This paper develops a unified framework for fixed and random effects estimation of higher-order spatial autoregressive panel data models with spatial autoregressive disturbances and heteroskedasticity of unknown form in the idiosyncratic error component. We derive the moment conditions and optimal weighting matrix without distributional assumptions for a generalized moments (GM) estimation procedure of the spatial autoregressive parameters of the disturbance process and define both a random effects and a fixed effects spatial generalized two-stage least squares estimator for the regression parameters of the model. We prove consistency of the proposed estimators and derive their joint asymptotic distribution, which is robust to heteroskedasticity of unknown form in the idiosyncratic error component. Finally, we derive a robust Hausman-test of the spatial random against the spatial fixed effects model. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

This thesis complements current studies by focusing on developed OECD countries as they are the major sources and recipients of world FDI and current studies relating to developed countries using aggregate country FDI data are limited. This study empirically tests the determinants of FDI inflows and outflows and their relationship with economic growth using 2SLS simultaneous equations model between 1981 and 2008 for a sample of 20 developed OECD countries. The empirical findings suggest that FDI inflows do not contribute to economic growth in the host country and economic growth positively affects FDI inflows. In addition, trade openness and flexible employment protection legislation in the host country attract FDI inflows. In terms of FDI outflows, the results show that FDI outflows reduce economic growth in the home country, while economic growth in the home country increases FDI outflows. Moreover, high past level of outward FDI stock, trade openness, low labour cost and currency depreciation in the home country provide incentives for domestic firms to invest abroad. Therefore, this study does not support offering special incentives to foreign investors to attract FDI inflows or offering promotional policies to domestic firms to encourage FDI outflows. Instead, government should provide incentives for domestic investment and other sound policies to increase economic growth, which in itself provides a good environment to attract FDI inflows and to encourage FDI outflows. Keywords: FDI inflows, FDI outflows, two stage least squares simultaneous equations, economic growth, labour market flexibility.

The world is slowly moving into increased human-robot interaction where both humans and robots can co-exist in the same domain. For the robot to be able to operate effectively in a man’s designed environment, it becomes necessary to model the robot with human capabilities as humans are seen as more capable. Replicating human becomes a huge challenge due to numerous degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) that human possess resulting into too many variables and nonlinear equations. Other challenges do occur like singularities.   In this thesis, the singularity challenge of a redundant humanoid arm is explored while maintaining a simple 7 DOF serial chain structure. As opposed to the 30 DOF human arm, a simpler 7 DOF humanoid arm is adopted and studied to eliminate the singularity challenges. The singularity problem mainly comes from the elbow and the spherical joints at the shoulder and wrist. A step-by-step review of available inverse kinematics techniques is made with more focus on the iterative Jacobian-based methods. A step-by-step approach is adopted so as to identify the source of singularities while using the iterative Jacobian-based techniques that are able to handle the nonlinearities of the equations.   The Singular Value Filtering (SVF) technique coupled with Selectively Damped Least Squares (SDLS) is employed. Without any restrictions to the stretch of the arm or end-effector pose, the method demonstrates, in conjunction with Euler angle singularity avoidance method, the elimination of singularity problems. This is achieved with no adjustment to kinematic model of the manipulator.

