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Straw, sticks, mud and resistance : development and evolution of the South African Xhosa dwelling and settlementD'Aragon, Jean. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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Improper property : squatters and the idea of property in the Eastern Townships of Lower Canada, 1838-1866Whan, Eric. January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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[pt] RISCOS E VULNERABILIDADES SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS URBANAS NA FAVELA DA ROCINHA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL (2006 – 2014) / [en] SOCIAL RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN PUBLIC POLICIES IN THE FAVELA OF ROCINHA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL (2006-2014)MILENA ZAINOTTE MAGALHAES 21 March 2022 (has links)
[pt] Esse trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a reflexão das políticas
públicas urbanas com foco nos riscos e vulnerabilidades sociais em assentamentos
precários. A pesquisa se desenvolve a partir do objeto de estudo riscos e
vulnerabilidades sociais, analisado através de um recorte temporal das políticas
públicas urbanas implementadas na favela da Rocinha, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro,
de 2006 a 2014. A escolha da Rocinha como estudo de caso se justifica pelas
características de precariedade urbanística e edilícia, bem como pelos diversos
problemas de riscos e vulnerabilidades sociais. Essa dissertação busca analisar os
fatores que produzem as desigualdades sociais no espaço urbano, que configuram
em parte a ausência do direito à cidade, trabalhando com os conceitos de riscos
endógenos e exógenos. A metodologia se desenvolve por meio de três categorias
de análise: risco e vulnerabilidade, desigualdade social e direito à cidade, a partir
de pesquisa documental, visita a campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas com
lideranças comunitárias. A pesquisa conclui que a vulnerabilidade na Rocinha está
diretamente relacionada com a desigualdade social e a ausência do direito à cidade,
tanto em comparação a bairros privilegiados da cidade, quanto internamente,
devido à negligência ainda maior sobre os sub-bairros mais precários, que recebem
menor atenção do poder público. Os principais riscos endógenos identificados
foram segurança pública e precariedade de moradias e de infraestrutura. E os riscos
exógenos, inundação e deslizamento. As entrevistas apontaram como principais
vulnerabilidades a violência, insegurança alimentar, saneamento básico e pobreza. / [en] This thesis aims to contribute to the reflection of urban public policies
focusing on social risks and vulnerabilities in precarious settlements. To achieve
such goal the research will analyze urban public policies developed in the squatter
settlement known as Favela Rocinha in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2006
to 2014. The choice of Rocinha as a case study is justified by the characteristics of
urban and building precariousness as well as the various problems of social risks
and vulnerabilities. Therefore, this thesis will analyze the aspects that produce
social inequalities in the urban space, which partially configure the absence of the
right to the city, using the concepts of endogenous and exogenous risks. The
methodology is developed through three categories of analysis: risk and
vulnerability, social inequality, and the right to the city, based on documentary
research, field research and semi-structured interviews with community leaders.
The research concludes that vulnerability in Rocinha is directly related to social
inequality and the absence of the right to the city, both in comparison to privileged
neighborhoods of the city, and internally, due to the greater neglect of the most
precarious sub-neighborhoods, which receive less attention from the government.
The mais endogenous risks identified were public security and precariouness of
housing and infrastructure. And exogenous risks were flooding and landslides. The
interviews pointed out as main vulnerabilities violence, food insecurity, basic
sanitation and poverty.
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Upgrading sanitary services in squatter settlementsAlsina, Margarita January 1983 (has links)
No description available.
