[Abstract]: The development and commercial release of midge resistant grain sorghum hybrids in Australia has been one of the real success stories of the sorghum industry. Almost all the current commercial sorghum hybrids grown contain a significant baseline of midge resistance that has greatly reduced that pest status of this insect. However while breeding efforts have been successful, it seems only one mechanism of resistance remains present in commercial hybrids. This mechanism of resistance known as ‘ovipositional-antixenosis’ is polygenic in nature and has contributed to the gradual reduction in the genetic base of commercial sorghum hybrids, potentially limiting the advancement of other agronomic traits.In order to expand both the level of resistance and the genetic diversity within Australian commercial sorghum hybrids, research was undertaken to capture new sources of midge resistance. Initially the goal of this work was to isolate and characterise the most promising new antibiosis sources of midge resistance previously documented within international breeding lines. However as the work progressed the discovery of a previously undescribed tolerance source of midge resistance led to more detailed studies of midge larval biology within a narrow range of sorghum germplasm lines to better characterise the resistance mechanism.To complete this work a new water-injection technique was developed to allow more precise studies of midge larval biology where previous traditional screening methods were deemed inadequate. Using this method several antibiotic lines were shown to contain diverse modes of action, while the tolerance mechanism of resistance was confirmed and more accurately characterised. In all cases plant characters within the developing spikelet were associated with each resistance mechanism.Overall, one source of resistance, found in lines derived from the Indian land race line DJ6514, was identified as superior to the others tested. Germplasm derived from this source was found to confer inter-related antibiosis and tolerance mechanisms. Both mechanisms were indirectly shown to be caused by the unique antibiotic properties of the developing caryopsis. Larval mortality (antibiosis) increased in this line, in line with increased feeding against the developing caryopsis. A second tolerance mode of action was also linked to anti-feeding properties of the developing caryopsis. Larvae were recorded at higher than normal rates feeding away from the caryopsis resulting in the survival of both larvae and grain in a significant proportion of spikelets. This escape ‘tolerance’ mechanism of resistance was confirmed indirectly in several studies and could be artificially induced in other genotypes when larval feeding against the caryopsis was delayed. As such the resistance is better described as antixenosis to caryopsis feeding.When both resistance mechanisms are present, the resistance isolated from DJ6514 was found to cause a three to four fold increase in seed set in resistant lines. This source of resistance has been directly selected for incorporation into the Australian breeding program and has been shown to be inherited simply as a single gene that needs to be deployed on both sides of the breeding program to ensure stable expression. When breeding efforts are complete a new suite of highly resistant and genetically diverse midge resistant sorghum hybrids will emerge into the marketplace.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Plant Science. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/12/10). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)(Food Science)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

OLIVEIRA, Viviane Pinho de. Caracteres fisiológicos e bioquímicos de Sorghum bicolor E Sorghum sudanense sob condições de salinidade. 2011. 143 f. Tese (Doutorado em bioquímica)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T14:27:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_vpoliveira.pdf: 1375579 bytes, checksum: 0f56113f4c4ae98e3935348044793fbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-02T14:44:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_vpoliveira.pdf: 1375579 bytes, checksum: 0f56113f4c4ae98e3935348044793fbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T14:44:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_vpoliveira.pdf: 1375579 bytes, checksum: 0f56113f4c4ae98e3935348044793fbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This study aimed to evaluate some physiological