Ce travail traite de deux problèmes de grande importances en géodésie physique. Le premier porte sur la détermination du géoïde sur une zone terrestre donnée. Si la terre était une sphère homogène, la gravitation en un point, serait entièrement déterminée à partir de sa distance au centre de la terre, ou de manière équivalente, en fonction de son altitude. Comme la terre n'est ni sphérique ni homogène, il faut calculer en tout point la gravitation. A partir d'un ellipsoïde de référence, on cherche la correction à apporter à une première approximation du champ de gravitation afin d'obtenir un géoïde, c'est-à-dire une surface sur laquelle la gravitation est constante. En fait, la méthode utilisée est la méthode de collocation par moindres carrés qui sert à résoudre des grands problèmes aux moindres carrés généralisés. Le seconde partie de cette thèse concerne un problème inverse géodésique qui consiste à trouver une répartition de masses ponctuelles (caractérisées par leurs intensités et positions), de sorte que le potentiel généré par eux, se rapproche au maximum d'un potentiel donné. Sur la terre entière une fonction potentielle est généralement exprimée en termes d'harmoniques sphériques qui sont des fonctions de base à support global la sphère. L'identification du potentiel cherché se fait en résolvant un problème aux moindres carrés. Lorsque seulement une zone limitée de la Terre est étudiée, l'estimation des paramètres des points masses à l'aide des harmoniques sphériques est sujette à l'erreur, car ces fonctions de base ne sont plus orthogonales sur un domaine partiel de la sphère. Le problème de la détermination des points masses sur une zone limitée est traitée par la construction d'une base de Slepian qui est orthogonale sur le domaine limité spécifié de la sphère. Nous proposons un algorithme itératif pour la résolution numérique du problème local de détermination des masses ponctuelles et nous donnons quelques résultats sur la robustesse de ce processus de reconstruction. Nous étudions également la stabilité de ce problème relativement au bruit ajouté. Nous présentons quelques résultats numériques ainsi que leurs interprétations. / This work focuses on the study of two well-known problems in physical geodesy. The first problem concerns the determination of the geoid on a given area on the earth. If the Earth were a homogeneous sphere, the gravity at a point would be entirely determined from its distance to the center of the earth or in terms of its altitude. As the earth is neither spherical nor homogeneous, we must calculate gravity at any point. From a reference ellipsoid, we search to find the correction to a mathematical approximation of the gravitational field in order to obtain a geoid, i.e. A surface on which gravitational potential is constant. The method used is the method of least squares collocation which is the best for solving large generalized least squares problems. In the second problem, We are interested in a geodetic inverse problem that consists in finding a distribution of point masses (characterized by their intensities and positions), such that the potential generated by them best approximates a given potential field. On the whole Earth a potential function is usually expressed in terms of spherical harmonics which are basis functions with global support. The identification of the two potentials is done by solving a least-squares problem. When only a limited area of the Earth is studied, the estimation of the point-mass parameters by means of spherical harmonics is prone to error, since they are no longer orthogonal over a partial domain of the sphere. The point-mass determination problem on a limited region is treated by the construction of a Slepian basis that is orthogonal over the specified limited domain of the sphere. We propose an iterative algorithm for the numerical solution of the local point mass determination problem and give some results on the robustness of this reconstruction process. We also study the stability of this problem against added noise. Some numerical tests are presented and commented.

Em um experimento, é comum ocorrerem fatores não controláveis, responsáveis pela heterogeneidade entre as parcelas. Mesmo executando os três princípios básicos da experimentação no planejamento (repetição, casualização e controle local), ainda assim, pode haver correlação nos erros e, portanto, dependência espacial na área estudada. Se for detectada essa estrutura de auto-correlação e se essa informação for utilizada na análise estatística, estimativas mais eficientes dos contrastes entre as médias dos tratamentos são garantidas, mas se tal estrutura for desconsiderada pode impedir que diferenças reais sejam detectadas. Neste trabalho, foram observadas as coordenadas dos centros das parcelas de um delineamento em blocos ao acaso. A variável resposta, deste experimento, é a concentração de carbono orgânico no solo, sendo as avaliações feitas no início do experimento, ou seja, antes da aplicaçao dos tratamentos, portanto, um ensaio em branco, um ano após a aplicação dos tratamentos e, novamente, depois de mais um ano. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as análises clássica e espacial na comparação dos métodos de estimação de contrastes de médias de tratamentos. O método estudado para a análise clássica, em que considera que os erros são não correlacionados, foi o dos mínimos quadrados ordinários. Já para a análise, levando em consideração a dependência espacial, foram utilizados o modelo geoestatístico, em que consiste na adição de um efeito aleatório com correlação, e o modelo de Papadakis, que consiste na adição de uma covariável construída a partir de observações em parcelas vizinhas. No modelo geoestatístico foi verificada a presença da dependência espacial através dos critérios de informação de Akaike e de informação Bayesiano ou de Schwarz e os métodos testados foram o do variograma seguido de mínimos quadrados generalizados e o da máxima verossimilhança. Para o modelo de Papadakis, foi testada a significância da covariável referente duas médias dos resíduos entre as parcelas vizinhas e a própria parcela tanto no modelo em blocos ao acaso quanto no modelo inteiramente casualizado, e o teste não foi significativo em nenhum dos dois casos. Mesmo assim, os cálculos foram realizados para esse método, mostrando que para esse conjunto de dados, este método não é indicado. Fazendo uso de algumas medidas de comparação desses métodos, para os dados em questão, o método de estimação dos contrastes de médias de tratamentos que apresentou as medidas de comparação mais dispersas foi o do modelo de Papadakis e o menos disperso foi o da máxima verossimilhança. Ainda, pelos intervalos de confiança, observou-se que na análise espacial, outros contrastes diferiram de zero significativamente, além daqueles que foram observados na análise clássica, o que se conclui que quando é levada em consideração a autocorrelação dos erros, os contrastes são estimados com maior eficiência / Not controllable factors is common occur in experiments, they are responsible for the heterogeneity among parcels. Even executing the three experimentation basic principles in the design (repetition, randomization and local control), even so, may have correlation in errors and, therefore, spatial dependence in the area of study. If that autocorrelation structure is detected and if this information is used in statistical analysis, estimates more efficient of contrasts among treatments means are guaranteed, but if this structure is disregarded can prevent that real diferences are detected. In this work, the coordinates of parcels centers in a design of random blocks were observed. The concentration of soil organic carbon is the response variable of this experiment, with the available made at the beginning of the experiment, ie, before the treatments application, therefore, a blank, a year after the treatments application and, again, after a year. Then, the classical and spatial analysis were used to compare the methods of estimation of treatments means contrasts. The method studied for the classical analysis, which considers that the errors are not correlated, was the ordinary least squares. For the analysis, considering the spatial dependence, were used the geostatistical model, where consists in the addition of a random effect with correlation, and the Papadakis model, which consists in the addition of a covariate built from observations in neighbouring. In geostatistical model was verified the spatial dependence through the Akaike and Bayesian or Schwarz criteria of information and the methods tested were the variogram followed by generalized least squares and the maximum likelihood. For the Papadakis model, was tested the significance of covariate referring to the average of residuals among neighbouring parcels and own parcel in the random blocks model and in the completely randomized model, and the test was not significant in any of both cases. Still, the calculus were made for this method, showing that for this data set, this method is not indicated. Using some measures to compare these methods, for these data, the method of estimation of treatments means contrasts which presented the measures of comparison more dispersed was the Papadakis model and the less dispersed was the maximum likelihood. Still, in the confidence intervals, it was observed that in spatial analysis other contrasts di®ered from zero significantly, besides of those which were observed in classical analysis, which concludes that when the autocorrelation of errors is considering, the contrasts are estimated with greater e±ciency.

[pt] Visando determinar os teores dos componentes relevantes e as propriedades físicas de gasolinas comerciais e sintéticas foram tomados espectros Raman de 60 gasolinas comerciais e 52 misturas sintéticas simulando gasolinas. Os espectros foram tomados em um espectrômetro Nicolet FT Raman 950. Os espectros brutos obtidos foram tratados para evitar a influência da variabilidade de potência do laser excitante sobre as intensidades das linhas Raman. As variáveis independentes (intensidades Raman ) e as variáveis dependentes (propriedades das gasolinas comerciais e misturas sintéticas ) foram centradas em torno da média e submetidas à regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais, visando ajustar modelos que permitissem predizer quantitativamente os teores de etanol, hidrocarbonetos saturados, insaturados e aromáticos além dos valores das propriedades MON, RON, densidade e pontos de ebulição inicial, final, a 10%, 50% e 90% das amostras em estudo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a potencialidade da espectroscopia Raman, para o desenvolvimento de métodos confiáveis para a análise de diversas características das gasolinas estudadas. / [en] The aim of this work was to determine the contents of the more important components and physical properties of commercial gasolines and synthetic mixtures with known composition, prepared in the laboratory. The Raman spectra of 60 gasolines and 52 mixtures were acquired with a Nicolet 950 Fourier Transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectrometer. The raw spectra were treated to avoid the laser potency variability on Raman lines intensities. The independent variables (Raman intensities) and the dependent variables (gasolines and mixtures properties) were mean centered and models were fit by partial least square regression seeking to predict the contents of ethanol, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Also properties as MON, RON, density and boiling point values were determined by this procedure. The final results showed the potential of Raman spectroscopy for analysis of several properties of gasolines.

