Undersökningen syftar till att öka kunskap och förståelse kring de medverkande faktorer som resulterar till upphörandet av en kriminell livsstil hos KRIS anställda. Vi har genomfört fem kvalitativa intervjuer med individer som är anställda hos KRIS för att få en djupare förståelse kring processen om att bryta med kriminalitet. Föreningen KRIS agerar som stöd till individer som söker frivillig vård för att upphöra ett avvikande beteende. Medlemmar inom KRIS har möjligheten till stödgrupper, terapibehandlingar, stödboenden, arbete, fritidsaktiviteter, utbildning och kamratskap. KRIS fungerar som ett skyddsnät med tillgång till ett ökat socialt nätverk för individer som vill ta sig ur kriminalitet.För att analysera forskningsempirin har vi använt oss av båda Erving Goffmans (2011) teori om stigma samt Helen Ebaughs (1988) teori om exitprocessen. Goffmans (2011) teori ökar medvetenhet om hur individen stämplas som ett stigma av omgivningen som ett resultat av sina avvikande handlingar. Ebaughs (1988) teori redogör för de processer som individen genomgår för att lämna en social roll och ersätta den med en annan social identitet. Dessa teorier möjliggör en sammanställning av de livserfarenheter som samtliga respondenter talar om i intervjuerna. Dessa teorier tillsammans med intervjuerna kommer att vara hjälpande för att förstå och analysera studiens syfte.Studiens resultat påvisar flera faktorer som bidrar till individens upphörande med kriminalitet. Resultatet indikerar att samtliga respondenter upplevde en särskild händelse i sina liv som orsakade känslor om att bryta med kriminalitet. Undersökningen visar dessutom att positiva reaktioner från familjemedlemmar och den sociala omgivningen har en bidragande effekt på respondenternas upphörande av kriminalitet. Bland andra faktorer, har KRIS-föreningen haft stor inflytande av respondenternas upphörande med kriminalitet, då KRIS motiverar och hjälper medlemmar att leva ett drogfritt och hederligt liv. / The study aims to increase knowledge and understanding of contributing factors that result in the cessation of a criminal lifestyle. We have carried out five qualitative interviews with individuals employed by KRIS to gain a deeper understanding regarding the process of breaking out of a criminal lifestyle. KRIS acts as a support system for individuals who seek voluntary care in terms of ending a deviant behavior. Members within KRIS have the opportunity for support groups, therapy treatments, supported housing, leisure activities, education, work, and friendship. KRIS works as a safety net with access to an increased social network for individuals who want to get out of crime.To analyze the research empirics, we have used both Erving Goffman's (2011) theory of stigma and Helen Ebaugh's (1988) theory of the exit process. Goffman's (2011) theory increases awareness of how the individual is stigmatized by the environment as a result of his deviant actions. Ebaugh's (1988) theory describes the processes that the individual goes through to leave a social role and replace it with another social identity. These theories enable a compilation of the life experiences that all respondents talk about in the interviews. These theories together with the interviews will clarify the study's aim.The results of the study demonstrate several factors that contribute to the individual's cessation of crime. The results indicate that all respondents experienced a special event in their lives that caused feelings of wanting to break with crime. The survey also shows that positive reactions from family members and the social environment have a contributing effect on the respondents' cessation of crime. Among other factors, the KRIS association has had a great influence on the respondents' cessation of crime, as KRIS motivates and helps members to live a drug-free and honest life.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine children's perceptions of policemen as these are related to the social environment in which he lives; and to investigate the social class, sex, and racial influences upon their perceptions. An oral picture test, consisting of 12 pictures, was administered to 39 fourth-grade children in two Ogden, Utah, public schools. The findings of this study is that there is mixed support for the hypothesis that significant differences exist between middle- and lower-class children in their perceptions of policemen. Support was approached for the second hypothesis: there exist significant differences between males and females in their perception of policemen. However, because a borderline level of significance (.07) was determined, it is uncertain whether differences exist between the sexes in their perceptions of policemen. The third hypothesis--that there exist significant differences between Caucasian and non-Caucasian races in their perception of policemen--was not statistically supported.

The diploma thesis "Social Environment and Physical Modifications of Adolescents - a Contribution to Social Pedagogy" deals with the issue of physical modifications as a widespread phenomenon today. It focuses mainly on the two most common forms in today's society: tattoos and piercings. It analyzes the possible causes and motivations (in relation to the social environment) to undergoing visual changes to their own body. The pedagogical aspect of the work is the focused on the family environment, life patterns of respondents and peer groups. Part of the theses is devoted to the school environment. The first part deals with the theoretical insight into the issue, the importance of body modifications, the definition of adolescence, self- concept and social environment. The practical part contains interviews with respondents, which were implemented using a semi-structured interview and then analyzed and interpreted.