and biochemical variables of two species of sorghum subjected to different growing conditions and salinity. For this, two experiments were set up. In the first study, the variables in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum sudanense were evaluated according different levels of salinity stress. In the second, the variables were studied in two distinct phases of development of two species of sorghum, to determine which one of these species are more resistant to the deleterious effects of salinity. In the first experiment, treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial, consisting of two species (S. bicolor and S. sudanense) and five treatments (NaCl at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM). In this experiment, the gas exchange parameters were little affected by salinity in both species. Plant growth of both species decreased as salinity increased. The osmotic potential (ψs) leaves was strongly reduced by salinity in these plants, which significantly increased the concentration of organic solutes in the two species of sorghum. The concentrations of Na+ and Cl- increased with salinity in both species. S. bicolor and S. sudanense maintained relative water content under saline conditions the same as the control. In sorghum species studied, the soluble carbohydrates and the ions K+ and Cl- were the main contributors to the osmotic adjustment of plants. In leaves of S. bicolor, there was an increase in activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol (GPX) and a reduction in activity of catalase (CAT), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not affected. In S. sudanense, the activity of GPX and SOD increased with increasing salinity. In roots, just SOD activity in S. bicolor were increased with salt stress. Ribonuclease activity in the leaves of both species increased with increasing doses of NaCl, whereas in roots it was reduced as the salt stress intensified. In the second experiment, treatments were arranged in a factorial 2 × 3 × 2, composed of two species (S. bicolor and S. sudanense), three concentrations of salts in irrigation water (electrical conductivities of 0.0, 4.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and two periods of application of salt stress to plants [from sowing until 25 days later (Phase I) and from 25th to 50th day after sowing (Phase II)], with five repetitions. The main changes in gas exchange occurred in Phase II development. The salt stress reduced plant growth of sorghum in both phases of development, but this reduction was more pronounced in Phase I. The levels of organic solutes varied according to the phases of development, species and salinity. In Phase I, in both species of sorghum, there were increases in levels of Na+ and K+ and reduced Cl- by salinity, whereas in Phase II development, the levels of Na+ and K+ were reduced and Cl- extended, both in S. bicolor as in S. sudanense. In Phase I of development, only SOD in S. bicolor, and CAT in S. sudanense showed activity increases in response to salt stress. In the Phase II, no increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme system was observed as a function of salinity in both species. In Phase I, the activity of RNase in both species was reduced by salinity, while in Phase II development, it was expanded. Plant growth of S. sudanense was slightly more affected than the S. bicolor. Sorghum species studied in this work were able to reduce the leaf ψs high concentrations of NaCl, which may have contributed to a better osmotic adjustment. In addition, under the conditions employed in the first experiment, S. bicolor appeared to have a more effective antioxidant system against the effects of salinity than S. sudanense. For the second experiment, the growth of sorghum plants was more affected when the salt stress was applied in the early stage of development. The oxidative stress caused by salinity seems to have been sufficient to stimulate the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in Phase II development in both species. Furthermore, increased activity RNase may indicate the role of this enzyme in protecting against the deleterious effects of salinity in these species of sorghum. Overall, there were no marked differences in plant tolerance between S. bicolor and S. sudanense under salinity. / Este trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar algumas variáveis fisiológicas e bioquímicas de duas espécies de sorgo forrageiro submetidas a diferentes condições de cultivo e