Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 menezes_acp_dr_botfca.pdf: 701350 bytes, checksum: 6123fc27fa833d40b071d8d498164c0c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Cooperyama – Juazeiro- BA, com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência de reguladores vegetais na brotação e características dos cachos da uva ‘Itália’. Para avaliação da brotação das gemas foram efetuadas observações em dias alternados determinando-se o número de brotos. Os tratamentos considerados foram: T1: Testemunha; T2: 2,45 g L-1 de cianamida hidrogenada; T3: 0,045 mg L-1 de cinetina, 0,025mg L-1 de ácido giberélico e 0,025 mg L-1 de ácido indolilbutírico; T4: 0,09 mg L-1 de cinetina, 0,05 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico e 0,05 mg L-1 de ácido indolilbutírico; T5: 0,045 mg L-1 de cinetina, 0,025mg L-1 de ácido giberélico e 0,025 mg L-1 de ácido indolilbutírico + 10 kg de nitrogênio e 9 kg de Ca ha-1; T6: 0,09 mg L-1 de cinetina, 0,05mg L-1 de ácido giberélico e 0,05 mg L-1 de ácido indolilbutírico + 10 kg de nitrogênio e 9 kg de cálcio ha-1; T7: 0,1 mg L-1 de cinetina + 10 kg de nitrogênio e 9 kg de cálcio ha-1; T8: 0,2 mg L-1 de cinetina + 10 kg de nitrogênio e 9 kg de cálcio ha-1 e T9: 0,045 mg L-1 de cinetina, 0,025mg L-1 de ácido giberélico e 0,025 mg L-1 de ácido indolilbutírico + 2,45 g L-1 de cianamida hidrogenada + 10 kg de nitrogênio e 9 kg de cálcio ha-1. Para caracterização dos cachos foram avaliados a massa, comprimento e largura média dos cachos; massa, comprimento e diâmetro médio das bagas; massa seca dos engaços; número médio de bagas/cacho; número médio de cachos/planta; produtividade média/planta; sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e ratio. Os tratamentos considerados foram 2,5; 20 e 20 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico em pó; 0,019; 0,25; 0,038; 0,5; 0,076; 1,0 mL L-1 de ácido giberélico líquido; 0,01; 0,05, 0,075; 0,1, 0,5% de cinetina, ácido giberélico e ácido indolilbutírico, respectivamente e 1,5; 3,0; 6,0; 20,0; 40,0; 80,0 mL L-1 de... / The trial was carried out in the farm Cooperyama – Juazeiro-BA, with the objective to study the efficiency of plant growth regulators on sprouting and on the cluster characteristics of ‘Itália’ grapes. To evaluate the bud sprouting, observations were done on alternate days and the number of sprouts were registered. The treatments considered were: T1: Control; T2: 2,45 g L-1of the hydrogen cyanamide ; T3: 0,045 mg L-1of kinetin, 0,025 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid the 0,025 mg L-1of indolilbutiric acid; T4: 0,09 mg L-1 of kinetin, 0,05 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid the 0,05 mg L-1 of indolilbutiric acid; T5: 0,045 mg L-1 of kinetin, 0,025 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid the 0,025 mg L-1 of indolilbutiric acid 0,045 mg L-1 of kinetin, 0,025 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid the 0,025 mg L-1 of indolilbutiric acid + 10 kg the nitrogen e 9 kg the calcium ha-1; T6: 0,09 mg L-1 of kinetin, 0,05 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid the 0,05 mg L-1 of indolilbutiric acid + 10 kg the nitrogen e 9 kg the calcium ha-1; T7: 0,1 mg L-1 of kinetin + 10 kg the nitrogen e 9 kg the calcium ha-1; T8: 0,2 mg L-1 of kinetin + 10 kg the nitrogen e 9 kg the calcium ha-1 e T9: 0,045 mg L-1of kinetin, 0,025 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid the 0,025 mg L-1 of indolbutiric acid + 2,45 g L-1of the hydrogen cyanamide + 10 kg the nitrogen e 9 kg the calcium ha-1. For cluster characterization, weight, length and average width of clusters; weight, length and average diameter of berries; dry weight of rachis; average number of berries/cluster; average number of clusters/plant; average productivity/plant; soluble solids content; acidity and ratio were evaluated. The treatments considered were 2.5; 20 and 20 mg L -1 of gibberellic acid; 0.019; 0.25; 0.038; 0.5; 0.076; 1.0 mL L-1 of gibberellic acid liquid of 0.01; 0.05, 0.075; 0.1, 0.5 % of kinetin, gibberellic acid the indolilbutiric acid, respectivemant and 1.5; 3.0; 6.0; 20.0; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jucelia Oliveira.pdf: 5287098 bytes, checksum: 761b267f507846a26a34152156c61af0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Camapú (Physalis angulata L), belonging belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an annual herb of comospolite origin that stands out for presenting excellent agronomy and pharmaceuticals. As well as most of the medicine species camapú comes being collected through extrative processes and the harvested vegetal material is heterogeneous and low quality. The present study proposes to establish an efficient methodology of micropropagation in vitro and for commercial production of changes. Camapú segments nodal contend untill two axillary egg yolks and with 1 till 1,5 cm of length had been restrained from plants kept in vitro and inoculated in MS medium, with pH adjusted for 5,7 before the inclusion of 0,7% aga dissolved by heating. The plantlets adventitious sprouts of explants inoculated MS medium increased 3% of sucrose and supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0; 0,5; 1,5; 2,5;5,0 mg.L-1) and IAA (0; 0,5; 1,5; 3,0 mg L-1), had better presented development in MS medium exempt IAA and BAP. It was verified that the plantlets adventitious sprouts of explantes inoculated in MS medium modified in the inorganic nitrogen concentrations (0; ¼; ½; 1 e 2 MS) and sucrose (0; 7,5; 15; 30 e 45 g.L-1) had not presented significant differences in the concentrations ½ MS and 1MS. In the acclimatization phase in greehouse