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Vad formar ungdomars attityd till rökning : En kvalitativ studie / What shape young people's attitudes to smoking : A qualitative studyJosefsson, Therese, Lundahl, Johanna January 2010 (has links)
Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen var att beskriva vad som formar ungdomars attityd till rökning. Metod: Sex kvalitativa intervjuer genomförds med ungdomar i åldern 14-15 år. Kategorier utarbetades genom analys av intervjuutskrifterna. Resultat: Det framkom att ungdomarnas attityd formas dels av yttre faktorer som närståendes rökvanor och dels av inre faktorer som nyfikenhet. Ungdomarna ansåg även att om cigaretter varit så ohälsosamma som det påstås så hade de varken tillverkats eller sålts. Ungdomarna beskrev rökare med ord som tuffa och coola. Konklusion: Resultatet antyder att ungdomarnas attityd till rökning formas dels av vännernas uppfattningar och dels av föräldrarnas attityd. Ungdomar lever i nuet och väger därför inte in hälsoriskerna i sitt beslut att röka. Implikation: Informera föräldrarna att ha en hårdare attityd emot tobak. Skapa ett informationsmaterial som förklarar varför det är politiskt svårt att förbjuda tobaksprodukter. Ytterligare forskning behövs om hur föräldrars rökvanor påverkar ungdomars attityd till rökning. / Objective: The aim of our study was to describe how young people's attitudes towards smoking emerge. Method: Six qualitative interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 14-15. Categories were developed through an analysis of interview transcripts. Results: It was found that young people's attitude is shaped partly by external factors such as smoking habits by related parties and partly by internal factors such as curiosity. Young people also felt that if cigarettes were as unhealthy as it is claimed they had neither manufactured nor sold. Young people described the smokers with words like tough and cool. Conclusion: Young people's attitude to smoking is shaped partly by their friends’ views and partly by their parents' attitude. Young people are living in the moment and therefore they do not consider the health risks when deciding to start smoking. Implication: Inform the parents that they should have a tough stance against tobacco. Create information material which explains why it is politically difficult to ban tobacco products. Further research is needed on how parents' smoking habits affect young people's attitudes to smoking.
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Smoking cessation in Sweden - gender, pathways, and identitySohlberg, Tove January 2014 (has links)
Research on smoking has to a great deal been conducted within a public health or a medical context, or focused on policy making. Fewer studies have taken their point of departure in a social sciences context, and still fewer have analysed why individuals start and cease to smoke, and how and why smoking patterns on an aggregate level change over time and vary between different population groups. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse changes in the Swedish tobacco consumption with special emphasis at elucidating the decrease in smoking during the past half-century from different angels. Thus, the first paper explore if and how changes in smoking patterns can be understood and explained with reference to Sweden’s development as a welfare state, and in relation to socio-demographic and socio-economic circumstances. The second paper focuses on the long-term pathways to smoking cessation, by discerning several distinct trajectories from smoker to non-smoker. The third paper analyses gender differences with regard to reasons to smoke, experiences of smoking, and central elements in the cessation process. Finally, in the fourth paper, the issue of to what extent smoking cessation can be described as a process of identity change is explored. Smoking initiation and cessation vary by socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, and the rapid decrease in smoking has resulted in a rather vulnerable group of smokers in these aspects. The results also indicate that the cessation process is complex, with personal and structural factors interacting in the long-term process, leading to multiple pathways to a smoke-free life. Moreover, they point to gender differences in reasons to smoke and to quit, and in strategies to quit smoking. In addition, identity change seems to be important in remaining smoke-free. The stated inequality in gender and class points in the direction that structural changes and social policies might be of need to decrease smoking even further. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p> / Women, Health and Substance use
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Strukturiertes Training zur Tabakentwöhnung in einem Haus der Maximalversorgung: eine prospektive Studie / Structured smoking cessation training for health professionals on cardiology wards: a prospective studyFalk, Jan 14 October 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos, medicinos fakulteto šešto kurso studentų rūkymo įpročių ir požiūrio į rūkymą vertinimas 1995 – 2010 metais / The assessment of the sixth-year students of the Lithuanian university of health sciences, Medical academy, faculty of medicine, smoking habits and the attitude towards smoking between the year 1995-2010Čiurilienė, KRISTINA 28 June 2011 (has links)
Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto, Medicinos akademijos, Medicinos fakulteto šešto kurso studentų rūkymo įpročius bei jų ryšį su požiūriu į rūkymą 1995 - 2010 m.