de salinidade. Para isso, foram montados dois experimentos. No primeiro deles estudou-se tais variáveis em Sorghum bicolor e Sorghum sudanense, em função de diferentes níveis de estresse salino, enquanto no segundo, as variáveis foram estudadas em duas fases distintas de desenvolvimento das duas espécies de sorgo, visando determinar em qual delas essas espécies são mais resistentes aos efeitos deletérios da salinidade. No primeiro experimento, os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, composto por duas espécies (S. bicolor e S. sudanense) e cinco tratamentos (NaCl a 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mM). Nesse experimento, os parâmetros de trocas gasosas foram pouco afetados pela salinidade, em ambas as espécies. O crescimento das plantas de ambas as espécies reduziu à medida que a salinidade aumentou. O potencial osmótico (s) foliar foi fortemente reduzido pela salinidade nessas plantas, a qual aumentou significativamente a concentração de solutos orgânicos nas duas espécies de sorgo. As concentrações de Na+ e Cl- aumentaram com a salinidade em ambas as espécies. S. bicolor e S. sudanense mantiveram o teor relativo de água sob condições salinas igual ao do controle. Nas espécies de sorgo estudadas, os carboidratos solúveis e os íons K+ e Cl- foram os que mais contribuíram para o ajustamento osmótico das plantas. Nas folhas de S. bicolor, houve um aumento na atividade das peroxidases do ascorbato (APX) e do guaiacol (GPX) e uma redução na atividade da catalase (CAT), enquanto a dismutase do superóxido (SOD) não foi afetada. Em S. sudanense, à medida que foram elevadas as doses de NaCl, observou-se um aumento na atividade da GPX e da SOD. Nas raízes, apenas a SOD apresentou aumento em atividade no S. bicolor. A atividade ribonucleásica nas folhas de ambas as espécies aumentou com as doses crescentes de NaCl, enquanto que nas raízes, ela foi reduzida à medida que o estresse salino intensificou-se. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 × 2, composto por duas espécies (S. bicolor e S. sudanense), três concentrações de sais na água de irrigação (condutividades elétricas de 0,0; 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1) e dois períodos de aplicação do estresse salino às plantas [desde a semeadura até 25 dias depois (Fase I) e do 25º ao 50º dia após a semeadura (Fase II)], com cinco repetições. As principais alterações nas trocas gasosas ocorreram na Fase II do desenvolvimento. O estresse salino reduziu o crescimento das plantas de sorgo em ambas as fases de desenvolvimento, porém essa redução foi mais acentuada na Fase I. Os teores dos solutos orgânicos variaram em função das fases de desenvolvimento, da espécie e da salinidade. Na Fase I, em ambas as espécies de sorgo, houve acréscimos nos teores de Na+ e K+ e redução nos de Cl- pela salinidade, enquanto que, na Fase II do desenvolvimento, os teores de Na+ e K+ foram reduzidos e os de Cl-, aumentados, tanto em S. bicolor como em S. sudanense. Na Fase I do desenvolvimento, apenas a SOD, em S. bicolor, e a CAT, em S. sudanense, mostraram incrementos de atividade em resposta ao estresse salino. Já na Fase II, nenhum aumento na atividade do sistema enzimático antioxidativo foi observado em função da salinidade, nas duas espécies estudadas. Na Fase I, a atividade da RNase, em ambas as espécies, foi reduzida com a salinidade, enquanto na Fase II do desenvolvimento, ela foi aumentada. O crescimento das plantas de S. sudanense foi ligeiramente mais afetado que o de S. bicolor. As espécies de sorgo forrageiro estudadas neste trabalho foram capazes de reduzir o s foliar em concentrações elevadas de NaCl, o que pode ter contribuído para um melhor ajustamento osmótico. Além disso, nas condições empregadas no primeiro experimento, S. bicolor pareceu ter um sistema antioxidante mais eficaz contra os efeitos da salinidade do que S. sudanense. Em relação ao segundo experimento, o crescimento das plantas de sorgo forrageiro foi mais afetado quando o estresse salino foi aplicado em estádios iniciais do desenvolvimento. O estresse oxidativo causado pela salinidade parece não ter sido suficiente para estimular o sistema de defesa enzimático antioxidativo na Fase II do desenvolvimento, em ambas as espécies. Além disso, o aumento na atividade RNásica pode indicar o papel desta enzima na proteção contra os efeitos deletérios da salinidade nessas espécies de sorgo. De modo geral, não houve diferenças marcantes na tolerância das plantas de S. bicolor e S. sudanense à salinidade.

The present study investigated the capability of Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 to utilize various industrial or agricultural by-products for the production of lipids. The substrates analyzed were used restaurant oil (yellow grease) and animal fat (white grease) derived crude glycerol from biodiesel production, and sweet sorghum juice. Crude glycerol is the primary by-product from biodiesel production - 0.66 lb is generated for each gallon of biodiesel produced. The crude glycerol can be purified and used in food, chemical, drug, and other industries. Purification however, is an expensive and complicated process therefore other economical uses of crude glycerol must be identified such as the one described in this study - fermentation of crude glycerol via S. limacinum SR21 to produce lipids which then serve as biodiesel feedstocks. Sweet sorghum juice is harvested from the sweet sorghum plant, a C4 plant possessing high photosynthetic efficiency and high sugar yield including glucose, sucrose, and fructose. The juice is typically used for white sugar production, but may be a good substitution for common substrates used in lipid production via S. limacinum SR21. S. limacinum SR21 is a fast growing microalga capable of accumulating large quantities of lipids, which have applications in human health products, biodiesel, and animal feed. In separate batch studies, S. limacinum SR21 was grown on each substrate and monitored. On crude glycerol derived from yellow grease, 25 and 35 g/l were the optimal doses for untreated and treated crude glycerol, respectively. Biomass dry weights of 8.3 and 11.3 g/l were attained for these doses, respectively. The highest crude lipid content of all doses, 73.3%, was with 35 g/l treated crude glycerol. Crude glycerol derived from animal fats also provided similar results to these. S. limacinum SR21 grown on sweet sorghum juice furnished similar biomass density and lipid content. The optimum does of 50% juice produced a biomass dry weight of 9.4 g/l and 73.4% lipid content. While biomass dry weight was lower than that grown on glucose (10.9 g/l), lipid content was higher than typical values (50%). Of the three sugars, only glucose was utilized for growth. The remaining medium may still be used for white sugar production since fructose and sucrose were not consumed. Both crude glycerol and sweet sorghum juice caused substrate inhibition at high doses, and presence of methanol in crude glycerol presented an additional prohibitory effect on cell growth. Major fatty acids were nearly identical among the lipids produced from different substrates. This research shows that at certain concentrations of both crude glycerol and sweet sorghum juice can be utilized by S. limacinum SR21 to yield substantial quantities of lipids. Based upon the results revealed from the batch stage studies, large scale lipid production from industrial or agricultural by-products could be a reality in the near future. This production process will: 1) eliminate excessive crude glycerol from the market, 2) produce high-value lipids in an environmentally friendly, economical, and sustainable way, and 3) provide lipid feedstocks for various industrial applications.

Master of Science / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Yong-Cheng Shi / Sorghum flour is a gluten-free ingredient and can be used to prepare foods for celiac patients. In addition, sorghum flour is a good source of fiber in the form of resistant starch. The objectives of this research were to develop an effective process to increase resistant starch content of sorghum flour and investigate the effects of sorghum protein matrix on starch digestibility. Samples of white sorghum flour (28.9% amylose content) with different moisture contents (0%, 12.5%, 20%, and 30%) were treated at different temperatures (100, 120, and 140 [degrees]C) for different times (1, 2, and 4 h). Samples after heat treatments were tested for starch digestibility, protein digestibility, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and X-ray diffraction. The sample treated with 20% moisture at 100[degrees]C for 4 h had high resistant starch (RS) content (22.1% compared with 5.6% of the native sample) and low protein digestibility (8.4% compared with 68.3% of the native sample). The same heat-moisture treatment on isolated sorghum starch showed no significant change in RS content. DSC showed a very low degree of gelatinization for samples treated at moisture contents 20% and below. X-ray diffraction also suggested minimal change in starch crystallinity after heat treatment at low moisture contents (20% and below). Sorghum protein solubility after heat treatment was reduced, suggesting that protein structure was altered during the heat treatments. In conclusion, heat-moisture treatments were successful in increasing resistant starch content of sorghum flour by altering sorghum protein without gelatinizing the starch to retain starch functionality in food product applications. Sorghum flour with increased resistant starch content after heat treatment was evaluated and compared with normal sorghum flour for starch digestibility using the Integrated Total Dietary Fiber method, and for food applications in tortillas.

Master of Science / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Sajid Alavi / Sorghum, millets and teff are important staple crops worldwide, especially in semi-arid regions of Africa and India because of their drought tolerance. However, lack of research and other limitations have restricted their usage in food products. This study is focused on extrusion processing of low and high tannin sorghum varieties, millet and teff for high and low moisture applications, and to investigate process characteristics such as residence time distribution and specific mechanical energy, physico-chemical properties of resultant food products (such as pre-cooked pasta and expanded snacks) and their resistance starch content. Results from preliminary lab scale extrusion, including optimization of starch type and level for pre-cooked pasta and in-barrel moisture for expanded snacks, were used to design pilot-scale studies on a twin-screw extruder. In the first pilot-scale experiment, decorticated white sorghum blends prepared with addition of mono-glycerides (0.5%, 1% and1.5%) and salt (1%) were processed at three different in-barrel moisture contents 40%, 44% and 48% (wet basis) for processing of precooked pasta. The optimum formulation containing 1% mono-glycerides and process conditions corresponding to 48% in-barrel moisture were also used to develop precooked teff and millet pasta. The non-traditional grain based pastas were investigated for cooking quality, thermal characteristics using differential scanning calorimeter, pasting properties using rapid visco analyzer and texture profile analysis. In general, increasing in-barrel moisture led to reduction in solid losses (ranging from 4.0-8.2% for all treatments), indicating improvement in cooking quality. On the other hand, increase in mono-glycerides concertation led to higher cooking losses, and also affected pasting and textural properties significantly. Sorghum-based precooked pasta was of best quality while millet pasta was poorest in cooking quality, visual and textural attributes. Cooking loss for control pre-cooked pasta produced in this experiment using semolina was 4.5%, and commercial semolina pasta was 3.2%. Residence time distribution in pilot-scale twin screw extruder, during high moisture process conditions used for pre-cooked pasta, was also investigated at three different in-barrel moistures (40%, 44% and 48%) and monoglycerides/ lipid (0.5, 1% and 1.5%) concentrations. Increase in in-barrel moisture significantly decreased mean residence time. For example, mean residence time was 4.47 min at 40% moisture, 3.89 min at 44% and 3.74 min at 48%. On the contrary, residence time significantly increased with lipid level. For example, mean residence time was 3.87 min at 0.5% concentration of mono-glycerides, 4.48 min at 1% and 4.70 min 1.5%. In the second experiment focusing on low moisture applications, pilot-scale twin screw extrusion was used to process decorticated white sorghum and high tannin sumac sorghum for expanded snacks. The addition of sumac bran decreased the specific mechanical energy input (366-578 kJ/kg) and expansion ratio (6.4-7.9), and resulted in higher piece density of extrudates. Use of sumac bran and sumac flour led to increase in resistant starch content, although it was less than 1% for all treatments. Therefore, extrusion with ingredients having high tannin content does not provide value, despite tannins being associated with resistant starch at least in raw materials.

Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-10T18:32:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE BENAIA BARROS.pdf: 1479546 bytes, checksum: b1cf54860c99b42f0d96d54fea307882 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T18:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE BENAIA BARROS.pdf: 1479546 bytes, checksum: b1cf54860c99b42f0d96d54fea307882 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-15 / FACEPE / O sorgo é o quinto cereal mais importante do mundo, cultivado para produção de grãos ou forragem ou como cultura energética. É uma gramínea que apresenta perspectivas quanto à capacidade de respostas positivas à interação com bactérias diazotróficas e/ou promotoras de crescimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a produtividade e a fixação biológica de N (FBN) em diferentes genótipos de sorgo de duplo propósito (grão e forragem, incluindo colmo seco e sacarino) que estão em testes de recomendação para cultivo em Pernambuco. Foram conduzidos experimentos em campo em estações experimentais do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), nos municípios de Itambé, Goiana, Caruaru e Serra Talhada, e no campus do Instituto Federal de Pernambuco (IFPE), em Belo Jardim. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 17 tratamentos (genótipos de sorgo) e três repetições. Parcelas extras foram cultivadas com o girassol para ser utilizado como espécie referência para estimativa da FBN pela técnica da abundância natural do 15N. Em Caruaru, a produtividade de matéria seca foi menor quando comparada aos demais locais de cultivo, devido à baixa disponibilidade de água para as plantas, e variaram menos entre os genótipos. Nos cultivos na Zona da Mata (Goiana e Itambé) foi possível observar uma ampla faixa de variação de potencial de produção de biomassa, principalmente em Goiana, onde o genótipo mais produtivo produziu 4,5 vezes mais biomassa que o genótipo menos produtivo. Os genótipos T02, T07 e T13 sempre ficaram no grupo dos mais produtivos em todos os experimentos. Evidências de FBN pelo sorgo foram observadas em Caruaru e Goiana, mas sem relação entre os sinais de 15N dos genótipos de sorgo e suas produções. A contribuição da FBN para os diferentes genótipos de sorgo variou entre 24 % e 78 % em Goiana. Em Caruaru, a contribuição máxima não chegou a 50 %. Não foi possível observar um comportamento consistente entre os genótipos com relação ao potencial de FBN. / Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal in the world and can be cultivated in order to produce grain or fodder and as an energy crop. It is a grass that has prospects regarding the ability of positive responses to interaction with diazotrophs bacterias. The objective of this study was to estimate productivity and biological Nitrogen fixation (BNF) in different genotypes of sorghum (grain and forage) recommended for cultivation in the state of Pernambuco. Field experiments were conducted at experimental stations of the Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), in Itambé, Goiana, Caruaru and Serra Talhada municipalities and in the campus of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (IFPE), in Belo Jardim municipality. The experiments were performed in a block design, with three replications and 17 treatments. Extra plots were planted with sunflowers to be used as reference species in order to estimate the BNF by the δ15N technique. In Caruaru the biomass productivity of sorghum was lower than in the other locals of cultivation due to the low water availability, and there was less variation among genotypes. In Goiana and Itambé a wide range of biomass production potential was observed. In Goiana, the most productive sorghum genotype, produced 4.5 times more biomass than the less productive. The genotypes T02, T07 and T13 were in the group of the most productive genotypes in all experiments. Evidences of atmospheric N2 by sorghum were only observed in Caruaru and Goiana, but there was no relationship between the 15N abundance of the sorghum genotypes and their respective biomass production. The contribution of BNF to the different genotypes ranged from 24% to 78% in Goiana. In Caruaru, the maximum contribution was less than 50%. There was no consistent behavior among genotypes in relation to the FBN potential.

Edimar Rodrigues Soares Orientador: Prof. Dr. Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo). / UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL / As curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes auxiliam na compreensão das demandas nutricionais de uma cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento acúmulo de macronutrientes pelas cultivares de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no município de Uchoa-SP, sendo implantado em janeiro de 2012. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 15 dias a partir do décimo dias após a emergência (DAE). O maior acúmulo de matéria seca, N, P, Mg e S, foi obtido pela cultivar CVSW82028, enquanto a ‘CVSW82158’ extraiu a maior quantidade de K e a ‘CVSW80147,’ de Ca. Os colmos representaram o maior percentual de matéria seca e nutrientes acumulados, com exceção do nitrogênio e do fósforo, em que os grãos corresponderam a maior porcentagem do total absorvido. As cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW82028 e CVSW82158 apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e a ‘CVSW80147’, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considerando apenas colmo, a ordem decrescente de exportação de nutrientes é a mesma para todas as cultivares: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. No entanto, a sequência decrescente de exportação de nutrientes considerando colmos e grãos, é para as cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW80147 e CVSW82158: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S e K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S para a ‘ CVSW82028’

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-06-14T12:32:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 410662 bytes, checksum: dfe503f055077dc2706b45dc1b01ef9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T12:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 410662 bytes, checksum: dfe503f055077dc2706b45dc1b01ef9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O Brasil um dos líderes em produção de etanol mundial, cada vez mais tem se preocupado com a produção de bioetanol, visando o abastecimento do mercado interno com o uso do biocombustível como alternativa energética do pais. Diante desta demanda por energia renovável cada vez mais aquecida o sorgo sacarino [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] apresenta-se como interessante matéria-prima para