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Power politics and peace policies intra-state conflict resolution in southern Africa /Ohlson, Thomas. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-199).
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Power politics and peace policies intra-state conflict resolution in southern Africa /Ohlson, Thomas. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-199).
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An investigation into the political economy of industrial policy : the case of MozambiqueCastel-Branco, Carlos Nuno January 2002 (has links)
This thesis examines the recent experience of industrial policy in Mozambique in the context of developments in the economy as a whole and in the Southern African region, in order to draw attention to the fundamental pressures and issues that form part of the economic policy decision-making process. The thesis analyses the debate between opponents and proponents of industrial policy, and concludes that there is no abstract rationale for or against industrial policy that is independent of the specific socio-economic pressures and processes of change under consideration. Orthodox and heterodox arguments for and against industrial policy tend to analyse either agents or linkages in a simplistic way and to ignore the dynamic relationships between them. Thus, they fail to acknowledge that decisions regarding investment and industrial strategies reflect a three-way interaction between the state, capital and labour under specific socio-economic conditions and pressures; that the state and the relationships between the economic agents through or outside the state are influenced by similar conditions, processes and forces; and that the state operates through the market. Hence, the state and the market are not alternatives to each other. Outside the analysis of specific socio-economic conditions there is no way of determining how strategies, policies and interactions between agents and linkages will materialise in economic performance. The main original contribution of the thesis consists of the expansion and application of the linkages-agencies analytical framework to the study of the recent experience of industrial development in Mozambique. This is done within the context of dynamic pressures, conflict, policy reform and development that occur in the economy as a whole, and pressures and influences associated with the Southern African region, in particular with the re-structuring of South African capitalism. Consistent long-term time series and cross section data sets were constructed, out of fragmented and inconsistent data sets, to analyse the performance and role of the manufacturing sector within the Mozambican economy over the last four decades, and to study the patterns of investment in the Mozambican economy in the 1990s.
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Foreign direct investment flows to the SADC region in a globalising economic environment.20 June 2008 (has links)
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become the most important source of development finance. Foreign direct investment is said to be taking place when a foreign corporation buys at least a 10 percent shareholding in a domestic firm or undertakes a greenfield investment in a foreign country. Recognising that FDI can contribute to economic development, all governments want to attract it. The world market for FDI is highly competitive, and developing countries, in particular, seek such investments to accelerate their development efforts. Both developing and developed countries are competing for global FDI flows. The result is that FDI flows are concentrated in few developed countries. It becomes critical for economic development to developing countries to attract more FDI flows into their economies. FDI flows are basically the result of investment decisions taken by trans-national corporations in response to certain pull factors. Whether a TNC will undertake FDI in a foreign country or not depends on the existence of determinants that influence such a decision. The increase in global FDI flows is a result of firms decid ing to invest in foreign markets rather than to export to those markets. What makes FDI attractive is that, unlike portfolio investment, it is almost of permanent nature. FDI is also more desirable than loans and official development assistance (ODA) in that it does not create debt. For this and other reasons, countries are seeking to attract FDI flows. Various economic development theories have been advanced to explain the reasons firms undertake FDI rather than export to those foreign markets. These theories include theories that focus on internal organisation or the intending firm. These theories assume the imperfect market condition. Foreign firms will undertake FDI if they have superior oligopolistic advantages over the local firms. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) like other regions and countries is seeking to attract foreign direct investment. The present analysis of the performance of this region show that its share of global FDI flows is very small. The region is facing big challenges as a result of weaknesses in its individual member countries. South Africa is the best performing member in terms of attracting FDI flows and undertaking FDI in other regional countries. FDI inflows into the SADC region are predominantly goin g into resources. This evident when case of Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo is analysed. It can be said that the FDI inflow into the region is predominantly resourceseeking. It can, however, also be said that some FDI is driven by the market-seeking motive. This is evident in the case of FDI in the food and beverages sector. It is important that the countries in the SADC region work hard to address those determinants that are critical to attracting more FDI. It is evident that some countries can improve their international image if they can address negative factors such as conflicts, crime and government apathy to disregard of the rule of law. Policies and strategies that are aimed at improving the image of the region need to be coordinated among member countries, if the region is to increase its share of global FDI. / Prof. A.E. Loots
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Spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone over Southern AfricaBundi, Peter Miriti 16 November 2006 (has links)
Student Number: 0201936W -
MSc research report -
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Sciences -
Faculty of Science / Tropospheric ozone over southern Africa is characterised using the Southern Africa
Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI) 2000 aircraft datasets collected from surface to
just above the boundary layer, and satellite remotely sensed ozone column depth.
Ozonesonde datasets for Irene, South Africa; Lusaka, Zambia; Nairobi and Malindi,
both Kenyan stations were, used to supplement the aircraft and satellite data. The period
studied is the dry biomass burning season between August and September, 2000
Source areas of ozone precursors have been identified by trajectory analysis. Fivepoint,
back trajectory clusters in the region reveal well-defined air mass transport
corridors. Enhanced ozone concentrations, above 70 ppb, were regularly encountered in
the lower troposphere (3.5 km above ground level) in air masses distributed over the
sub-region by distinct re-circulation pathways, which prevailed during the study period.
Occasional, episodes of significant higher ozone pollution, above 100 ppbv are
identified.
Savannah fire products transported from seasonal biomass burning regions of
western Zambia, northern Zimbabwe and Mozambique have been found to be the major
sources of ozone pollution over the sub-region. Another source, though on a lesser
scale, is the Highveld industrial region of South Africa.
In situ air observations established that the western and eastern sectors of the
southern Africa, north of 23°S latitude, were the major sources of regional ozone
precursor gases. The regions southwards of 23°S were observed to have lower ozone
pollution.
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Coercive diplomacy : the Nkomati accord between Mozambique and South AfricaAl-Khaledi, Murdhi Awad Nassar January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
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Colonialism, liberation, and structural-adjustment in the world-economy Mozambique, South Africa, Great Britain and Portugal and the formation of southern Africa (before and under European hegemony) /Mota Lopes, Jose Augusto Migueis da. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Sociology Department, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Farming societies in Botswana : an archaeological study of land use and settlement in the Mokgware hills, c.10th-15th centuries ADSegobye, Alinah Kelo January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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An inquiry into the structure and function of space in indigenous settlement in OvambolandMills, Glen Trevor 09 April 2020 (has links)
The problem of informing appropriate architectural practice in southern Africa is addressed by proposing to divert analytical attention away from the level of appearances when researching the form of indigenous settlement patterns and architecture. By way of example, an empirical study of the homestead as a unit of settlement pattern in Ovamboland is undertaken by exploring the ways in which the designer/builders themselves perceive and value space with a view to identifying and describing the organizational structure of the homestead. The initial assumption is that this form of settlement, examined as a set of spatial relations, encodes within its organizational structure the formula (or diagram) for its reproduction. The hypothesis is that a relevant understanding of indigenous settlement and architecture can only be grasped if inquiry extends beyond the formal aspects of style and technology to include an analysis of its spatial characteristic; this being the external projection of the socio-economic pattern (or ideology) of the people that produce it. And, such analysis being useful in identifying the formula which, when it interacts with its context, reproduces the observed settlement form. In view of this, a method of study is proposed which attempts to describe and examine settlement space from 'within' by exploring all the physical and non-physical determinants of form. This is done by isolating each determinant as a specification of settlement from and thereby arranging it into a scheme based on the scale of space with which it deals. The conclusions are, firstly, that because the homesteads display similar features of layout and accommodation there must exist a common, agreed-upon diagram which ensures its constant reproduction. Secondly, the evidence for the diagram must lie within the way the designer/builders perceive homestead space. Thirdly, this perception has its roots in historically inherited and functionally derived values and uses of space. Finally, a preliminary diagram is proposed which, it is argued, needs to be verified by undertaking further investigations of a similar nature in other areas of southern Africa where indigenous people occupy space.
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The influence of transformational and transactional leadership on interpersonal trust through perceptions of fairnessKrafft, Pascale 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Southern African organisations have to survive In an increasingly competitive and
globalised market. Southern African organisations are characterised through low
productivity levels, low levels of trust between employers and employees, low levels of
organisational commitment and effectiveness. Solutions must be found in order to
overcome these problems and to prevent them in the future. This study might offer such a
solution.
The primary goal of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between
transformational and transactional leadership and interpersonal trust, and whether this
relationship is influenced through organisational justice (in terms of procedural,
interactional and distributive justice). The basis of this study was to establish whether
procedural justice had a mediating effect on the relationship between transformational
leadership and trust, and whether distributive justice had a mediating effect on the
relationship between transactional leadership and trust. Another goal of this study was to
establish whether there was a direct relationship between transformational leadership and
trust. This study was based on a model of Pillai, Schriesheim and Williams (1999) who
tested these relationships in the USA. Their results gave rise to replicating this study in
Southern Africa. A literature study of transformational and transactional leadership, organisational justice
(in terms of procedural, interactional, and distributive justice) and trust was conducted. The
relationship between these constructs has also been analysed in the literature study.
A questionnaire consisting of four sections was compiled in accordance with the literature
study. These questionnaires were distributed to a Namibian bank. Twelve branches took
part in this research. The sample comprised 281 persons, each of whom had to complete
the questionnaire. Section A of the questionnaire was designed to give an indication of the
demographic variables of the participants. Section B measured transformational and
transactional leadership. This section was based on Bass and Avolio's multifactor
leadership questionnaire (MLQ). Section C was compiled in accordance with Moorman's
study of organisational justice. This section measured procedural, interactional and
distributive justice. The last section, Section D, measured trust and was based on Bews's
questionnaire of trust.
The statistical analysis was conducted in two phases. In phase one, the confirmatory factor
analysis on the original theoretical model did not produce adequate goodness-of-fit
statistics. The structural model did not converge on LISREL in the first phase.
Subsequently, alternative solutions had to be found and a second phase of statistical
analysis was undertaken. In this phase, the various leadership dimensions were separated
to test their individual effects in the model. Initially, principal component analyses using
Varimax rotation and item analyses were performed on the data set using SPSS. Some
items had to be removed as a result of the dimensionality and item analyses. Thereafter
confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the reduced data set, using LISREL. The
results indicated satisfactory factor loadings on the measurement models. Good fit was also
revealed for the measurement models. Consequently, the structural model was tested on
LISREL. The results provided reasonable goodness-of-fit statistics, but some hypotheses
failed to be corroborated in this study. New insights have also been gained through the
results.
Conclusions were drawn from the results obtained and recommendations are made for
future research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suider-Afrikaanse ondernemings moet in 'n toenemend kompeterende en internasionale
besigheidswêreld probeer oorleef. Suider-Afrikaanse ondernemings word egter gekenmerk
deur lae produktiwiteitsvlakke, 'n groot mate van wantroue tussen werknemers en
werkgewers, lae vlakke van organisatoriese betrokkenheid en effektiwiteit. Oplossings
moet gevind word om hierdie probleme te oorkom en in die toekoms te voorkom. Hierdie
studie lewer moontlik 'n oplossing.
Die primêre doel van hierdie studie IS om te bepaal of daar 'n verwantskap tussen
transformasionele en transaksionele leierskap en vertroue bestaan, en of hierdie
verwantskap deur persepsies van billikheid beïnvloed word. Die grondslag van dié studie
was om vas te stelof prosessuele (procedural) billikheid 'n bemiddelende invloed op die
verband tussen transformasionele leierskap en vertroue uitoefen, en of distributiewe
billikheid 'n bemiddelende invloed uitoefen op die verhouding tussen transaksionele
leierskap en vertroue. Verder is daar ook gekyk of daar 'n direkte verband tussen
transformasionele leierskap en vertroue bestaan. Hierdie studie is gegrond op Pillai,
Schriesheim en Williams (1999) se model, wat die verband tussen hierdie konstrukte in die
VSA getoets het. Hulle resultate het aanleiding tot die herhaling van hierdie studie in
Suider-Afrika gegee. 'n Literatuurstudie oor transformasionele en transaksionele leierskap, organisatoriese
billikheid (in terme van prosessuele, interaktiewe en distributiewe billikheid) en vertroue is
uitgevoer. Die verband tussen hierdie konstrukte is ook in die literatuurstudie ontleed.
'n Vraelys is na aanleiding van die literatuurstudie opgestel en in 'n Namibiese Bank
versprei. Twaalf banktakke het aan hierdie studie deelgeneem. Die steekproef het uit 281
persone bestaan wat elkeen 'n vraelys moes voltooi. Afdeling A van die vraelys was
ontwerp om 'n aanduiding van die demografiese veranderlikes van die deelnemers te
verkry. Afdeling B het transformasionele en transaksionele leierskap gemeet en was op
Bass en Avolio se leierskapsvraelys gebaseer. Afdeling C is opgestel na aanleiding van
Moorman se studie oor billikheid in orgarnsasies. Hierdie deel het prosessuele,
interaktiewe en distributiewe billikheid gemeet. Die laaste afdeling, afdeling D, het
interpersoonlike vertroue gemeet en is gebaseer op Bews se vertrouevraelys.
Die statistiese analise is in twee fases uitgevoer. In die eerste fase is die oorspronklike
teoretiese modelop LISREL getoets. Die bevestigende faktoranalises van die latente
veranderlikes het nie goeie passingstatistieke getoon nie. Die strukturele model het ook nie
gekonvergeer nie. As gevolg hiervan moes alternatiewe oplossings gevind word en 'n
tweede fase van statistiese anal ise is toegepas. Die leierskapsoriëntasies is opgedeel In
hulle onderskeie dimensies. Daaropvolgend is eers dimensieanalise met die hulp van
hootkomponentontleding en itemontleding gedoen. Verskeie items moes op grond van
hierdie analises verwyder word. Op die verkorte datastel is daar weer 'n bevestigende
faktoranalises met behulp van LISREL gedoen. Die passingstatistieke het hier aanvaarbare
resultate opgelewer. Vervolgens is die nuwe strukturele model met behulp van LISREL
getoets. Die resultate het redelike passingstatistieke gelewer, maar daar kon nie steun vir
alle hipoteses gevind word nie. Nuwe insigte is deur die resultate verwerf.
Op grond van die resultate is daar tot bepaalde gevolgtrekkings gekom en daar word
aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing gemaak.
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