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An evaluation of the gaps and barriers that exist between the national waste management policy and its implementation in formal and informal urban areas in the Ekurhuleni Municipality, South AfricaTembon, Mbamuku-Nduku Fayez 10 1900 (has links)
Waste management is a global challenge due to high waste generation resulting from high industrialization, urbanization and challenges relating to the efficient implementation of waste management policies acts and standards. Although South Africa has established a number of good waste management policies and related acts and standards, most municipalities still find it challenging to efficiently implement waste management strategies. Ekurhuleni Municipality is facing challenges with the implementation of effective waste management strategies and compliance to the National Environmental Management Waste Act (2008), (NEMWA) (Act No 59 of 2008). An evaluation of the gaps that exist between NEMWA and the local implementation in the formal and informal parts of the Ekurhuleni Municipality was undertaken in this study. Data on the waste management scenario as collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations revealed that differences relating to the poor establishment of an integrated approach to waste management exist between NEMWA and the local implementation of the act. This was realized through the fact that there is limited community education on waste management, no waste recycling facilities in some residences, irregular and insufficient collection of waste and non compliance with tariff payments for most informal residents and some formal residents. Differences also exist in the waste management strategies between the formal and informal areas of the municipality primarily due to the fact that the informal settlements are mostly unplanned and considered illegal. According to this study, informal residents are not billed for waste management services and as such most of them do not pay for waste management services. To that end, waste is not efficiently managed due to municipal financial constraints. Waste management challenges in Ekurhuleni Municipality are also attributed to lack of or insufficient knowledge regarding sustainable waste management practices and its benefits amongst the waste generators and some waste management employees. / Environmental Sciences / M.A. (Environmental Management)
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The impact of Section 26 of the Constitution on the eviction of squatters in South African lawMuller, Gustav 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLD )--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation considers the housing rights of unlawful occupiers in the post-1994
constitutional dispensation. Section 26 of the Constitution of the Republic of South
Africa, 1996 affords everyone a right of access to adequate housing. This provision is a
decisive break with the apartheid past, where forced eviction banished black people to
the periphery of society. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that the
Constitution envisages the creation of a society that is committed to large-scale
transformation. This dissertation posits that it is impossible to realise the full
transformative potential of section 26 of the Constitution in the absence of an
independent and substantive understanding of what it means to have access to
adequate housing.
This dissertation traverses legal theory as well as the common law of evictions,
constitutional law and international law. A consciously interdisciplinary approach is
adopted in seeking to develop the content of section 26 of the Constitution, drawing on
literature from social and political science. This dissertation develops an organising
framework for giving substantive content to section 26(1) of the Constitution with
reference to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; the
Revised European Social Charter, the American Convention on Human Rights and the
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
This dissertation shows that the adjudication of eviction disputes has moved away
from a position under the common law where Courts had no discretion to refuse eviction
orders based on the personal circumstances of the squatters. The adjudication of the
eviction of unlawful occupiers now requires a context-sensitive analysis that seeks to
find concrete and case-specific solutions. These solutions are achieved by considering
what would be just and equitable for both the land owner and the unlawful occupiers.
This dissertation also shows that the government has a markedly different role to fulfil in
post-apartheid evictions through the necessary joinder of local authorities to eviction
proceedings, meaningful engagement with unlawful occupiers and the provision of
alternative accommodation in terms of its constitutional and statutory obligations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die behuisingsregte van onregmatige okkupeerders in die
post-1994 grondwetlike bedeling. Artikel 26 van die Grondwet van die Republiek van
Suid-Afrika, 1996 gee elke persoon die reg op toegang tot geskikte behuising. Hierdie
bepaling is ‘n duidelike breuk met die apartheid-verlede waar gedwonge uitsettings
swart mense na die periferie van die samelewing verban het. Die sentrale hipotese van
hierdie proefskrif is dat die Grondwet beoog om ‘n samelewing te skep wat verbind is tot
grootskaalse transformasie. Hierdie proefskrif voer aan dat dit onmoontlik is om die
volle transformerende potensiaal van artikel 26 van die Grondwet te verwesenlik in die
afwesigheid van ‘n onafhanklike en substantiewe begrip van wat dit beteken om
toegang tot geskikte behuising te hê.
Hierdie proefskrif deurkruis regsteorie sowel as die gemenereg ten aansien van
uitsettings, staatsreg and internasionale reg. ‘n Doelbewuste interdisiplinêre benadering
word gevolg in die soeke na die ontwikkeling van die inhoud van artikel 26 van die
Grondwet met verwysing na literatuur uit die sosiale- en politieke wetenskappe. Die
proefskrif ontwikkel ‘n organiserende raamwerk waarmee substantiewe inhoud aan
artikel 26(1) van die Grondwet verleen kan word met verwysing na die Internasionale
Verdrag op Ekonomiese, Sosiale en Kulturele Regte; die Konvensie vir die Beskerming
van Menseregte en Fundamentele Vryhede; die Hersiene Europese Sosiale Handves;
die Amerikaanse Konvensie op Menseregte en die Afrika Handves op Mense en
Persoonsregte.
Hierdie proefskrif wys dat die beregting van uitsettingsdispute wegbeweeg het van ’n
posisie onder die gemenereg waar howe geen diskresie gehad het om uitsettingsbevele
te weier op grond van die persoonlike omstandighede van die plakkers nie. Die
beregting van uitsettingsdispute vereis nou ‘n konteks-sensitiewe analise wat strewe
daarna om konkrete oplossings te vind. Hierdie oplossings word bereik deur in ag te
neem wat reg en billik sal wees vir beide die eienaar en die onregmatige okkupeerders.