with intermittent nebulizacion and 50% of shady, the substrates contend the mixture from vermiculite + florest soil (1: 1 v/v) promoted a bigger index of survival and development of the plants. / O camapú (Physalis angulata L.), pertencente à família Solanaceae, é uma erva anual de origem cosmopolita que se destaca por apresentar excelente potencial agroindustrial e farmacológico. Assim como a maior parte das espécies medicinais o camapú vem sendo coletado por processos extrativos e o material vegetal colhido é heterogêneo e de baixa qualidade. O presente estudo objetivou estabelecer uma metodologia eficiente de micropropagação in vitro e conseqüentemente para produção de mudas comercial. Segmentos nodais de camapú, contendo até duas gemas axilares, com 1 a 1,5 cm de comprimento foram retirados das plantas mantidas in vitro e inoculadas em meio MS, acrescido de 3% de sacarose e 0,7% de ágar. Os brotos adventícios oriundos de explantes inoculados em meio MS acrescido de 3% de sacarose e com diferentes concentrações de BAP (0; 0,5; 1,5; 2,5 e 5,0 mg L-1) e IAA (0; 0,5; 1,5 e 3,0 mg L-1), apresentaram um melhor desenvolvimento no meio MS isento de BAP e AIA. Verificou-se ainda que os brotos adventícios oriundos de explantes inoculados em meio MS modificados nas concentrações de nitrogênio inorgânico total (0; ¼; ½; 1 e 2 mg L-1) e sacarose (0; 7,5; 15; 30 e 45 g.L-1)não apresentaram diferenças significativas nas concentrações ½ MS e 1MS. Na fase de aclimatização em casa de vegetação com nebuliazação intermitente e sombreamento de 50%, o substrato contendo a mistura de vermiculita + terriço de mata (1:1 v/v) promoveu um maior índice de sobrevivência e desenvolvimento das plantas.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-18T14:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maiara Aparecida Alves - 2017.pdf: 1581466 bytes, checksum: 8cc16e9a04966caa99c7405b18f97516 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-18T14:35:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maiara Aparecida Alves - 2017.pdf: 1581466 bytes, checksum: 8cc16e9a04966caa99c7405b18f97516 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T14:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maiara Aparecida Alves - 2017.pdf: 1581466 bytes, checksum: 8cc16e9a04966caa99c7405b18f97516 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / ABSTRACT 1: The low fertility of Brazilian soils, together with the use of biomass for energy purposes in plantations of short rotation, can lead to greater soil nutrient removal. Thus, knowledge of the nutritional dynamics of these stands can allow the adequate nutritional management and the maintenance of the sustainable forest production in these sites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the export of nutrients from the aerial biomass of eucalypts clones at 33 months of age submitted to two densified planted spacing. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, three clones (AEC1528, I144 and GG100) and two planting spacings (3,0 m x 0,5 m and 3,0 m x 1,0 m), with three replications. Five trees were sampled from each parcel, after, trees were felled and sectioned. In the field, samples were taken from the tree top (leaves, green and dry branches) and discs with bark. These samples were dried in an electric drying oven with circulation and forced air renewal and grounded. A composite sample of the aerial biomass of the tree was used to analyze the nutritional contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. In addition, the contents of nutrients and nutrient utilization efficiency. Was calculated Subsequently, the analysis of variance was performed, followed by the Tukey test at 5% probability of error. For the aerial biomass of the tree, the highest P content was found for clones AEC1528 and I144, the highest content and export of macronutrients were obtained for clones I144 and GG100. The smaller spacing led to greater amounts of removal of the nutrients from the site. The higher efficiency of P use occurred for clones I144 and GG100. ABSTRACT 2: Forest biomass has a great potential for use in energy generation and reduction of the use of fossil fuels, and studies are needed to demonstrate the productivity of different species/clones for energy purposes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aerial biomass quality of eucalyptus clones subjected to two densified planted spacing for energy purposes.The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, three clones (AEC1528, I144 and GG100), and two planting spacings (3,0 m x 0,5 m and 3,0 m x 1,0 m), with three replications. Five trees were sampled from each parcel, later trees were felled and sectioned. In the field, samples were taken from the tree top (leaves, green and dry branches) and (trunk discs with bark). These samples were dried in an electric drying oven with circulation and forced air renewal and grounded. The composite samples of the trunk and tree top were used for the energy analyzes of the aerial biomass of the tree. In the aerial biomass, the upper and power calorific value and the elemental chemical analysis were quantified. The values of C, H, N, O and S, ash content, and energy potential of aerial biomass were estimated. In addition, the basic wood density analysis was performed. Subsequently, the analysis of variance was performed using the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The similar performances between the clones and the spacings for the energy characteristics of the aerial biomass for upper and power calorific value and for the elemental chemical analysis, with upper and lower calorific value of 4700 Kcal kg -1 and 4352 Kcal kg -1 were observed. The most productive clones I144 and GG100 showed the lowest ash content and the highest wood density. ABSTRACT 3: The management of forest stands can be accomplished by the management of the sprouts by the simple coppice method. The understanding of the growth and production of this management regime is important for the maintenance of the forest productivity and for the evaluation of the possibility of using the simple coppice system instead of the reforestation. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and survival, as well as to adjust and select suitable hypsometric models to estimate the total height variable in stands of eucalypt clones submitted to the simple coppice regime. A completely randomized design experiment (DIC) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was installed, with three clones (AEC1528, I144 and GG100) and two planting spacings (3,0 m x 0,5 m and 3,0 m x 1,0 m). At 33 months of age, the cut was done in the area, and when the sproutings were about 1,0 m high, the strains were cleared. At 12 months of age the census was carried out in the area and the diameter was measured at 1.30 m in relation to the soil level and total height (HT). The data obtained were used to fit hypsometric models. The height,diameter and survival of the clones in the two planting spacings were also evaluated. The best model adjusted according to the statistical parameters used (adjusted R2, standard error of estimate, F value, coefficient of variation and dispersion of residues) was log (h = 1.30) = β0 + β1 * log [d / 1 / d)] + Ɛ for clones, spacings, treatments and all data analyzed together. Growth in height and diameter was not influenced by clones and planting spacings at 12 months of age, as well as survival. / A baixa fertilidade dos solos brasileiros, aliado ao uso da biomassa para fins energéticos em plantios de curta rotação, podem levar à maior remoção de nutrientes do solo. Assim, o conhecimento da dinâmica nutricional destes povoamentos pode permitir o manejo nutricional adequado e a manutenção da produção florestal sustentada nesses sítios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a exportação de nutrientes da biomassa aérea de clones de eucalipto aos 33 meses de idade submetidos a dois espaçamentos adensados de plantio. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, sendo três clones(AEC1528, I144 e GG100) e dois espaçamentos de plantio (3,0 m x 0,5 m e 3,0 m x 1,0 m), com três repetições. Foram amostradas cinco árvores de cada parcela, posteriormente as árvores foram derrubadas e seccionadas. Em campo, foram retiradas amostras da copa (folhas, galhos verdes e secos) e discos com casca. Estas amostras foram secas em estufa elétrica com circulação e renovação forçada de ar e moídas. Com as amostras moídas do tronco e da copa foi realizada uma amostra composta da biomassa aérea da árvore, a qual foi utilizada para as análises dos teores nutricionais de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Adicionalmente, foi calculado o conteúdo de nutrientes e a eficiência de utilização de nutrientes. Posteriormente, foi realizada a análise de variância, seguida do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Para a biomassa aérea da árvore, o maior teor de P foi encontrado para os clones AEC1528 e I144, o maior conteúdo e exportação de macronutrientes foram obtidos para os clones I144 e GG100. O espaçamento mais reduzido levou a maiores quantidades de remoção dos nutrientes do sítio. A maior eficiência de utilização de P ocorreu para os clones I144 e GG100. RESUMO 2: A biomassa florestal apresenta um grande potencial de uso para geração de energia e diminuição do uso dos combustíveis fósseis, sendo necessários estudos que demonstrem a produtividade das diferentes espécies/clones para fins energéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da biomassa aérea de clones de eucalipto submetidos a dois espaçamentos adensados de plantio para fins energéticos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, sendo três clones (AEC1528, I144 e GG100), e dois espaçamentos de plantio (3,0 m x 0,5 m e 3,0 m x 1,0 m), com três repetições. Foram amostradas cinco árvores de cada parcela. Em campo, foram retiradas amostras da copa (folhas, galhos verdes e secos) e discos com casca. Estas amostras foram secas em estufa elétrica com circulação e renovação forçada de ar e moídas. As amostras compostas do tronco e da copa foram utilizadas para as análises energéticas da biomassa aérea da árvore. Na biomassa aérea, foi quantificado o poder calorífico superior e inferior, a análise química elementar, sendo estimados os teores de C, H, N, O e S, o teor de cinzas e o potencial energético da biomassa aérea. Adicionalmente, foi realizada a análise da densidade básica da madeira. Posteriormente foi realizado à análise de variância com o uso do teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Foram observados desempenhos semelhantes entre os clones e os espaçamentos para as características energéticas da biomassa aérea para poder calorífico superior e inferior e para a análise química elementar, com poder calorífico superior e inferior de 4700 Kcal kg -1 e 4352 Kcal kg -1 . Os clones mais produtivos, I144 e GG100, apresentaram os menores teores de cinzas e maior densidade básica da madeira. RESUMO 3: O manejo de povoamentos florestais pode ser realizado pela condução das brotações pelo método de talhadia simples. O entendimento do crescimento e da produção deste regime de manejo é importante para a manutenção da produtividade florestal e para a avaliação da possibilidade de uso do sistema de talhadia simples ao invés da reforma do povoamento. Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o crescimento e a sobrevivência, além de ajustar e selecionar modelos hipsométricos adequados para estimar a variável altura total em povoamentos de clones de eucalipto submetidos ao regime de talhadia simples. Foi instalado um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, sendo três clones (AEC1528, I144 e GG100) e dois espaçamentos de plantio (3,0 m x 0,5 m e 3,0 m x 1,0 m). Aos 33 meses de idade, foi realizado o corte raso na área e quando as brotações estavam com cerca de 1,0 m de altura as cepas foram desbrotadas. Aos 12 meses de idade foi realizado o censo na área e mensurou-se o diâmetro a 1,30 m em relação ao nível do solo e a altura total (HT). Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para ajustar modelos hipsométricos. Também foi avaliada a altura, o diâmetro e a sobrevivência dos clones nos dois espaçamentos de plantio. O melhor modelo ajustado segundo os parâmetros estatísticos utilizados (R2 ajustado, erro padrão da estimativa, valor de F, coeficiente de variação e dispersão dos resíduos), foi log (h – 1,30) = β 0 + β 1 * log [ d / (1/d) ] + e para clones, espaçamentos, tratamentos e todos os dados analisados conjuntamente. O crescimento em altura e diâmetro não foi influenciado pelos clones e nem pelos espaçamentos de plantio aos 12 meses de idade, assim como a sobrevivência.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joseli.pdf: 2335213 bytes, checksum: fd60529af8ad17361a471315a6423234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / In search of healthy food with high nutritional value and easy preparation, it has been using more frequently bean sprouts in the diet. Considering that the germination process is simple and money-saving, and that during germination the nutritional contents are larger than the grain ones, the objective of this study was identifying bean varieties that could be used for the production of food sprouts. We also wanted to compare them on physical, physiological, microbiological, and nutritional aspects, as well as verify their acceptability as new alternatives in a diet. In seeds, it was determined the water content, germination, vigor and water absorption curve. In sprouts and seeds, we done microbiological analyses. As result on the sprouts, it was quantified acidity, protein, iron, calcium, tannin and weight loss to determine the shelf life; the acceptability was measured by sensory analysis. The experimental design used was completely randomized with four varieties and four replicates per variety, and for the soaking curve it was performed polynomial regression. The seeds of mung bean and cowpea presented better physiological quality than other varieties. The mung bean got higher productivity, with a production referring to six times its initial mass. The beans did not obtain higher productivity due to the low vigor presented by the seeds. The production of sprouts with carioca and cowpea varieties was not significant, thus it is necessary to study new methodologies. The seeds and sprouts showed good microbiological quality. Higher levels of protein and iron were observed in mung sprouts, while the calcium and tannin were higher in azuki bean sprouts. The sprouts of mung bean and azuki obtained similar results for the sensory analysis parameters and had good acceptability by the tasters. / Na busca de alimentos saudáveis, com alto valor nutritivo e de fácil preparo, vem se utilizando com maior frequência brotos de feijão na alimentação. Tendo em vista que o processo de germinação é simples, econômico e que durante a germinação os teores nutricionais são maiores do que no grão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar variedades de feijão que pudessem ser utilizadas para a produção de brotos alimentícios e compará-las quanto à qualidade física, fisiológica, microbiológica e sua composição química, bem como verificar a aceitabilidade destes, como novas alternativas para a dieta alimentar. Nas sementes foram realizadas determinações de teor de água, germinação, vigor e curva de absorção de água. Nos brotos e nas sementes foram realizadas análises microbiológicas. E nos brotos, foi quantificado o teor de acidez, proteína, ferro, cálcio, tanino e perda de massa para determinação do tempo de prateleira; a aceitabilidade foi medida por análise sensorial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado DIC com quatro variedades e quatro repetições por variedade, e para curva de embebição foi realizado regressão polinomial. As sementes do feijão mungo e do feijão caupi demonstraram ter melhor qualidade fisiológica do que as demais variedades. As sementes e os brotos apresentaram qualidade microbiológica, pois os valores ficaram em conformidade com a legislação. O feijão mungo obteve maior produtividade (695,32 g de broto), apresentando produção referente a seis vezes de sua massa inicial. O feijão azuki não obteve maior produtividade (114,12 g de broto) devido às sementes apresentarem baixo vigor. A produção de brotos com a variedade carioca e caupi não foi significativa, sendo necessário o estudo de novas metodologias. As sementes e os brotos apresentaram qualidade microbiológica. Maiores teores de proteína (21,17 g) e ferro (9,25 mg) foram observados nos brotos de mungo , enquanto que os teores de cálcio (360 mg) e tanino (34,58%) foram maiores nos brotos de feijão azuki. Os brotos de feijão mungo e azuki obtiveram resultados semelhantes para os parâmetros avaliados na análise sensorial, e mostraram ter boa aceitabilidade pelos provadores com índice de satisfação acima de 70%.

<div>Fresh produce has been the leading source of foodborne illness outbreaks in the US, surpassing typical pathogen carriers such as meat, dairy, and seafood. Among the fresh produce popular to the consumers, cantaloupe and sprouts are mostly susceptible to pathogen contaminations and outbreaks. However, it has been a challenge to address the key factor in the contamination - the biofilms formed by pathogens are highly resistant to conventional washing and cleaning procedures. For cantaloupe, the net-like and porous surface forms a barrier for washing. For sprouts, the fragile texture of seedlings prevents aggressive cleaning operation and biofilm removal.</div><div><br></div><div>In this study, innovative interventions were developed to improve microbial safety of fresh produce, using cantaloupe and alfalfa sprouts as models. For cantaloupe, abrasive brushing was designed to remove pathogen biofilm from cantaloupe. Our research found pathogens could form biofilm at cantaloupe rind surface as the residence time of pathogens increased. Biofilm formed on cantaloupe rind was imaged by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and its resistance to sodium hypochlorite and lauroyl arginate ethyl (LAE) was confirmed. Furthermore, abrasive brushing with peroxyacetic acid (PAA) could effectively remove biofilm formed at cantaloupe rind. The efficacy of this novel cleaning technique was highly desirable, which could achieve 3 log reduction in pathogen population. Mechanism of abrasive brushing to remove biofilm at cantaloupe rind surface was also proposed. Conceivably, brushing with diatomaceous earth (DE) and PAA could be an innovative and cost-effective method to remove pathogen biofilm from cantaloupe rind.</div><div><br></div><div>For alfalfa sprouts, since most of the outbreaks are linked to the sprouting seeds, seed disinfection treatments are considered to be the most effective method to improve microbial safety of sprouts. In this study, a newly developed alginate-based, antimicrobial seed coating treatment was evaluated for its efficacy to reduce foodborne pathogens from alfalfa seeds and sprouts. The calcium alginate coating in the presence of 2.5% lactic acid (CA-LA coating) reduced foodborne pathogens inoculated on alfalfa seeds to an undetectable level on day 1 during 28 day-seed storage, while chlorine (20,000 ppm) or lactic acid (2.5%) treatment took longer time to reach the same level. With sprouts, CA-LA coating resulted in > 2.5 log reduction for pathogen cells. In contrast, log reduction was < 0.6 for either chlorine (20,000 ppm) or lactic acid (2.5%) treatment. In general, this study indicated the effect of calcium alginate coating on reducing bacterial load of alfalfa seeds and sprouts, however, the germination rate of treated seeds was compromised due to the addition of lactic acid in the seed coating. Further study is needed to select antimicrobial compounds with minimum impact on germination rate of seeds.</div><div><br></div>

No description available.

This study occurred during July, August, and September in the Small Animals Investigation and Production Center (CIPAM), dependent of the Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock, and Veterinary Sciences of the Technical University of Oruro, of the Central Highland of Bolivia. In order to satisfy guinea pig nutrition requirements, which are 2800.00 kcal/kg of energy, 18.00% protein, 10.00% fiber, 1.00% calcium, and 0.60% phosphorus, the following ingredients were used in feed: 11.30% yellow corn, 30.00% milled wheat [Bromus catharticus], 14.00% soy cake, 32.00% wheat bran, 9.00% alfalfa flour, 1.80% bone flour, 1.00% conchilla, 0.50% common salt, and 0.40% methionine. The effect that vitamin C deficiency causes is scurvy, with 100% mortality of guinea pigs at 28 days without green forage. This investigation was made with supplementation of canahua, wheat, and soybean sprouts in the growth stage with the object of replacing green forage in winter by presenting vitamin C. Canihua sprouts at 8 days gave a maximum of 6.28mg of vitamin C /100g of sample, and wheat sprouts at 8 days gave a maximum of 16.09mg of vitamin C/100g of sample. Soybean sprouts at 13 days reached 21.41mg of vitamin C /100g of sample, which continued to increase, but one should be warned that maintaining sprouts of this species is expensive. Rations consisted of 90.00g of sprouts plus 72.00g of feed per guinea pig, with the oral administration of 12.98mg of vitamin C in water solution per guinea pig used in the area. The reason is the improvement in guinea pig meat production with high protein content (20.30%), compared to cattle (17.50%) and sheep (14.50%), and the lower cholesterol of guinea pig (7.80%) compared to cattle (21.80%) and sheep (37.80%), and at a lower cost, with organic sprouts of high nutritional value. The canahua-soybean sprout treatment with 45% dry matter, 5.73% ash, 7.03% ether extract, 25.50% protein, 6.85% raw fiber, and 51.58% free nitrogen extract at 64 days of winter growth showed a live weight gain of 437.73g in relation to pure feed of 66.05% dry matter, 7.33% ash, 2.83% ether abstract, 19.51% raw protein, 7.52% raw fiber, and 56.46% free nitrogen extract with 359.23g. The difference is 78.50g, which is significant at 0.05 with a t-test. The result indicates that the canahua-soybean interaction is the best for live weight gain at 64 days of growth with respect to normal feed, for which the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted. The live weight gain by sex in guinea pigs at 48 and 64 days of growth was highly significant, in females from 206.67g (4.3g/day) to 303.29g (4.74g/day) and in males from 262.27g (5.46g/day) to 392.27g (6.13g/day), with differences between males and females of 55.6 and 89g. These results show that male guinea pigs generally gain more weight than females during growth, which could be commercialized in the opportune moment. The food conversion between sexes fed with the different sprouts at 64 days of growth was 9.55 in females and 7.62 in males, a difference of 1.90. Also, the sex-soybean interaction in females with soybean was 10.31 and in males with soybean 6.79, a difference of 3.52, which is significant at 0.01. Similarly, the food conversion at 64 days of treatment by canahua sprouts and a feed with 41.34% dry matter, 5.69% ash, 3.47% ether extract, 20.58% raw protein, 8.04% raw fiber, and 56.25% free nitrogen extract is 7.90. In relation to just the feed it is 9.20, with a difference of 1.30. In a t-test this is significant at 0.05. These results show that male guinea pigs eat less food and grow more than females under the same conditions. The lowest production cost was obtained with canahua-feed interaction, in females Bs4.0/guinea pig (US$0.501) and in males Bs3.9/guinea pig (US$0.488). Canahua-soybean interaction yielded Bs5.50/guinea pig (US$0.689) for females and Bs5.50/guinea pig (US$0.689) for males. Normal feed yielded Bs4.20/guinea pig (US$0.526) for females and Bs5.40/guinea pig (US$0.676) for males. (US$1 = Bs7.98). Also, there was a percentage variation for the canahua-soybean-feed interaction in females of 5.00% lower than just feed and in males 27.80% lower than just feed. These results show that it is best to use canahua sprouts plus feed because this gives the lowest costs of feeding growing guinea pigs in winter.

Harvesting practices in the southern Appalachians have moved away from clearcutting in favor of variable retention harvesting systems. A study was initiated in 1995-8 to investigate the effects of retaining varying numbers of residual trees on regeneration in seven silvicultural treatments. A second study specifically focused on stump sprouting in only three of those treatments. The treatments for first study included: a clearcut, commercial harvest, leave-tree, shelterwood, group selection, midstory treatment, and an uncut control. The second only focused on the clearcut, leave-tree, and shelterwood. These treatments were implemented in seven stands in Virginia and West Virginia over two physiographic provinces, the Appalachian plateau and Ridge and Valley. The stands were even-aged oak dominated Appalachian hardwood stands on fair quality sites with average ages ranging from 63 to 100 yrs. Permanent plots were randomly located in each stand and all overstory trees (>5m tall) were inventoried and tagged prior to harvest. Regeneration was also quantified. Harvest occurred between 1995-8. For the current studies the plots were re-inventoried 9-11 years post-harvest and all regeneration in all treatments as well as stump sprouts in the selected treatments were quantified. The first study utilized a mixed model ANOVA to analyze five species groups: oak, maple, black cherry-yellow-poplar, miscellaneous, and midstory. Response variables included importance value, average height, and density compared within species group and among treatments. Differences between sprout and seedling origin regeneration were also investigated within species group among treatment. Results indicated that oak densities were similar in all of the treatments, and stump sprouts were larger and more frequent than seedlings. Maple exhibited an increase from pre-harvest overstory importance and exhibited competitive sprouting. The black cherry-yellow-poplar group had few but highly competitive sprouts and a considerable increase in seedling origin regeneration in all treatments. The miscellaneous species densities increased as well with more competitive sprouting in some treatments. The midstory species were excluded from the analysis as it was assumed these species would not occupy canopy positions in a mature stand. The second study investigated differences in the percent of stumps that sprouted and the number of sprouts per stump. The percent data were analyzed using a non-parametric one-way ANOVA and regression analysis, while the sprouts per stump data were compared in a mixed model ANOVA and regression. Species were combined into six groups: the red oak group, chestnut oak, red maple, white oak/hickory group, mixed mesic group, and midstory group. The plateau tended to have reduced sprouting compared to the Ridge and Valley for most species groups and treatments. The red oak group, chestnut oak, and red maple exhibited reduced sprouting with increased residual basal area. The mixed mesic group did not show any effect in sprouting related to residual basal area. Only chestnut oak showed fewer sprouts per stump as residual basal area increased. / Master of Science

