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The thesis deals with the production of grapes musts, their quality and sensory profile. The theoretical part describes the chemical composition of grapes, production technology and methods of increasing the shelf life of musts. The practical part is divided into thee larger units. The first part deals with the two varieties used and their origin. It also deals with the technology of grape must production. The second part is devoted to the analysis of must, such as pH, spectrophotometric color measurement and content of ascorbic acid. The last part of the practical part is devoted to sensory analysis of grape musts. There was no difference in pH values that had different pasteurization temperatures. The highest content of ascorbic acid was measured in fresh must, followed by must, which was heated to 80 ℃. The lowest ascorbic acid content was measured in the must, which was heated to 65 ℃. The sensory analysis revealed a difference in colour assessment ant he presence of foreign particles the varieties.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Monika Moravcová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of thesis: Preparation of a Novel Method for Screening of Cobalt Chelators Cobalt as a structural part of the vitamin B12 is an essential microelement for living organisms including humans. However, its excess is associated with pathological conditions. Cobalt poisoning can be caused for example by exposure to cobalt metal dust during the production of hard metals or follow the corrosion of metal hip prosthesis. Patients intoxicated by cobalt can develop different manifestations including neurological impairment, hypothyroidism or cardiomyopathy. The aim of this work is to prepare a standardized, rapid, cheap but precise method for the screening of cobalt chelators. For this purpose, spectrophotometric detection using 1-nitroso-2-nafphhol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt as the indicator was used. Firstly, it was found that the addition of cobalt ions led to a clear bathochromic shift of the maximum absorbance of the indicator. The relationship between the absorbance and cobalt concentration was highly linear from 470 to 560 nm at all 4 tested pH conditions (4.5, 5.5, 6.8 and 7.5). The sensitivity of the method...

1. Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Miroslav Suchy Supervisor: Ing. Vladimir Kubicek, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Physico-Chemical properties of drugs To test physico-chemical properties of new molecules is necessary during drug development. It could be helpful to understand or predict the pharmacokinetic parametres of a new drug in vivo/in vitro experiments. One of this parameters is a dissociation constant (pK). Dissociation constant is defined as " Number on pH scale, wherein is just fifty percent of molecule in a ionization condition". In real case this number can help us to know where in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) the drug will be absorbed. In GIT only molecules exhibiting pK from 3 to 11 could be absorbed. Out of this range it is not possible. In this work I would like to introduce the ways of experimental measurement of pK values. I was working with two methods to measure the pK values of water-soluble compounds. The spectrophotometric method and the potentiometric one. I had to find out, that potentiometric titration is primary method which gets us good and accurate results. Based on my measurement I evaluated the spectrophotometric method as the secondary method. Spectrophotometric method...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Emily Zsáková Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interference of reducing agents with the hematoxylin assay for determination of cupric chelation Copper is an essential trace element of living organisms. Disorders of its homeostasis affect various pathological conditions. In excessive amounts, it is toxic due to its ability to form free radicals. Vitamin C, trolox (a water soluble form of vitamin E), glutathione and hydroxylamine possess reducing properties that protect our body from oxidative tissue damage. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was also tested for comparison. The object of study was to test the chelating ability of these substances. A simple and fast spectrophotometric method was used. The combination of reducing properties of copper and chelating agents could lead to an improvement in chelation therapy either in heavy metal poisoning, treatment of Wilson's disease, or other diseases. We found that all substances were chelators/copper-chelating agents in vitro in a slightly competitive environment, using hematoxylin as an indicator. However, by using the bathocuproine assays to verify chelating properties, none of the substances...

The theme od this dissertation is " Application of Spectrophotometric methods for inspection adulteration of food". In the theoretical part, there are stated chapters regarding adulteration of food (in general), adulteration of honey, quality requirements on honey, spectroscopy and its categories. The dissertaion is focused on spectrophotometric measurements of honey and sugar syrup samples where colour and consistence of honey was monitored. The techniques used for the analysis are NIR spectrophotometry and UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The results gained were statistically and graphically processed. It follows from the outcome that using FT-NIR for adulteration of honey detection is an appropriate method for honey inspection. The least effective method for proving adulteration of honey is the spectrophotometry specification of the colour of honey. Using this method, it is not possible to prove the links between colour of honey and colour of sugar syrup.

This thesis deals with the assessment of the strength of the bond line in beech molded plywood, taken from the company TON a.s. Holešov. There will also be measured selected physical and mechanical properties of plywood. The first part provides an overview of the most commonly used plywood materials and adhesives. The next chapter deals with technological process of production of molded plywood in TON a.s. Holešov. The second part contains a methodology for measuring moisture, density, strength of the bond line, determination of bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending and the formaldehyde content of the adhesive with subsequent statistical evaluation of measured properties. Compared are samples of plywood bonded with two types of adhesives.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Author: Pavla Tomanová Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Kubíček, CSc. Thesis title: Physico-Chemical properties of drugs This thesis deals with measuring dissociation constants (the pKa value) and the lipophilicity of nitrogenous heterocycle derivatives produced at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. Two methods were used to determine the pK value: potentiometric titration and spectrophotometry. Potentiometric titration almost invariably produced relatively exact results, however the results of pK value obtained by spectrophotometry were sometimes difficult to replicate. Dissociation constants were compared on the basis of the method applied, and also with the theoretically determined dissociation constant calculated by means of the ChemDraw Ultra 12.0 software. The results obtained by the two experimental methods turned out to be very similar, corresponding to the theoretical pK value. Lipophilicity is another essential property of drugs tested in the preclinical stage. It specifies the aqueous or lipophilic phase affinity of a drug, substantially affecting the drug's ADMET in organism. Lipophilicity was determined on the basis of capacity factor value identified by RP-HPLC measurement using...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Lukáš Konečný Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Preparation of a method for detection of the extent of chelation of calcium and magnesium ions Calcium and magnesium are biogenic elements belonging to the second group of the periodic table. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body. In addition to its important role in bone homeostasis, calcium is involved in other processes such as blood clotting, muscle contraction and regulation of nerve excitability Magnesium is the cofactor of many enzymatic reactions essential for a row of physiological functions. The aim of this work was to propose a novel screening method for determination of the degree of calcium and magnesium chelation. In the first step the UV-vis spectra of the selected indicator o-cresolphthalein complexone and its complexes with calcium and magnesium were measured. This was followed by verification of the linearity and the determination of the sensitivity of the method. Concurrently the stability of the indicator and its complexes with both ions was measured. In the last step, the suitability of the method was verified on a standard chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid...