Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS) often cause acidic pollution in canal water, which negatively impacts on water quality, biodiversity and the livelihood of farmers and fishermen, especially the landless poor. The problem is particularly acute in the coastal zones, where people already suffer from the consequences of salinity intrusion. Reducing acidic pollution is important for improving agricultural and aqua-cultural production and also the living conditions of people living in coastal zones with ASS. This study aims at developing an analytical tool that can simulate the propagation of acidic pollution and that would allow planers and managers to develop water management options and other resource management measures to reduce acidic pollution in the canal network of a coastal zone. / This study utilizes a systems approach, with a series of field, laboratory studies, in combination with statistical and GIS-based analyses and simulation modelling. Field and laboratory studies were carried out during 2001 - 2006 in Ca Mau peninsula, Mekong Delta, Vietnam, to fill in knowledge gaps on the source and amount of acidic loads from soil to the water surroundings, their interaction with saline water and their propagation in the canal network. Knowledge generated from this study was used in developing and validating a model to simulate the propagation of acidity in the tidal canal network with brackish water. / Measured data showed that the acidic pollution in the canal network varies seasonally. The pH of the canal water was lowest (3 – 4.5) at the beginning of the rainy season and highest (7 – 7.5) at the end of the rainy season and during the dry season. The reduced dredging activities in year 2005 and 2006 may explain why the acidic pollution decreased in 2005 – 2006 compared with 2001 –2004. The most serious acidic pollution occurs when the two following conditions are present simultaneously: (i) The existence of newly dredged canals (and hence the deposition of the excavated spoils on the canal embankment) in areas with ASS (especially with a severe ASS); and (ii) little or a lack of water exchange from tidal flows. Field experiments showed that ASS embankments within 2-3 years after dredging represent a high acidity hazard because they can release into the canal a total acidity, mainly from runoff and seepage water, of up to 2.7 mol H+day-1 per meter length of canal embankment. Functional relationships were established allowing quantification of the daily acid load transferred from fields and canal embankments to the canal network. / A laboratory titration experiment showed that saline water could buffer the effects of acidic pollution in the canal water. A new ACIDITY module was developed and was coupled to an existing hydraulics and salinity model (the Vietnam River Systems And Plains - VRSAP). The model was calibrated with measured data from 2003 and validated with data from 2005. The Model is the first of its kind able to simulate the temporal and spatial dynamics of changes of pH (as an indicator of acidity) at a regional scale, together with salinity and water flow characteristics in a tidal canal network with brackish water. The Model can be used to investigate the effects of different scenarios of water and other resource management options on the extent of acidic pollution in a coastal area. Analysis of simulation runs for various scenarios indicate that opening the two main sluices along the East Sea at high tide in one day every week in May and June for saline water intake, combined with widening the canals that connect these sluices to the West Sea can eliminate the acidity problem in the study area. Large scale dredging of canals of ASS in fresh water zone should be avoided as it can create severe acidic pollution of the canal water.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Lacy Santos.pdf: 610209 bytes, checksum: 3345388b917bb47a5a2901cd23eb9383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de diferentes materiais corretivos de acidez do solo no desenvolvimento inicial e nutrição mineral da mamona em condição de casa de vegetação. O experimento foi montado num esquema fatorial 2x6, sendo dois Latossolos (LVA I e LVA II), e cinco materiais corretivos de acidez do solo (calcário, resíduo de mármore, escória de metalurgia, produto proveniente de algas marinhas, resíduo de rocha (50% mármore + 50% granito), e testemunha (sem aplicação de corretivo), num delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A mamoneira (cultivar IAC-80) foi cultivada por 45 dias em casa de vegetação, com duas plantas de mamona por vaso. Ao final do período procedeu-se a quantificação da matéria seca da parte aérea (folha e caule), matéria seca da raiz e volume de raízes e determinaram-se os teores e acúmulos de P, K, Ca e Mg na folha e no caule. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando significativos foi utilizado o teste de F a 5 % de probabilidade para comparação das médias dos resultados através de contrastes. Os resultados mostraram que houve comportamento diferenciado dos materiais corretivos de acidez e dos solos sobre o desenvolvimento inicial e a nutrição mineral da mamoneira. Para ambos os solos, de maneira geral, o uso de materiais corretivos proporcionou maior desenvolvimento inicial da mamoneira em relação à testemunha (sem aplicação de corretivo), evidenciando a importância da correção da acidez do solo para a cultura. A aplicação de materiais corretivos da acidez promoveu uma redução dos teores de P, K na parte aérea da mamoneira, dado o efeito de diluição, pela maior produção de matéria seca. A aplicação dos materiais corretivos permitiu a elevação dos teores Ca e Mg na parte aérea da mamoneira em relação à testemunha, somente no solo LVA II, o qual apresentava, originalmente, menor disponibilidade destes nutrientes em relação ao LVA I (Tabela 1). De maneira geral, os maiores valores de acúmulo dos nutrientes ocorreram nos tratamentos que proporcionaram maior produção de matéria seca, com destaque para os corretivos resíduo de mármore e resíduo de mármore (50%) + resíduo de granito (50%) que promoveram maior acúmulo de K, Ca e Mg tanto na folha quanto no caule da mamoneira, no LVA II. A utilização de materiais corretivos em solos ácidos cultivados com mamoneira demonstrou potencial no desenvolvimento inicial e na nutrição mineral desta cultura nas condições avaliadas / This study aimed to evaluate the use of different correctives materials of Soil acidity in the initial development and mineral nutrition in castor bean crops greenhouse condition. The experiment was a factorial scheme of 2x6, two soils Oxisols (LVA I and II), and five of corrective materials of soil acidity (limestone, marble waste, metallurgy slag, product from seaweed, waste rock (50% + 50% marble granite), and control (without application of lime) in a randomized block design with four repetitions. The Castor tree (IAC-80), cultivated for 45 days in a greenhouse, two plants of castor bean by vessel. At this time we proceeded to quantify the dry matter of the shoot (leaf and stem), root dry matter and root volume and measured the contents and accumulation of P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves and stem. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and significant when we used the F test at 5% probability to compare the average of results through contrasts. The results showed different behaviors of the materials for acidity of soil on the mineral nutrition and initial development of castor bean. For both soils, in general, the use of corrective materials provided greater initial development of castor bean in relation to control (without application of corrective), highlighting the importance of acidity in the soil for this culture. The application of corrective materials promoted a reduction of acidity of P, K in the shoot of castor beans, given the dilution effect, by the higher dry matter production. The application of corrective materials allowed high levels of Ca and Mg in shoots of castor bean in relation the control, only the soil LVA II, which originally presented lower nutrient availability in relation to the LVA I (Table 1). In Generally, the higher accumulation of nutrients occurred in the treatments that showed higher dry matter production, especially the Marble and lime residue, marble residue (50%) + granite waste (50%) that promoted a higher accumulation of K, Ca and Mg in both the leaf and the stem of the castor bean, the LVA II. The use of corrective materials in acid soils cultivated with castor bean showed a potential in the initial developent and mineral nutrition of this crop under the conditions evaluated