Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, December 2002. Bibliography : leaves 271-298.

Dissertation (DLitt)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-154). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Zugl.: Mannheim, University, Diss., 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 192 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-192). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Edinburgh, 2000.

The author's Habilitationsschrift (Universität Zürich, 1983). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 313-326) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-193).

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims at exploring speech acts. Actions via utterances are generally called speech acts. They are commonly given specific labels such as apology, compliment, - request, promise or warning etc. The usefulness of speech acts illustrates kinds of things we can do with words and identifying some of the conventional utterance forms we use to perform specific actions. This study examines speech act of complaints in a domestic context. According to Trosborg (1995) there are two different types of complaints. The direct complaint is when complainer diretly accuse the complainee of having committed the offence. The indirect complaint is when the complainer ask the hearer a question about the situation that she/he is in someway connected with the offence. This study illustrates how Xhosa people complain in a domestic context. Quationaires were distributed to the people of Kayamandi Township in Stellenbosch, Emgwali Location in Stutterheim and Kwalini Location in King William's Town. The focus was on Mothers and Fathers, Daughters and Sons, Brothers and Sisters. The family members complain to each other on different levels and according to their status. Trosborg (1995) has identified eight complaint strategies. The hint, annoyance, ill consequences, direct accusation, indirect accusation, modified blame, explicit condemnation of the accused's action and explicit condemnation of the accused as a person. The mother complains to the daughter more than when she is complaining to the son and the father. The father complains to the son more than when he complains to the daughter. The son and the daughter complain almost equaly to their parents. The daughter complains equaly as her sister. These members have some ways of responding to the complaints. Boxer (1991) has identified six types of responses to the indirect complaints. The question, the joke, contradiction, commisseration, lecture and advice. The father has used more strategies when responding to the mother. The mother has responded to the daughter more than when responding to the father and the son. the son and the daughter has responded almost equaly to their parents. The brother and the sister responded equaly to their parents. The examination of speech acts will help us understand how actions are carried out and interpreted wthin speech events and how more get communicated than is said. It has been established that speech acts of complaint in Xhosa playa crucial sociocultural role in our communities. This is being proved by the manner in which females and male have used the strategies in this data. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het as doelstelling die ondersoek van spraakhandelinge in Xhosa. Handelinge wat uitgevoer word via uitings word spraakhandelinge genoem. Hierdie spraakhandelinge word oor die algemeen bepaalde benaminge gegee, soos verskoning, komplimentering, versoek, belofte, waarskuwing, ens. Die gebruik van spraakhandelinge illustreer die soort dinge wat mense met woorde kan doen, en identifiseer sommige van die konvensionele uiting vorme wat mense gebruik om spesifieke spraakhandelinge uit te voer. Hierdie studie ondersoek die spraakhandeling van klagte in huishoudelike konteks. Volgens Trosborg (1995) is daar twee verskillende tipes klagtes. Die direkte klagte behels dat die klaer die klagte-hoorder direk beskuldig van 'n oortreding. Die indirekte klagte behels dat die klaer _'n vraag vra aan die klagte-hoorder oor die situasie waarmee laasgenoemde op 'n manier verbind is met die oortreding. Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe Xhosa-sprekende persone kla in huishoudelike konteks. Vraelyste is gegee aan inwoners van die Kayamandi wooongebied in Stellenbosch, Emgwali woongebied in Stutterheim en Kwalini woongebied in King William's Town. Die fokus was op vaders en moeders, dogters en seuns, en broers en susters. Die familielede kla teenoor mekaar op verskillende vlakke en dienooreenkomstig hulle status. Trosborg (1995) identifiseer agt klagte strategieë, naamlik die skimp, verviesing, slegte gevolge, direkte beskuldiging, indirekte beskuldiging, gewysigde blaam, eksplisiete veroordeling van die beskuldigde se aksies, en die eksplisiete beoordeling van die beskuldigde as persoon. Die moeder kla meer teenoor die dogter as wat sy kla teenoor die vader of die seun. Die vader kla meer teenoor die seun as teenoor die dogter. Die seun en dogter kla ongeveer in 'n gelyke mate teenoor hulle ouers. Die dogter kla eweveel as haar suster. Boxer (1991) identifiseer ses tipes response op indirekte klagtes, naamlik die vraag, die grap, die weerspreking, die lesing, en advies. Die vader het meer strategieë gebruik in response teenoor die moeder. Die moeder het meer response gehad teenoor die dogter as wat sy gehad het teenoor die vader en die seun. Die seun en dogter het ongeveer in 'n gelyke mate response teenoor hulle ouers gehad. Die broer en suster het ongeveer dieselfde mate van response teenoor mekaar gehad. Die ondersoek na spraakhandelinge lewer 'n bydrae daartoe om te verstaan hoe handelinge uitgevoer word en geïnterpreteer word binne spraakhandelinge, en hoe meer gekommunikeer word as wat gesê word. Daar is vasgestel dat spraakhandelinge van klagte in Xhosa 'n wesenlike sosio-kulturele rol speel in gemeenskappe. Hierdie feit word bevestig deur onder andere die wyse waarop mans en vroue die strategieë gebruik het in hierdie studie

