This thesis undertakes a comprehensive examination of the effects of a variety of social, phonological and morphosyntactic factors on the process of s-weakening in the Spanish of San Miguel, El Salvador. The corpus used in this study consists of sixteen speakers native to San Miguel, evenly distributed according to age, sex and socioeconomic status. It was found that s-weakening appears to be in stable variation and that it is primarily governed by phonological factors: the quality of the segment following the /s/, the position of the /s/ in the syllable and word, and whether the /s/ is in a stressed or an unstressed syllable. Regarding the quality of the following segments, it was found that coronal stops caused /s/ to resist weakening. Consequently, it is argued that /st/ and /sd/ sequences are partial geminates in this dialect of Spanish, i.e. they share a place node. An account of the phonological factors conditioning s-weakening is provided within the framework of Optimality Theory, utilising the notion of crucially unranked constraints.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-22T12:19:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria da Piedade Soares Cóstola.pdf: 1875091 bytes, checksum: e059a8825a066278c565a8eab0097bd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:19:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria da Piedade Soares Cóstola.pdf: 1875091 bytes, checksum: e059a8825a066278c565a8eab0097bd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Rhotics are a sound class, which presents extensive allophonic variation in coda position. Knowledge on the use of rhotic variants is of interest to the teaching of Spanish to Brazilian students, as grapheme-phoneme correspondence in Spanish differs from that in Portuguese. Two rhotic phonemes are present in the Spanish language, tap / ɾ / and trill /r/, and taps, trills, fricatives, fricative vibrants and approximants can occur as allophones in coda position. Rhotics in coda position can also be omitted. In this work, based on the Acoustic Theory of Speech Production, supported by the auditory evaluation of rhotics categories and the inspection of wide band spectograms, which allows us to inferer the position of the articulators, we were able to detail the phonic features of rhotic sounds. The corpus consisted of the lyrics to the song "Pedro Navaja", written by Rubén Blades, read by seven female native Spanish speakers, who were tasked with reading the text three different times. The seven speakers represented six varieties of Spanish: Colombian (S1), Cuban (S2), Peruvian (S3, S7), Spanish (S4), Argentine (S5), and Mexican (S6). The analysis of rhotics production in coda position showed a greater number of tap realizations in all contexts examined and by all speakers. The production of the expressive words revólver, mujer, sorpresas was not homogeneous among the subjects. The data obtained from the sociolinguistic survey matches the findings from the speech production analysis. Beyond adding to the growing knowledge on the use of rhotics in Spanish, this work can also contribute to the teaching of Spanish language to Brazilians, and inspire the creation of teaching and learning materials that deal with pronunciation in a qualified manner / Os róticos constituem uma classe de sons que apresenta extensa alofonia em coda silábica. O conhecimento sobre o uso de variantes róticas é de interesse para o ensino de espanhol para brasileiros, pois as línguas espanhola e portuguesa diferem quanto à correspondência grafema-fonema. A língua espanhola apresenta dois fonemas róticos tap / ɾ / e trill /r/ e como alofones em coda silábica podem ocorrer taps, trills, fricativas, vibrantes fricativas e aproximantes. Em coda silábica também pode ocorrer a omissão do rótico. Como fundamentos teóricos desta dissertação recorremos à Teoria Acústica de Produção da Fala. Com base nessa teoria, com apoio na avaliação de oitiva das categorias de róticos e a partir da inspeção dos espectrogramas de banda larga que permitem inferir as posições dos articuladores, pudemos detalhar as características fônicas dos sons róticos. Para corpus de pesquisa foi escolhido como texto a letra da canção intitulada Pedro Navaja de autoria de Rubén Blades. Numa tarefa de leitura o texto foi lido três vezes por sete falantes femininos, nativos do espanhol, variedades S1 (colombiana), S2 (cubana), S3 E S7 (peruanas), S4 (espanhola), S5 (argentina) e S6 (mexicana). A análise das produções de róticos em coda silábica nas palavras revelou maior produção de tap em todos os contextos analisados e por todos os sujeitos. Em relação as palavras expressivas revólver, mujer, sorpresas não houve homogeneidade entre as produções dos sujeitos. Os dados obtidos no questionário sociolinguístico coincidem com as análises das produções de fala realizadas. A pesquisa, além de contribuir para a construção de conhecimento sobre o uso dos róticos em língua espanhola, poderá ter desdobramentos para o ensino de espanhol para brasileiros e pode inspirar a elaboração de materiais didáticos que introduzam, de maneira qualificada, questões de pronúncia