This thesis aids to deepen the analysis of drought in the South Moravian Region and its impact on the agricultural production. As part of the research were compared trends and variability in a water balance in the long term (1961--2014). Next, in the period 2000--2014, were examined the yields of the significant crops (spring barley, winter wheat and winter rape) and their dependence on the water balance and soil moisture. With a coefficient of determination (R2) were identified districts, months and years in which the yield was dependent on the water balance and water content in the soil.