Cette thèse étudie les évolutions de pratiques et de savoirs au sein des services de la Ville de Paris, en entrant par un grand projet d’espaces publics parisien : « Réinventons nos places ». En s’appuyant plus particulièrement sur trois réaménagements de places publiques (Place des Fêtes, Place de la Nation et Place de la Bastille), elle a souhaité observer des situations de travail au sein de ce projet. Elle vise ainsi à analyser l’adaptation des professionnels à divers défis posés par la Mairie de Paris dans ce cadre (intégration du genre dans un projet d’espace public, objets numériques, nouvelles temporalités dans les processus de projet et de gestion des espaces...). L’étude de cette adaptation des services « en situation de travail » conduit à décrire, pour partie, des processus de productions de connaissances théoriques et/ou pratiques dans un contexte situé. In fine, la Mairie de Paris à travers des modifications apportées progressivement au travail, aux schémas d’acteurs et aux objectifs du projet, semble vouloir construire un «nouveau modèle» d’aménagement des espaces publics. Nous étudions une première étape de cette construction, au cours de laquelle les ingénieurs et les architectes de la Ville s’adaptent et participent à travers, notamment, la construction et la traduction de ces objets encore inconnus à un territoire spécifique et à un contexte qu’ils connaissent : les espaces publics à Paris. / The aim of this thesis is to observe the evolution of the specific knowledge and practices of the City of Paris’ technical services and this, through the example of an ambitious Parisian urban development project called “Réinventons nos places”. The study focuses on the professional activities performed in the development of three public squares (Place des Fêtes, Place de la Nation, and Place de la Bastille), with the purpose to see how the specialists adapted themselves to the various challenges offered by the City council (for instance, to take into account : the Gender in the development of a public space, digital objects, innovation in project management and in the way of managing space)... To examine this process “in a work situation” will lead us, for example, to describe the way these specialists will assimilate new knowledge and know-how in this particular context. Ultimately, the City Council, when progressively adapting the work and the work organization of the various actors, as well as the project goawls themselves, seems to be aiming at the creation of a “new model”, a new way of developing public spaces. We are going to examine the first step within this new way, in which engineers and architects have to reconsider their habits in order to meet new demands – they do this, notably, by making still unknown objects and by fitting them into both a specific area and a background they know well : Paris’ public spaces

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-05-09T13:06:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Gazzotti Mayboroda_.pdf: 3060633 bytes, checksum: 02d069028a11e54366a88f637d5e3e9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T13:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Gazzotti Mayboroda_.pdf: 3060633 bytes, checksum: 02d069028a11e54366a88f637d5e3e9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo versa sobre uma política pública instituída em algumas praças, a partir da década de 1920, denominada Jardins de Recreio. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais foram as condições para a implementação dos Jardins de Recreio, bem como a criação do Serviço de Recreação Pública, na cidade de Porto Alegre e as suas interfaces educativas no processo de constituição de um sujeito pautado por uma Educação na República. Nesse sentido, o foco de análise foi o de construir uma trajetória histórica dos Jardins de Recreio alinhavando com a vida do professor Frederico Guilherme Gaelzer. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, fundamentou-se na análise documental a partir de documentos escritos (diário, leis, decretos, documentos oficiais e demais documentos impressos e manuscritos), orais (depoimentos) e iconográficos (imagens, mapas e planta), os quais foram concebidos como “monumentos”, no sentido que trata Le Goff, analisando como um produto da sociedade que o fabricou segundo as relações de forças. Partindo do referencial da História Cultural, à luz de teóricos como Roger Chartier e Michel de Certeau, a análise está estruturada em duas dimensões. Primeiro, fundamentada pela interface da Teoria Configuracional, operacionalizada a partir da obra de Norbert Elias, o estudo é conduzido no sentido de analisar as redes de interdependência de Frederico Gaelzer e a sua relação com a criação dos Jardins de Recreio e o Serviço de Recreação Pública. Em segundo, analisa as condições de instauração e funcionamento dos Jardins de Recreio em sua função educadora e seus desdobramentos com a urbanidade. Assim, foi possível compreender, através da análise dos