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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Etudes des propriétés hydromécaniques des sols argileux non saturés proches de la saturation / The study of the hydromechanical properties of unsaturated clayey soils close to saturation

Li, Zhong-Sen 12 March 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse présente un ensemble de résultats expérimentaux sur une argile remaniée non saturée proche de la saturation, dont le degré de saturation est généralement supérieur à 70%.Après une série d’essais de caractérisation physique et mécanique du matériau, plusieurs méthodes expérimentales ont été utilisées pour étudier le comportement et certaines pathologies du sol compacté telles que l’orniérage et le matelassage.Une étude systématique du comportement du sol compacté sur chemins de drainage-humidification dans différents états initiaux a été effectuée, complétée par des mesures de succion par papier filtre et psychromètre. Les essais de porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure ont apporté un éclairage sur la microstructure du sol.La thèse a également permis d’étudier les variations de pression interstitielle du sol compacté sur chemin triaxial non drainé en utilisant la technique de translation d’axes, où quelques améliorations et modifications du montage ont été proposées. / This thesis present an experimental study of an unsaturated clayey soil close to saturation, whose degree of saturation is generally above 70%.After characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of the material, several experimental methods were used to study the behaviour and some pathologies of the compacted soil, such as rutting and quilting.A systematic study of the behaviour of the compacted soil on drying-wetting paths starting from different initial states was carried out, completed by suction measurements using filter-paper and psychrometer. Mercury intrusion porosimetry tests gave an insight of the soil microstructure.The thesis also addressed the question of the pore pressure variations of the compacted soil on undrained triaxial path using the axis-translation technique, where some improvements and modifications of the testing device were proposed.
2

Caractérisation améliorée des sols par l'essai de chargement de pointe au piézocone. Application au calcul des fondations profondes / Improved characterization of soils using the Cone Loading Test - Application to foundation design

Ali, Hassan 07 October 2010 (has links)
L’essai de chargement d’une pointe pénétrométrique (Cone Loading Test, essai CLT) est un nouvel essai de reconnaissance des sols in situ, qui constitue une amélioration majeure de l’essai de pénétration statique avec une pointe piézocône (CPTu). L’essai de chargement de pointe consiste à interrompre la pénétration classique (EN ISO 22476-1) à une cote souhaitée et à réaliser un chargement par paliers successifs de la pointe jusqu’à la rupture du sol.La courbe de chargement, reliant la pression appliquée sur la pointe au tassement de celle-ci,est riche en renseignements sur la déformabilité des sols. L’essai permet donc une caractérisation améliorée des sols en fournissant des paramètres de déformabilité aussi bien que les paramètres de résistance obtenus lors d’un essai de pénétration statique classique.La validation de la méthode d’essai et de son protocole expérimental, a été effectuée selon trois voies complémentaires : expérimentale, numérique et physique. Au niveau expérimental, plusieurs campagnes d’essais ont été réalisées en choisissant des sites intéressants pour le projet et contenants une importante base de données (essais in situ,au laboratoire, essais de pieux, essais sismiques…) comme le site des argiles des Flandres de Merville, un site sableux à Utrecht aux Pays-Bas, et un site sableux à Limelette en Belgique.Les résultats des différentes campagnes ont montré qu’il est possible d’avoir des courbes de chargement exploitables pour le calcul d’un module de déformation, utilisable et comparable en tout point aux modules obtenus par d’autres types d’essais. L’essai est adapté à un panel de sol très varié. Il est plus représentatif de l’état initial dans le sol que d’autres types d’essais.Par ailleurs les conditions aux limites sont bien maîtrisées.Au niveau numérique, une large étude paramétrique a été menée avec le logiciel Plaxis, pour tester l’influence de la géométrie de la pointe, du type de chargement, du modèle de comportement, des paramètres du sol, ainsi que des conditions initiales et au limite du problème. Des essais CLT ont été également réalisés sur des modèles réduits en centrifugeuse, pour tester l’influence de quelques paramètres comme la vitesse de chargement, la géométrie de l’embout de la pointe, la densité du massif ainsi que le niveau de g. Ces essais ont été associés à des essais de chargement de pieu instrumenté et des essais de fondations superficielles et profondes afin de pouvoir relier les paramètres mécaniques de l’essai CLT au comportement des ouvrages. En considérant que la pointe du pénétromètre est un modèle réduit de pieu, une retombée directe de l’essai CLT est sa capacité d’être un outil de dimensionnement de fondations. A cet effet, une méthode directe utilisant la résistance de pointe et le frottement latéral limite de l’essai CLT a été proposée pour calculer la capacité portante et prédire le tassement d’un pieu.Cette méthode consiste en une nouvelle approche transformant les courbes de chargement et celles de mobilisation de frottement d’un essai CLT point par point en courbe charge-déplacement d’un pieu (courbes t-z). / The Cone Loading Test (CLT) is a new in situ test, which constitutes a major improvement to the piezocone penetration test (CPTu). The cone loading test consists in stopping the penetration (EN ISO 22476-1) at a desired depth, and carrying out a loading of the cone by successive load steps until the ground failure.The obtained loading curve, which relates the pressure applied on the cone in each step, to the cone settlement, is rich in information regarding soil deformability. Therefore, the test allows improved soil characterization by providing deformability parameters as well as the strength parameters obtained during a CPT test.The validation of the cone loading test method was conducted by three complementary approaches: experimental, numerical and physical.Several test campaigns were conducted on different sites such as the Merville site (Flanders clay), and two sandy sites in Utrecht (The Netherlands), and Limelette (Belgium). The results of these campaigns have shown that loading curves can be obtained for a modulus calculation, which is comparable to the other investigation tests moduli. The test is suitable for varied soil types. It is more representative of the initial soil state than other test types. Furthermore the boundary conditions are well controlled.In the numerical approach performed with Plaxis finite element modelling software, an important parametric study was done, in order to test the influence of cone geometry, loading type, behaviour model, soil parameters, initial conditions and boundary problem. CLT tests were also performed on reduced scale models in a geotechnical centrifuge. The objective was to test the influence of some parameters such as the loading rate, the cone geometry, the soil density and the level of g. These tests were associated with instrumented pile loading tests as well as shallow and deep foundation tests in order to link the mechanical parameters of the CLT test to the structures’ behaviour. By considering that the cone penetrometer is a reduced pile model, a very practical and interesting outcome is the potential of the cone loading test to be a foundations dimensioning tool. For this purpose, a direct method using the cone resistance and limit side friction of the CLT was proposed to calculate the bearing capacity, and predict the pile settlement. Thismethod is a new approach transforming the loading curves and those of friction mobilization of a CLT, point by point to a load-settlement curve of a pile (t-z curves).
3