Uždaviniai. 1.Nustatyti 1995 - 2010 metais studijavusių Kauno Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos fakulteto šešto kurso studentų rūkymo įpročius bei jų pokyčius. 2. Įvertinti tiriamųjų požiūrį į rūkymo įtaką sveikatai. 3. Įvertinti rūkančių ir nerūkančių studentų požiūrį į rūkymo kontrolės priemones.
Tyrimo metodika. Siekiant įvertinti studentų rūkymo įpročius bei jų ryšį su požiūriu į rūkymą, profilaktinės medicinos ciklo metu naudota anketinė apklausa (N=2311 (695 vaikinai ir 1616 merginos)), atsako dažnis – 79,2 proc.). Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojantis statistiniu paketu SPSS 19.0 for Windows.
Rezultatai. Atlikus tyrimą, nustatyta, kad 1995-2010 m. rūkė 33,8 proc. medicinos fakulteto šešto kurso studentų vyrų ir 16,4 proc. moterų. 25,7 proc. vy rų ir 24,3 proc. moterų nurodė, kad jie metė rūkyti. Visiškai nerūkiusių buvo 40,5 proc. vyrų ir 59,3 proc. moterų. Reguliariai rūkančių studentų vyrų paskutinius tris metus (2008 – 2010 m.) skaičius sumažėjęs beveik dvigubai, lyginant duomenis su ankstesniais metais (nuo 43,5 proc. (2007m.) iki 27 proc. (2008m.)). Moterų mažiausiai reguliariai rūkančių buvo 1995 - 2000 metais (5,7 – 16,4 proc.), nuo 2001 m. padidėjo ir iki 2010 metų kito nežymiai. Didžioji dauguma (83,7 proc.) visų apklaustųjų sutiko, kad rūkymas yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objectives. To evaluate smoking habits of the sixth-year students of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine and their relationship with regard to smoking between 1995-2010.
Goals. 1. To identify smoking habits and their changes of the sixth-year students of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, who have been studying there between the year 1995-2010. 2. To assess examined students‘ attitude towards the smoking impact on health. 3. To find out the changes of their attitude towards tobacco control measures between the year 1995-2010 and evaluate their opinion of tobacco control considering students‘ smoking habits.
Methods of the research. In order to assess the students‘ smoking habits and their relationship with regard to smoking, there was a questionnaire survey (N=2311 (695 men and 1616 women), the response rate – 79.2 per cent) used during the cycle of preventive medicine. The statistical analysi was performed using the statistical package SPSS 19.0 for Windows.
Results. 1. After performing the study, it was found out that 33.8 per cent of men and 16.4 per cent of women, studying in Faculty of Medicine between the year 1995-2010, were smoking. 25.7 per cent of men and 24.3 per cent of women stated that they have quit smoking. It was 40.5 per cent of men and 59.3 per cent of women who were non-smokers. The number of regularly smoking male students in the last 3 years (2008-2010) fell almost twofold, comparing the data to... [to full text]
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Aspects of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a clinical study /Löfdahl, J. Magnus, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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An epidemiological study on the living environment, passive smoking and respiratory health of a cohort of children aged 3-6 years in Hong Kong /Chung, Siu-fung. January 1995 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 143-160).
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Health communication, culture and the 'glamourised' killer : assessing youth's knowledge and perceptions of hubbly bubbly smoking risks at a South African universityMotloutsi, Aniekie Mohlabine January 2020 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Hubbly Bubbly smoking is a visibly growing trend among young people globally. However, health promotion about the risks that result from hubbly bubbly smoking has not been vigilant so far. The study attempts to determine youth’s knowledge and perceptions towards the health risks incurred from smoking the HB. The study triangulates three theories namely: The Extended Parallel Process Model, Peer Cluster Theory and Hofstede’s Cultural Theory using a mixed method approach among University of Limpopo students. A sample of 350 students was used, made up of n=175 HB users and n=175 non-users. In the quantitive part of the study, a 2 x 2 between and within respondents design was followed. Most HB users 74% (129) and non-users 80% (140) identified lung cancer as the health risk of HB smoking. Participants perceived HB smoking health risks as exaggerated, and that HB is less addictive and less harmful. The majority of participants (75%) had not heard or seen any health communication awareness campaigns about HB risks. Focus group interviews revealed that participants perceived HB as less harmful, less expensive with no visible health warning and not addictive to every user. Findings suggest that there is inadequacy in terms of knowledge as well as negative perceptions towards HB and its health risks. There should be more health communication campaigns that will engage the youth and the public, and the media should speak more about HB and its health risks. The study contributes to the body of knowledge about health communication campaigns about existing problems. / National Research Foundation (NRF)
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The Effects of Stress-Related Rumination Versus Distraction on Nicotine Cravings and Latency to Smoke among Nicotine-Deprived SmokersScanlin, Matthew C. January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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An epidemiological study on the living environment, passive smoking and respiratory health of a cohort of children aged 3-6 years in HongKongChung, Siu-fung, 鍾少鳳 January 1995 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Implementación y evaluación de políticas para el control del tabaquismo en los hospitalesMartínez Martínez, Cristina 14 April 2011 (has links)
Antecedentes: Varios estudios han demostrado como las políticas de control del tabaquismo favorecen el abandono del consumo del tabaco entre los fumadores, incrementan la aceptabilidad y el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. Sin embargo, se desconoce el impacto que las diferentes medidas de control del tabaquismo tienen en los hospitales catalanes.