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the requestive behaviour, including perceptions of politeness and directness, of Omani second language (L2) English students at Nizwa University in Oman as revealed by their written responses to real life scenarios. The study is an attempt to improve linguistic understanding of pragmatic differences, with reference to the similarities and differences between Omani L2 English students and L1 English speakers’ communicative proficiency, in order to contribute to improved language teaching curricula. The research design consisted of an initial series of two questionnaires which required that the participants rate given responses based on their perceptions of ‘politeness’ and ‘indirectness’; a third discourse completion test (DCT) that required participants to respond in writing in the form of a request to five real life scenarios; and a fourth questionnaire that required teachers to judge the written responses of the DCT according to five criteria. Additionally, the Omani-speaking teachers of L2 English were interviewed and asked questions relating to their responses from a sociopragmatic/ cultural perspective. The Omani teachers’ responses were then used to assist in the analysis of the written response data. The four instruments above thus used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results of the data analysis showed that (1) the query preparatory is considered by both groups to be the most polite request strategy and is used to mitigate imposition; (2) Omani L2 English students consider the words should and must to be most impolite in contrast with the L1 English speakers who consider the mood derivable to be the most impolite request strategy; (3) mild hints are considered far more polite by L1 English speakers than by Omani L2 English students; (4) politeness is influenced by differences in perceptions of social variables such as social distance, social power and degree of imposition; (5) direct strategies are not considered impolite and are used six times more frequently by Omani L2 English students than by L1 English speakers in low-imposition contextual situations; and (6) positive transfer and conventionalisation of the time intensifier has been produced and the strategy is used more than twice as much by the Omani L2 English students than by the L1 English speakers. In contrast, the L1 English speakers use the preparator 11 times more frequently than the Omani L2 English students who predominantly have no pragmalinguistic knowledge of this tactic. The study highlights the need for pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic training of students in the classroom and for pragmatics to be included in the material and curriculum design of English language learning programmes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op hoe versoeke, insluitend die persepsies van beleefdheid en direktheid, van tweede taal (T2) Omani studente aan die Universiteit van Nizwa in Oman geformuleer word soos geopenbaar deur hulle skriftelike reaksies op realistiese lewenscenarios tydens vraagstelling. Die studie is ‘n poging om taalkundige begrip van pragmatiese verskille te verbeter, met verwysing na die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen Omani T2 Engelssprekendes en L1 Engelssprekendes se kommunikatiewe vaardighede, ten einde by te dra tot die verbetering van taalonderrig leerplanne. Die navorsing het bestaan uit ‘n aanvanklike reeks van twee vraelyste wat vereis dat deelnemers antwoorde gee op grond van hulle persepsies van beleefdheid en indirektheid; ‘n derde diskoers voltooiings toets (DVT) wat vereis dat deelnemers skriftelik reageer op versoeke in vyf realistiese lewenscenarios; en ‘n vierde vraelys wat vereis dat onderwysers die skriftelike reaksies op die DVT in vyf areas beoordeel. Daarbenewens is die T2 Omani onderwysers ondervra met betrekking tot hulle antwoorde vanuit ‘n sosio-pragmatiese perspektief. Die Omani onderwysers se antwoorde is vervolgens gebruik om die ontleding van die skriftelike response te doen. Die bogenoemde vier instrumente gebruik dus beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes. Die resultate van die data-analise toon dat (1) die “query preparatory” deur beide groepe as die mees beleefde vraag-strategie beskou word en gebruik word om taakoplegging te versag; (2) T2 sprekers beskou die woorde moet en behoort meestal as onbeskof, in teenstelling met die T1 Engelssprekendes, wat die “mood derivable” as die mees onbeskofte vraag-strategie ervaar; (3) die “mild hint” word as baie meer beleefd deur L1 Engelssprekendes as deur T2-sprekers ervaar; (4) beleefdheid word beinvloed deur verskille in persepsies van sosiale faktore soos sosiale afstand en –druk, en die graad van oplegging; (5) direktheid word nie as onbeskof gesien nie, en kom ses keer meer voor by T2 sprekers in laer taalvaardigheid situasies; en (6) positiewe oordrag en vaslegging van tyd as ‘n drukkrag het voorgekom, en die taktiek word meer as twee keer soveel deur die T2 sprekers as deur die T1 Engelssprekendes gebruik. In teenstelling gebruik die T1 Engelssprekendes die “preparatory” 11 keer meer as die T2 sprekers, wat meestal geen pragma-linguistiese kennis van hierdie tegniek het nie. Die studie beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid van pragma-linguistiese en sosio-linguistiese opleiding in die klaskamer, en dat pragmatika in materiaal en kurrikulumontwerp vir Engelse taalleer programme ingesluit word.