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This project investigates the benefits and practicality of applying Zimmerman's (1994) dimensions of self-regulated learning to co-curricular activities so as to increase students' willingness and opportunities to communicate in English in the hallways of intensive English programs. Three of these dimensions (social environment, motivation, and physical environment) work together to create a semi-structured liaison between in and out of class communicative environments and give students an occasion, location, and motivation to speak English with one another. To evaluate the effectiveness of such activities and conceptualize a means in which to assist intensive English programs effectively incorporate co-curricular activities in their curricula, the principal researcher designed and conducted a co-curricular activity based self-regulated learning. She obtained student feedback using surveys and interviews and found that the majority of students spoke mostly English, made new friends, practiced listening and speaking skills, and enjoyed themselves at this activity. As a result of this data, the principal researcher created a booklet to assist in the planning of future co-curricular activities. While only a preliminary study, this data and resulting booklet have great potential to fill the hallways of intensive English programs with English and thus create a holistic learning environment.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the effects of occupational therapy rehabilitation on geriatric patients by reviewing studies conducted on motivation in occupational therapy. In occupational therapy it is important that you set goals for your patients (Creek & Lougher, 2008). It is also important to understand what motivates a patient to achieve those goals because goals and valued activities are intimately connected to motivation. Motivation deals with why we perform certain behaviors. It can predict physical performance and how well a person might recover from an illness and has been suggested to be predictive for rehabilitation success (Carlson, 1997). Because the geriatric population has more longevity, it is important to ensure that they receive the appropriate care necessary to improve and maintain their quality of life (Mason, 1994). After reviewing multiple studies the results reinforced the importance of motivation in occupational therapy treatment. Self-efficacy was found to highly influence a person’s motivation and was a recurring theme throughout this review (Peralta-Catipon & Hwang, 2011). One key to understanding and studying motivation in older adults was to identify what occupations matter to them (Teitelman, Raber, & Watts, 2010). It is important that occupational therapists understand how occupations become meaningful for the geriatric population as participation in those occupations plays an important role in promoting productive aging. When the occupational therapist was able to understand how occupations became meaningful to the patient, they were more equipped to help motivate the patient to participate in their rehabilitation (Janssen & Stube, 2013).

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<p>Older adults with chronic health conditions experience limitations participating in everyday activities. Neighbourhood characteristics and social support can offset individual impairments and help to facilitate participation; however, gaps in this literature exist. This thesis presents the results of three studies that explore the influence of neighbourhood and social factors on participation in everyday activities among older adults with chronic health conditions. The first paper describes a scoping review of academic literature regarding neighbourhood influences on participation. The findings of the review indicated that neighbourhood economic status, amenities, problems, mobility barriers, cohesion, and safety may influence participation but the pathways through which this occurs are not clear.</p> <p>The second paper uses findings from a cross-sectional survey (n=248) that examined the relationship between perceptions of neighbourhood characteristics and satisfaction with participation among older adults with chronic health conditions. Path analysis showed that fewer neighbourhood problems directly predict higher participation while higher neighbourhood cohesion and safety indirectly predict higher participation.</p> <p>The third paper uses data from the same cross-sectional survey to examine the types of social support that most strongly predict satisfaction with participation. Regression analyses showed that participants who perceived greater tangible support and positive social interaction support had more satisfaction with participation than participants with lower levels of these types of support.</p> <p>The findings in this thesis extend previous research by showing that neighbourhood characteristics influence participation even after accounting for social and individual factors. This research identified a potential pathway from neighbourhood characteristics to participation that includes neighbourhood cohesion and social support and established a link between positive social interaction support and participation. The findings in this thesis help to better understand neighbourhood and social influences on participation. These influences may be addressed through clinical or policy interventions to facilitate participation in older adults with chronic health conditions.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Some studies have demonstrated that Adult day services (ADS) benefit elders' and caregivers' well-being; however, others indicated that infantilization exists in some ADS centers where staff ignore the lifetime of elders' experiences. Many ADS environments in the United States are socially constructed as places for incompetent elders, and ADS clients may be labeled as child-like dependents. Most ADS research has been performed in Western society; little is known about ADS centers in Asian countries. Because ADS programs are promoted by the Taiwanese government to meet the needs of a growing aging population, it becomes essential to examine ADS centers and their practices in Taiwan in order to provide suggestions for future research and professional practice that supports respectful care of elders. This dissertation examined how elders experienced their daily life within the physical and social environment of two different types of ADS centers in Taiwan. I utilized theories of environmental press, place rules, and the total institution to shape my research framework. Using ethnographic data from two ADS centers with 270 hours of observations and 23 interviews with staff and clients, I analyzed staff-client interactions and clients' reactions toward staff behavior. The results are based on the analysis of clients' competencies, each center's approach to care, and their physical and social environments. Staff-client interactions within the two centers occurred not only in the form of infantilization but also with age-appropriate treatment in which staff paid respect to clients. I found two formats of staff-client interactions that reflected a culture of care uniquely Taiwanese yet also reminiscent of western programs: teacher-student format and nurse-patient interactions predominated. In one center, staff-client interactions were oriented toward a teacher-student relationship in which staff played the role of a teacher during activities by giving directions that controlled clients' behavior. In the other center, staff-clients relationships were focused on physical care and therapeutic practices. Staff treated the clients as patients and had the power to rule over clients' behavior by directing them how to eat and when to use the restroom. These patterns were neither inherently ageist nor absent of ageism. These differences stemmed from different models but each was supported within the context of Taiwanese culture derived from Confucianism and Japanese colonization, which emphasize hierarchical relationships. The findings also reveal that clients' individual differences influenced how they reacted toward both infantilizing and age-appropriate interactions. The differences were not only related to their competencies but also their different life experiences. These findings may inform a new approach to professional practice that incorporates a home-like environment that fosters autonomy and inhibits ageist treatment of differently-abled adults, thereby achieving a positive person-environment fit in the long-term care setting. / Ph. D.