Hipótesis: 1) La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales reduce la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre los trabajadores, favoreciendo cambios en la actitud y el comportamiento en el cumplimiento de las normativas. 2) La Ley 28/2005 ha contribuido a la progresión y el avance de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales y 3) ha fomentado cambios en la disminución del humo ambiental del tabaco (HAT) en los hospitales de Cataluña. 4) Los hospitales de 7 países europeos que han desarrollado el modelo de hospital sin humo de la Red Europea sin Humo (ENSH) presentan niveles bajos de HAT en distintas áreas de hospitalización. 5) El programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a trabajadores fumadores de los hospitales miembros de la Red Catalana de Hospitales sin Humo (XCHsF) consigue una alta tasa de abstinencia.
Objetivos: 1) Describir los efectos en el consumo de tabaco tras la implantación progresiva de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en un centro hospitalario: el Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO). 2) Valorar la progresión de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF antes y después de la implantación de la Ley de medidas de control del tabaco 28/2005. 3) Evaluar el impacto de la Ley de control de tabaquismo 28/2005 en la exposición al HAT en los hospitales públicos catalanes, antes (2005) y después (2006) de su implantación. 4) Describir los niveles de HAT mediante la determinación de partículas PM2.5, en una muestra de hospitales europeos en el año 2007. 5) Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios.
Metodología: Para conseguir los objetivos marcados se han realizado cinco estudios que incluyen: una serie de encuestas transversales, un estudio pre-post de evaluación de las medidas de control del tabaco, dos estudios de determinación del HAT - uno realizado en Cataluña, y el otro en 7 países europeos- y un estudio de evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF en 33 hospitales.
Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en el ICO disminuyó del 34,5% en 2001 al 30,6% en el 2006. Entre los médicos la prevalencia descendió del 20,0% al 15,2%, entre las enfermeras del 34,0% al 32,6%, y entre los administrativos del 56,0% al 37,0%. Se produjeron cambios en el patrón de consumo como la reducción del número de cigarrillos y del número de fumadores diarios.
La puntuación media de la implementación de las políticas de control del tabaco en los hospitales fue del 52,4 (IC 95%: 45,4-59,5) en 2005 y 71,6 (IC 95%: 67,0-76,2) en 2007 (aumento del 36,7%). Los hospitales con mayor incremento fueron los hospitales generales (48%), hospitales con >300 camas (41,1%), hospitales cuyos trabajadores fuman entre un 35-39% (72,2%), hospitales con un implantación reciente de políticas de control del tabaco
(74,2%).
En los hospitales de Cataluña la concentración media de nicotina disminuyó de
0,23 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,13-0,63) antes de la Ley 28/2005, a 0,10 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,02-0,19) después de la Ley (disminución del 56,5%). Tras la Ley se observaron reducciones significativas en la concentración mediana de nicotina en todas las localizaciones, aunque se continuaron detectando valores de HAT en las entradas de los hospitales, sala de urgencias, escaleras de incendios y cafeterías.
La mediana de las concentraciones de PM2.5 en una muestra de 30 hospitales europeos fue de 3,0 μg/m3. La mitad de las medidas presentaron valores entre 2,0 a 7,0 μg/m3. Los niveles de PM2.5 fueron similares entre los diferentes países. Once medidas (5,5%) estaban por encima de 25,0 μg/m3, límite recomendado por la OMS para los espacios exteriores.