[en] TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON SOILS / [pt] EFEITO DA TEMPERATURA EM SOLOS

CLAUDIO RABE 23 April 2001 (has links)
[pt] O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo do comportamento mecânico de um solo argiloso e um solo residual, submetidos a ensaios com temperaturas entre 20ºC e 70ºC. O programa experimental envolveu ensaios de caracterização (limites de Atterberg), ensaios de adensamento com carregamento incremental (SIC), triaxiais não drenados (CIU) e de cisalhamento direto. Para a realização dos ensaios de limites de Atterberg, as amostras foram previamente aquecidas em estufa. Para a realização dos ensaios de adensamento, triaxiais e de cisalhamento direto, foram desenvolvidos sistemas de aquecimento, controle e distribuição térmica, para garantir ao corpo de prova uma uniformidade da temperatura preestabelecida. Uma metodologia de calibração do sistema de aquecimento foi desenvolvida para se determinar o tempo necessário para o equilíbrio térmico dos solos. Houve também a preocupação com a calibração prévia dos instrumentos eletrônicos da prensa triaxial (transdutores e célula de carga) na temperatura dos ensaios. Na faixa de temperatura estudada, o preaquecimento não têm influência nos resultados de limites do solo argiloso. Os ensaios de adensamento revelaram que o aquecimento leva a um aumento da compressibilidade do solo, assim como um aumento da velocidade de adensamento. Nos ensaios triaxiais, observou-se que o aumento da temperatura causa um aumento da resistência dos materiais, além de reduzir o excesso de poropressões gerado durante o cisalhamento não drenado. Os ensaios de cisalhamento direto confirmaram a tendência de aumento da resistência observada nos ensaios triaxiais, além de indicar uma redução da deformabilidade volumétrica durante o cisalhamento. / [en] The subject matter of this thesis is the study of the mechanical behavior of clay and residual soils subjected to a series of tests with temperatures ranging from 20 to 70ºC. The experimental program consisted of Atterberg limits, consolidation tests with incremental loading (SIC), triaxial consolidated undrained tests (CIU) and direct shear tests on both soil types under saturated conditions. Samples for Atterberg limit tests have been pre-heated in oven to the specified temperature. Heating control and thermal distribution systems have been specially developed for insuring an homogeneous temperature throughout the consolidation, triaxial and direct shear tests. The thermal balance times for the two soils were achieved by means of a calibration method developed for the heating system. Transducers and load cell calibration were carefully calibrated acording to the temperature range for the testing program. It may be concluded that pre-heating to temperatures below 70ºC has no influence on the Atterberg limits results for both soils. Consolidation tests have shown that heating on samples leads to an increase in compressibility and also on the coefficient of consolidation. From the triaxial tests it was observed that an increase in temperature leads to an increase in strength and to smaller excess porepressures during undrained shear tests. The increase in shear strenght with temperature observed on triaxial tests was also confirmed by direct shear tests. These effects were more significant in clay than in residual soil.

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