produção de bioetanol, tanto do ponto de vista agronômico quanto industrial. No Brasil ainda é limitado a disponibilidade de híbridos sacarinos disponíveis no mercado, assim a exploração da heterose pelo uso comercial de híbridos pode impulsionar a produção de sorgo sacarino no país, sendo um grande desafio dos programas de melhoramento o desenvolvimento de híbridos que superem a qualidade das linhagens. Assim o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de combinação de linhagens de sorgo sacarino em seu desempenho agroindustrial no estado de Minas Gerais visando à produção de bioetanol. O experimento foi conduzido em dois ambientes, na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo localizada na cidade Sete lagoas-MG, e na estação experimental do Gorutuba da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, localizada na cidade de Nova Porteirinha-MG. O material genético utilizado foi constituído de 20 linhagens fêmeas e 2 linhagens macho em um delineamento com esquema de cruzamentos topcrosses, totalizando em 40 híbridos topcrosses. As características avaliadas foram: florescimento (FLOR), altura de plantas (ALT), sólidos solúveis totais (SST), produção de massa verde (PMV) e toneladas de brix por hectare (TBH). Os resultados das análises de variância individuais e conjuntas para as características agroindustriais avaliadas em Sete Lagoas e Nova Porteirinha apresentaram efeito significativo para tratamento. Em análise dialélica, observou-se por meio do teste F, efeito significativo de capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) do grupo R e grupo A, para todas as características avaliadas tanto em Nova Porteirinha, quanto em Sete Lagoas, com exceção para TBH do grupo R e SST para o grupo A, em Nova Porteirinha e para SST do grupo R em Sete Lagoas. Em Nova Porteirinha, a capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) apresentou efeito significativo para florescimento, altura e PMV, enquanto que em Sete Lagoas a CEC apresentou-se significativa para todos os caracteres avaliados. Há predominância de efeitos aditivos no controle genético das variáveis em estudo. As linhagens L1, L18, L19 e L20 do grupo A se destacaram quanto as três principais variáveis para a produção de etanol, SST, PMV e TBH, demonstrando que estas linhagens apresentam alelos favoráveis para o aumento destas variáveis. Os cruzamentos entre estas linhagens apresentam-se com potencial para a extração de linhagens promissoras quanto à produção de etanol a partir da cultura do sorgo sacarino. / Brazil, one of the leaders in ethanol production worldwide, has increasingly been concerned with a bioethanol production, aiming at supplying the domestic market with the use of biofuel as an alternative energy source in the country. Faced with the demand for more and more heated renewable energy, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is presented as an interesting raw material for the production of bioethanol, both from the agronomic and industrial point of view. In Brazil, the availability of hybrids available without a market is limited, as is the exploitation through the use of heterosis for development of hybrids. Thus the present work had the objective of evaluating the ability of combining sorghum lineage in their agroindustrial performance in the state of Minas Gerais aiming the production of bioethanol. The experiment was carried out in two environments, at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo located in the city of Sete lagoas-MG, and at the experimental station of Gorutuba of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, located in the city of Nova Porteirinha-MG. The genetic material used consisted of 20 female lines and 2 male lines in a topcross crosses scheme, totaling 40 topcross hybrids. Flowering (FLOR), plant height (ALT), total soluble solids (TSS), green mass production (PMV) and tons of brix per hectare (TBH) were evaluated. The results of the analyzes of individual and joint variables for the agroindustrial characteristics evaluated in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha presented significant effect for treatment. In diallel analysis, we observed, through the F test, a significant effect of the general combining ability (CGC) of group R and group A, for all characteristics evaluated in Nova Porteirinha and Sete Lagoas, except for TBH group R and SST for group A, in Nova Porteirinha and for SST of group R in Sete Lagoas. In Nova Porteirinha, a specific combining capacity (CEC) showed a significant effect for flowering, height and PMV, while in Sete Lagoas it was a CEC that presented a significant effect for all characteristics. There are predominant additive effects on the genetic control of the variables under study. This lineage L1, L18, L19 and L20 group A stand out as three main variables for the production of ethanol, SST, PMV and TBH, demonstrating that these lineages presented favorable alleles for the increase of these variables. The crosses between these lineage presented potential for the extraction of promising lineage in the production of ethanol from the sorghum culture.