Los trabajadores de una muestra de hospitales catalanes que entraron en el programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF presentaron una probabilidad de abstinencia global a los 6 meses de 0,504 (IC 95%: 0,431- 0,570). Los hombres obtuvieron mejor abstinencia 0,526 (IC 95%: 0,398-0,651) que las mujeres (0,495 IC 95%: 0,410-0,581). Por grupos profesionales, los médicos obtuvieron una abstinencia más alta (0,659, IC 95%: 0,506-0,811) que las enfermeras (0,463, IC 95%: 0,349-0,576). Los trabajadores con mayor dependencia a la nicotina tuvieron una menor probabilidad de abstinencia (0,376, IC 95%: 0,256-0,495) que los trabajadores con baja dependencia (0,529, IC 95%: 0,458-0,599). Se observa una alta probabilidad de abstinencia en trabajadores que siguieron un tratamiento farmacológico combinado (bupropion y sustitutivos de la nicotina) (0,761, IC 95%: 0,588-0,933).
Conclusiones:
La introducción progresiva de políticas de control del tabaquismo en los hospitales se asocia con una ligera disminución del consumo de tabaco y la modificación del patrón de consumo entre los trabajadores fumadores. La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales disminuye la percepción de la exposición al HAT e incrementa el cumplimiento auto reportado de la normativa entre los trabajadores. Los niveles de HAT disminuyen en los hospitales tras la entrada en vigor de la Ley 28/2005. La valoración de las concentraciones de nicotina en fase vapor ofrece un sistema de monitorización objetivo y fiable que refuerza el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. La presencia de HAT en los hospitales europeos monitorizada mediante PM2.5 es baja, a excepción de la hallada en lugares en los que se permite fumar cuya concentración es elevada. Los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF presentan un mayor control de tabaquismo (medidas mediante el cuestionario europeo selfaudit) tras dos años de implantación de la Ley 28/2005 (2007) que los obtenidos antes de la Ley (2005). El programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios fumadores obtiene una alta probabilidad de abstinencia a los seis meses. Los trabajadores tratados con dependencia baja o media, los fumadores de 10-19 cigarrillos al día y los tratados con terapia combinada obtuvieron mejores tasas de abstinencia / "Implementation and Evaluation of Tobacco control Policies in Hospitals"
Background: Several studies have shown that tobacco control policies favour the cessation of tobacco use, increase population support and improve compliance with smoke free policies. However, the impact of tobacco control measures in Catalan hospitals is unknown.
Hypothesis: 1) The smoke free policy in hospitals reduces the prevalence of tobacco consumption among workers and increases compliance with smoke free regulations; 2) Law 28/2005 has increased tobacco control policies in hospitals; 3) has decreased second-hand smoke (SHS) levels among Catalan hospitals; 4) European hospitals which have developed the European smoke free model (ENSH) have low levels of SHS in different areas; 5) the smoking cessation program addressed to hospital employees achieves a high rate of abstinence.
Aims: 1) To describe the effects on tobacco consumption after the gradual implementation of tobacco control policies in a hospital; 2) to evaluate the progression of tobacco control policies in hospitals members of the XCHsF before and after the implementation of Law 28/2005, 3) To assess the impact of tobacco control Law 28/2005 on exposure to SHS in public hospitals in Catalonia, before (2005) and after (2006) its implementation. 4) To describe the levels of SHS by the assessment of PM2.5 particles in a sample of European hospitals in 2007; 5) to evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program addressed to hospital workers.
Methodology: Five studies have been conducted, which were: a series of cross-sectional surveys, a pre-post evaluation of tobacco control measures, two studies for the assessment of SHS- one in Catalonia, and another in 7 European countries- and a study evaluating the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program.
Results: The tobacco consumption at one hospital dropped from 34.5% in 2001 to 30.6% in 2006. Smokers changed their consumption patterns with the reduction of the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the decrease of daily smokers.
The average score of the implementation of tobacco control policies in hospitals was 52.4 (95% CI 45.4 to 59.5) in 2005 and 71.6 (95% CI 67.0 to 76.2) in 2007 (up 36.7%). The average median concentration of nicotine decreased 56.5% after the implementation of Law 28/2005. However, nicotine was found in hospitals halls, emergency rooms, fire escapes and cafeterias.
The median concentrations of PM2.5 in a sample of 30 European hospitals were low (3.0 ug/m3). The abstinence probability of the XCHsF tobacco cessation program at 6 months was 0.504 (95% CI 0.431 to 0.570). Workers with higher nicotine dependence showed a lower likelihood of abstinence (0.376, 95% CI: .256 to .495) than the low-dependence (0.529, 95% CI 0.458 to 0.599). There is a high probability of abstinence among workers treated with combined drug therapy (bupropion and nicotine replacement) (0.761, 95% CI 0.588 to 0.933).
Conclusions: Tobacco control policies in hospitals are associated with a slight decline in smoking consumption, reduction of levels of SHS, and high probability of abstinence at 6 months.
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