A mudança do sistema de colheita da cana-de-açúcar com o uso de fogo para a colheita mecanizada, chamada de cana verde ou cana crua, é um processo irreversível, gradativo porém contínuo, previsto na legislação estadual paulista. Um dos pontos críticos no processo produtivo da cana-de-açúcar é a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas. A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) é uma das plantas daninhas mais prejudiciais à cultura da cana-de-açúcar entretanto, com a implementação da colheita mecanizada, o desenvolvimento desta planta poderá ser afetado. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar se a adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar poderia afetar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tiririca provenientes de tubérculos de tamanho pequeno (0,22 a 0,34 g) e grande (1,01 a 1,14 g), plantados em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, em Campinas, SP e disposto em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Tubérculos dormentes de tiririca de tamanho pequeno e grande foram plantados em maio, julho e setembro e adicionou-se sobre o solo palha de cana-de-açúcar RB 855156, nas quantidades correspondentes a 0,0, 5,0, 10,0 e 15,0 t/ha. Em cada época de instalação do experimento, a cada 28 dias até 84 dias, as plantas de tiririca foram avaliadas quanto à altura média, cortadas ao nível do solo. As estruturas subterrâneas e aéreas foram separadas nas diferentes estruturas e avaliou-se suas biomassas frescas e secas e a área foliar. De modo geral, o tamanho maior dos tubérculos favoreceu o desenvolvimento da parte subterrânea. O número de brotações emergidas não foi afetado pelo tamanho de tubérculos mas, a altura média, área foliar e as biomassas das folhas e da parte aérea foram maiores quando originadas de tubérculos de tamanho grande. A adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar ao solo afetou mais as plantas originadas de tubérculos pequenos que de grandes. A adição de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causou redução no desenvolvimento nas diferentes estruturas subterrâneas, seguindo para todas as variáveis uma equação do segundo grau. Aplicações de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causaram diminuição no número de brotações, área foliar e as biomassas frescas e secas das folhas e da parte aérea total. A formação e o desenvolvimento dos rizomas e de tubérculos + bulbos basais, assim como das biomassas fresca e seca de rizomas e fresca de tubérculos + bulbos basais foram maiores no plantio realizados em setembro e menores nos de julho. Verificou-se que, exceto para altura média, o plantio de setembro proporcionou plantas com maior número de brotações, área foliar e biomassas fresca e seca de folhas e da parte aérea total. Para altura média, os melhores resultados foram observados no plantio de maio. Para todas as variáveis analisadas, o plantio de julho apresentou sempre os menores valores. Quanto ao efeito de época de avaliação, verificou-se que para todas as variáveis analisadas foram observados aumentos lineares em função do tempo. / The change in harvest systems for sugar cane from use of fire to mechanical harvest, is an irreversible process, gradual although continuous, foreseen in the São Paulo State Legislation. One of the critical points in the productive process of sugar cane is the interference imposed by weeds. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most sugar cane crop-damaging weeds, nevertheless with implementation of mechanical harvest technology, which leaves a thick layer straw superior to 20 ton/ha, the development of this plant could be affected. This experiment aimed to verify if the addition of sugar cane straw could affect the development of purple nutsedge plants deriving from tubers of small (0,20-0,34g) and large (1,01-1,14g) sizes, planted at different times of the year. The experiment was carrIED out in glass house, in Campinas, São Paulo, in randomized blocks with four replicates. Tubers of small and large sizes of purple nutsedge were planted in May, July and September, and RB 855156 sugar cane straw was added, in quantities corresponding to 0, 5,0, 10,0 and 15,0 ton/ha. Every 28 days until 84 days after each planting period, the purple nutsedge plants were evaluated as to their average plant height, cut to soil level, and the aerial part was separated from the subterranean. The aerial and subterranean structures were separated, and evaluated as to their fresh and dry weights and foliar area. Generally, the larger sized tubers were more favorable to the development of subterranean parts. The number of emerged sprouts was not affected by tuber size; but plant height, foliar area and aerial part weights were larger when originated from large-sized tubers. The addition of sugar cane straw to the soil affected plants derivated from small tuber more than those originated from large one. The addition of growing quantities of straw caused reduction in the development of different kinds of subterranean structures, following for all variables one second-order equation. Application of growing quantities of straw caused a decrease in the sprouts number, area foliar and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. The formation and development of rhizomes and tubers + basal bulbs, similarly to the fresh and dry rhizome weights of tubers + basal bulbs were larger in September planting and the smallest in July. It was verified that, with exception of average plant height, the September planting generated a larger number of sprouts, foliar area and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. As for average plant height, the best results were observed at the May planting. For all analyzed variables, the July plantation always presented the smallest values. As to the time of evaluation, it was verified that all variables increased linearly in function of time.

