da avaliação externa própria do município, o Avalia-BH. Optou-se por fazer um recorte específico, explorando esse sistema de avaliação a partir dos resultados em Língua Portuguesa do ano de 2013. Além de analisar a distribuição dos grupos étnicos nos níveis de aprendizagem, foi feito um cruzamento dos resultados com o nível socioeconômico desses educandos. Observou-se a ausência de equidade nos resultados, o que mostra a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre a temática raça/cor com destaque à sua invisibilidade histórica. Por fim, foram elaboradas ações indicadas no Plano de Ação Educacional,tendo por objetivo contribuir para a modificação de tal realidade. / This paper presents the results of the research "Race and Skin-Color in the results of Avalia-BH: student performance and the politics of racial equity in Municipal Education Network", developed in the Post-Graduate Program of Professional Management and Evaluation of Public Schools from Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the Masters degree achievement. The efficiency differences between white and black students is an extreme research relevant topic in Brazil, as it can be seen on Carvalho (2005) paper, and also in reports of the National Institute of Educational ResearchsAnisio Teixeira (INEP). Given that context, the research conducted in this paper has its main focus the performance of students in 3rd, 5th and 9th grades of elementary school in the city of Belo Horizonte, obtained by means of the results from the external evaluation of the municipality, the Avalia-BH. We opted to focuses mainly in explore this evaluation system from the results in portuguese, in the year of 2013. In addition to analyzing the distribution of ethnic groups in levels of learning, a cross-check with the socioeconomic status of these students was made. We noted a lack of equity in the results, which demonstrates the need of further studies on the themes of race/skin-color, highlighting its historical invisibility. Finally, actions were indicated in the Educational Action Plan, in order to contribute to the modification of such realities.