dados empíricos, que os Jardins de Recreio, instituídos nas praças e parques públicos da cidade, constituíram-se para além de espaços de sociabilidade e lazer dos portoalegrenses. Havia uma intenção pedagógica fomentada pelas modificações urbanas, pelo discurso higienista e civilizatório deflagrados pela modernidade. / This study deals with a public policy instituted in some squares, from the decade of 1920, denominated Gardens of Recreation. The objective of this study was to identify the conditions for the implementation of the Recreation Gardens, as well as the creation of the Public Recreation Service in the city of Porto Alegre and its educational interfaces in the process of constitution of a subject ruled by na Education in Republic. In this sense, the focus of analysis was to build a historical trajectory of the Recreation Gardens aligning with the life of Professor Frederico Guilherme Gaelzer. The qualitative research was based on documentary analysis based on written documents (diary, laws, decrees, official documents and other printed documents and manuscripts), oral (testimonials) and iconographic (images, maps and plant), which were conceived as "monuments", in the sense that Le Goff treats, analyzing as a product of society that made it according to the relations of forces. In the light of theorists like Roger Chartier and Michel de Certeau, the analysis is structured in two dimensions. First, based on the interface of the Configurational Theory, operationalized from the work of Norbert Elias, the study is conducted in order to analyze the networks of interdependence of Frederico Gaelzer and its relation with the creation of the Recreation Gardens and the Public Recreation Service. Second, it analyzes the conditions for the establishment and operation of the Playgrounds in their educational function and its developments with urbanity. Thus, it was possible to understand, through the analysis of the empirical data, that the Gardens of Recreation, established in the squares and public parks of the city, were constituted beyond spaces of sociability and leisure of the Porto Alegre inhabitants. There was a pedagogical intention fostered by the urban modifications, by the hygienist and civilizing discourse triggered by modernity.

Há muitos anos, os sistemas de comitê já tem se mostrado um método eficiente para aumentar a acurácia e estabilidade de algoritmos de aprendizado nas décadas recentes, embora sua construção tem uma questão para ser elucidada: diversidade. O desacordo entre os modelos que compõe o comitê pode ser gerado quando eles são contruídos sob diferentes circunstâncias, tais como conjunto de dados de treinamento, configuração dos parâmetros e a seleção dos algoritmos de aprendizado. O ensemble pode ser visto como uma estrutura com três níveis: espaço de entrada, a base de componentes e o bloco de combinação das respostas dos componentes. Neste trabalho é proposta uma abordagem multi-nível usando Algoritmos Genéticos para construir um ensemble de Máquinas de Vetor de Suporte por Mínimos Quadrados ou LS-SVM, realizando uma seleção de atributos no espaço de entrada, parametrização e a escolha de quais modelos irão compor o comitê no nível de componentes e a busca por um vetor de pesos que melhor represente a importância de cada classificador na resposta final do comitê. De forma a avaliar a performance da abordagem proposta, foram utilizados alguns benchmarks do repositório da UCI para comparar com outros algoritmos de classificação. Além disso, também foram comparados os resultados da abordagem proposta com métodos de aprendizagem profunda nas bases de dados MNIST e CIFAR e se mostraram bastante satisfatórios. / Many years ago, the ensemble systems have been shown to be an efficient method to increase the accuracy and stability of learning algorithms in recent decades, although its construction has a question to be elucidated: diversity. The disagreement among the models that compose the ensemble can be generated when they are built under different circumstances, such as training dataset, parameter setting and selection of learning algorithms. The ensemble may be viewed as a structure with three levels: input space, the base components and the combining block of the components responses. In this work is proposed a multi-level approach using genetic algorithms to build the ensemble of Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM), performing a feature selection in the input space, the parameterization and the choice of which models will compose the ensemble at the component level and finding a weight vector which best represents the importance of each classifier in the final response of the ensemble. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, some benchmarks from UCI Repository have been used to compare with other classification algorithms. Also, the results obtained by our approach were compared with some deep learning methods on the datasets MNIST and CIFAR and proved very satisfactory.

A Praça do Relógio da Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" da Universidade de São Paulo (SP) é um exemplo de espaço livre planejado para cumprir funções ambientais e sociais. Com porte de verdadeiro parque urbano, 176 mil m2, conta com vegetação nativa originária de seis ecossistemas paulistas, compondo diversos núcleos cortados por caminhos que possiblitam a circulação dos usuários entre diversos pontos do Campus, além de alamedas de palmeiras e árvores ornamentais. O presente estudo ocupou-se de levantar, diagnosticar e analisar a vegetação da Praça do Relógio após nove anos de implantação do projeto de reurbanização. Para tanto, foi adotado o método de inventário do tipo censo, ou seja, a análise quali-quantitativa de todos os indivíduos arbóreos, arbustivos e palmeiras com mais de 0,20 m de altura. existentes na Praça do Relógio. Foram encontrados 3081 indivíduos, dos quais puderam ser identificados 3028, sendo pertencentes a 121 espécies, 93 gêneros e 52 famílias botânicas. Do total de indivíduos, 2316 são árvores (75,17%), 206 são arbustos (6,69%), 542 são palmeiras (17,59%) e apenas 17 são forrações (0,55%). Das 121 espécies identificadas, 21 (17,35%) são exóticas, o que demonstra uma grande preocupação com a utilização da flora nativa. Considerando-se toda a área, o estado geral da vegetação da praça pode ser considerado bom, pois 91,46% dos indivíduos foram considerados em bom estado, enquanto 1,36% foram considerados em ótimo estado, 3,33% em estado regular, 2,18% em péssimo estado e 1,42% encontravam-se mortos. Quanto à conformação estrutural da vegetação, 3,17% apresentavam desequilíbrio de caule e ou copa. Segundo observação 3,20% da vegetação apresentou algum problema fitossanitário, como a presença de pragas ou doenças. Apresentaram lesões no caule, 1,42% da população vegetal. Quanto às interações ecológicas, em 0,20% foram encontrados insetos úteis, em 0,07% foram encontrados ninhos de pássaros, 13,65% apresentaram líquens no caule, 0,26% apresentaram epífitas e 2,93% apresentaram fitoparasitas. Do total de indivíduos, apenas 9,07% encontrava-se em área pavimentada, porém mesmo estes apresentavam bom espaço para seu desenvolvimento. Espera-se que as informações geradas possam incentivar o uso da praça como área para estudo de ciências biológicas e educação ambiental, além de fornecer subsídios para sua manutenção, ressaltando a importância de espaços como este na qualidade do ambiente da cidade e na vida dos cidadãos. / The Relógio Square of Cidade Universitária " Armando de Salles Oliveira " of the University of São Paulo (SP) is an example of free space planned to carry out environmental and social functions. With an area of true urbane park, 176,000 m 2, disposes of native vegetation original from six ecosystems of São Paulo, composing several nucleuses cut by ways that turns possible the circulation of the users between several points of the Campus, besides avenues of palms trees and ornamental trees. The present study was occupied of standing up, diagnosing and analyzing the vegetation of the Relógio Square after nine years of introduction of the project of reurbanization. In that way, was adopted the method of inventory of the type census, in other words, the quali-quantitative analysis of all the arboreal individuals, shrubs and palms trees with more than 0.20 meters of height. existent in the Relógio Square. Were found 3,081 individuals, of which 3,028 could be identified, being pertaining to 121 species, 93 genus and 52 botanical families. Of the total of individuals, 2,316 are trees (75.17 %), 206 are shrubs (6.69 %), 542 are palms trees (17.59 %) and 17 are creeping plants (0.55 %). Of 121 identified species, only 21 (17.35 %) are exotic, which demonstrates a great preoccupation with the use of the Brazilian native flora. Considering the whole area, the general state of the vegetation of the square can be considered good, so 91.46 % of the individuals was considered in good condition, while 1.36 % was considered in the best state, 3.33 % in regular state, 2.18 % in the worst state and 1.42 % was dead. As for the structural resignation of the vegetation, 3.17 % was presenting imbalance of stem and or top. According to observation 3.20 % of the vegetation presented some phytosanitary problem, like the presence of nuisances or diseases. They presented injuries in the stem, 1.42 % of the vegetable population. As for the ecological interactions, in 0.20 % useful insects were found, in 0.07 % nests of birds were found, 13.65 % presented lichens in the stem, 0.26 % presented epiphytes and 2.93 % presented phytoparasits. Of the total of individuals, only 9.07 % was in paved area, however even these were presenting good space for his development. It is waited that the produced information could stimulate the use of this square like area for study of biological sciences and environmental education, besides supplying subsidies for his maintenance, emphasizing the importance of spaces like this one in the capacity of the environment of the city and in the life of the citizens.