A mudança do sistema de colheita da cana-de-açúcar com o uso de fogo para a colheita mecanizada, chamada de cana verde ou cana crua, é um processo irreversível, gradativo porém contínuo, previsto na legislação estadual paulista. Um dos pontos críticos no processo produtivo da cana-de-açúcar é a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas. A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) é uma das plantas daninhas mais prejudiciais à cultura da cana-de-açúcar entretanto, com a implementação da colheita mecanizada, o desenvolvimento desta planta poderá ser afetado. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar se a adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar poderia afetar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tiririca provenientes de tubérculos de tamanho pequeno (0,22 a 0,34 g) e grande (1,01 a 1,14 g), plantados em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, em Campinas, SP e disposto em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Tubérculos dormentes de tiririca de tamanho pequeno e grande foram plantados em maio, julho e setembro e adicionou-se sobre o solo palha de cana-de-açúcar RB 855156, nas quantidades correspondentes a 0,0, 5,0, 10,0 e 15,0 t/ha. Em cada época de instalação do experimento, a cada 28 dias até 84 dias, as plantas de tiririca foram avaliadas quanto à altura média, cortadas ao nível do solo. As estruturas subterrâneas e aéreas foram separadas nas diferentes estruturas e avaliou-se suas biomassas frescas e secas e a área foliar. De modo geral, o tamanho maior dos tubérculos favoreceu o desenvolvimento da parte subterrânea. O número de brotações emergidas não foi afetado pelo tamanho de tubérculos mas, a altura média, área foliar e as biomassas das folhas e da parte aérea foram maiores quando originadas de tubérculos de tamanho grande. A adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar ao solo afetou mais as plantas originadas de tubérculos pequenos que de grandes. A adição de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causou redução no desenvolvimento nas diferentes estruturas subterrâneas, seguindo para todas as variáveis uma equação do segundo grau. Aplicações de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causaram diminuição no número de brotações, área foliar e as biomassas frescas e secas das folhas e da parte aérea total. A formação e o desenvolvimento dos rizomas e de tubérculos + bulbos basais, assim como das biomassas fresca e seca de rizomas e fresca de tubérculos + bulbos basais foram maiores no plantio realizados em setembro e menores nos de julho. Verificou-se que, exceto para altura média, o plantio de setembro proporcionou plantas com maior número de brotações, área foliar e biomassas fresca e seca de folhas e da parte aérea total. Para altura média, os melhores resultados foram observados no plantio de maio. Para todas as variáveis analisadas, o plantio de julho apresentou sempre os menores valores. Quanto ao efeito de época de avaliação, verificou-se que para todas as variáveis analisadas foram observados aumentos lineares em função do tempo. / The change in harvest systems for sugar cane from use of fire to mechanical harvest, is an irreversible process, gradual although continuous, foreseen in the São Paulo State Legislation. One of the critical points in the productive process of sugar cane is the interference imposed by weeds. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most sugar cane crop-damaging weeds, nevertheless with implementation of mechanical harvest technology, which leaves a thick layer straw superior to 20 ton/ha, the development of this plant could be affected. This experiment aimed to verify if the addition of sugar cane straw could affect the development of purple nutsedge plants deriving from tubers of small (0,20-0,34g) and large (1,01-1,14g) sizes, planted at different times of the year. The experiment was carrIED out in glass house, in Campinas, São Paulo, in randomized blocks with four replicates. Tubers of small and large sizes of purple nutsedge were planted in May, July and September, and RB 855156 sugar cane straw was added, in quantities corresponding to 0, 5,0, 10,0 and 15,0 ton/ha. Every 28 days until 84 days after each planting period, the purple nutsedge plants were evaluated as to their average plant height, cut to soil level, and the aerial part was separated from the subterranean. The aerial and subterranean structures were separated, and evaluated as to their fresh and dry weights and foliar area. Generally, the larger sized tubers were more favorable to the development of subterranean parts. The number of emerged sprouts was not affected by tuber size; but plant height, foliar area and aerial part weights were larger when originated from large-sized tubers. The addition of sugar cane straw to the soil affected plants derivated from small tuber more than those originated from large one. The addition of growing quantities of straw caused reduction in the development of different kinds of subterranean structures, following for all variables one second-order equation. Application of growing quantities of straw caused a decrease in the sprouts number, area foliar and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. The formation and development of rhizomes and tubers + basal bulbs, similarly to the fresh and dry rhizome weights of tubers + basal bulbs were larger in September planting and the smallest in July. It was verified that, with exception of average plant height, the September planting generated a larger number of sprouts, foliar area and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. As for average plant height, the best results were observed at the May planting. For all analyzed variables, the July plantation always presented the smallest values. As to the time of evaluation, it was verified that all variables increased linearly in function of time.