Die proefskrif wys ook dat die regering ‘n merkbaar nuwe rol vervul in post-apartheid
uitsettings deur die noodsaaklike voeging van munisipaliteite tot uitsettings, sinvolle
interaksie met onregmatige okkupeerders en die voorsiening van alternatiewe
akkommodasie in terme van grondwetlike and statutêre pligte.
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The association between acute childhood diarrhoea and diarrhoeagenic E.coli present in contaminated soil in informal settlements in DurbanRamlal, Preshod Sewnand January 2016 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Health Sciences in Environmental Health, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / In South Africa, under-five childhood morbidity and mortality rates have increased due to diarrhoea with acute diarrhoea posing a major public health threat especially, in informal settlements. Therefore this study sought to, a) investigate community knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and practices (KABP) regarding domestic waste and childhood diarrhoeal management, b) to enumerate and identify diarrhoeagenic E.coli species from soil samples extracted from open waste dump sites and c) to investigate any association(s) with diarrhoeagenic E.coli and potential risk of contracting diarrhoea.
This two-phased cross-sectional study in six informal settlements in the greater Durban area constituted, respectively, of the administering of questionnaires to 360 primary caregivers and; sampling the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic E.coli (DEC) in waste dumps using quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodologies. Relationships between socio-demographic and educational status to determine potential household risk factors towards under-five diarrhoea prevalence were assessed.
The KABP results identified domestic waste and greywater disposal, mother and child method of sanitation, personal and domestic hygiene practices and mechanical vectors as significant contributory risk factors. Of concern is that more than 80% of under-five children played in or near faecally-contaminated waste dump sites. The recovery of four DEC pathotypes including enterohaemorrhagic E.coli, enteropathogenic E.coli, enterotoxigenic E.coli and enteroaggregative E.coli suggest that its persistence in waste-dump soil has the ability to cause under-five diarrhoea in both sporadic and endemic settings.
This commonly transmitted hand-to-mouth illness will necessitate and place huge demands on the primary catalysts of change i.e. local governmental role players and caregivers. These change agents have to ensure highly consistent levels of domestic and personal hygiene and implement feasible reduction strategies to waste-dump exposure of diarrhoeal-causing pathogens, particularly among under-five children living in Durban’s informal settlements. / M
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Informal settlement upgrading in Cape Town's Hangberg : local government, urban governance and the 'Right to the City'Fieuw, Walter Vincent Patrick 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Integrating the poor into the fibre of the city is an important theme in housing and urban policies in post-apartheid South Africa. In other words, the need for making place for the ‘black’ majority in urban spaces previously reserved for ‘whites’ is premised on notions of equity and social change in a democratic political dispensation. However, these potentially transformative thrusts have been eclipsed by more conservative, neoliberal developmental trajectories. Failure to transform apartheid spatialities has worsened income distribution, intensified suburban sprawl, and increased the daily livelihood costs of the poor. After a decade of unintended consequences, new policy directives on informal settlements were initiated through Breaking New Ground (DoH 2004b). Local governments have nevertheless been slow to implement this new instrument despite more participatory, flexible, integrated and situational responsive policies contained therein. The City of Cape Town was one of the first applicants for Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (DoH 2004a, DHS 2009) funding in upgrading Hangberg’s informal settlement after effective lobbying by local civic Hout Bay Civic Association (HBCA) assisted by the Cape Town-based NGO, Development Action Group (DAG). However, in September 2010 the upgrading project came to a standstill when Metropolitan Police clashed violently with community members who allegedly broke a key agreement when building informal structures on the Sentinel Mountain firebreak. Using the case study research methodology, the study seeks to unravel the governance complexities elicited by this potentially progressive planning intervention. Four theoretical prisms are used to probe and investigate the primary case study (Hangberg) due to the different ways of ‘seeing and grappling’ and ‘narrating’ a complex tale. This is characterised by the dialectics of power and powerlessness; regime stabilisation and destabilisation; formalisation and informalisation; continuity and discontinuity. These prisms are: urban informality, urban governance, deepening democracy, and socio-spatial justice. By utilising these four theoretical prisms, the study found the Hangberg case to be atypical of development trajectories, on the one hand, and conforming to the enduring neoliberal governance logics, on the other. In the concluding chapter, the study critically engages prospects of realising post-apartheid spatialities by considering recent policy shifts and programmes with the potential of realising the poor’s ‘right to the city’. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Belangrike tema in post-apartheid behuising- en stedelike beleide is die integrasie van arm mense in die weefsel van die stad. Anders gestel, die nodigheid om plek te maak vir die ‘swart’ meerderheid in stedelike spasies wat voorheen vir ‘wittes’ uitgesonder is, is gebaseer op die uitgangspunt van regverdigheid en sosiale verandering in ‘n demokratiese bedeling. Hierdie potensiële hervormings-nosies is egter verduister deur meer konserwatiewe, neo-liberale ontwikkelings-trajekte. Die mislukte pogings om apartheids-ruimtes te omvorm, beteken dat inkomsteverdeling vererger is, wydstrekkende verstedeliking in meer intensiewe vorms voorkom, en die daaglikse lewenskoste van die armes verhoog het. Na ‘n dekade van onopsetlike gevolge is nuwe beleids-riglyne vir informele nedersettings voorgestel deur Breaking New Ground (DoH 2004a). Plaaslike owerhede was egter tot dusver traag om hierdie nuwe instrument te implementeer, ten spyte daarvan dat meer deelnemende, buigsame, geïntegreerde en situasioneel-aanpasbare beleide daarin vervat is. Die Stad Kaapstad was een van die eerste applikante vir Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (DoH 2004b, DHS 2009) befondsing om Hangberg se informele nedersetting te opgradeer, nadat effektiewe druk uitgeoefen is deur die Hout Bay Civic Association (HBCA), met ondersteuning van die NRO, Development Action Group (DAG), wat in Kaapstad gebaseer is. Maar in September 2010 het die opgradering-projek tot stilstand gekom nadat die Metropolitaanse Polisie gewelddadig met gemeenskapslede gebots het, omdat die gemeenskap na bewering ‘n belangrike ooreenkoms gebreek het deur informele strukture op die brandstrook te bou. Deur van die gevalstudie navorsing-metodologie gebruik te maak, beoog hierdie studie om die bestuurskompleksiteite te ontrafel wat deur hierdie potensiële omvormde beplannings-intervensie uitgelok is. Vier teoretiese prismas word gebruik om die primêre geval (Hangberg) te ondersoek in die lig van die verskillende maniere waarop hierdie komplekse narratief gesien kan word. Dit word gekenmerk deur die dialekte van mag en magteloosheid; stabilisasie en destabilisasie van die staatsbestel; formalisering en deformalisering; samehangendheid en onsamehangendheid. Die prismas is: stedelike informaliteit, stedelike bestuur, verdieping van demokrasie en sosio-ruimtelike regverdigheid. Deur van hierdie vier prismas gebruik te maak, wys die studie tot watter mate die Hangberg geval aan die een kant atipies tot ontwikkelings-trajekte is, en aan die ander kant konformeer tot die voortdurende neo-liberale bestuurslogika. In die slothoofstuk, is die studie krities bemoei met die vooruitsig om die post-apartheid-stad te realiseer deur huidige beleidsveranderinge en programme te ondersoek met die vergrootglas op hul potensiaal vir transformasie en om die armes se ‘reg tot die stad’ te bevorder.
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Assessing community participation : the Huidare informal settlementNampila, Tutaleni 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study evaluates community participation in the Huidare Informal Settlement (HDIS) as a case study. The hypothesis is that the breach of trust between the previous community leaders of the HDIS and the current community members has an effect on community participation in issues affecting them and their community today. The research methodology employed is explained as well as the policy context for community participation both on an international level and in Namibia, is reviewed.
The legislation on community participation that has been enforced by the City of Windhoek contradicts what happened in the HDIS. The possibility will be investigated as to whether these policy documents of the City of Windhoek are only another form of tokenism.
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Home at last' : die storie van Freedom Park en sy inwonersLosch, Ashley Peter 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The escalation in the growing upsurge of informal settlements seems to create a few
problems for local municipalities in the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA). At the
beginning of 1998 the capacity of the City Of Cape Town Municipality (CCT) was fully
tested with the coming into being of a new informal settlement in the Tafelsig, Mitchell's
Plain area. During the Easter weekend of that year homeless people started to invade a
piece of vacant land, which belongs to this municipality, illegally.
With the establishing of Freedom Park many of the homeless felt that the time was ripe
for this municipality to address their problems and grievances. However up till now this
has not materialised, as this municipality is refusing to make any service delivery and
infrastructure available to them. Despite this, the people are still reluctant to submit to the
demand of the municipality to evacuate the piece of land.
Hitherto many had asked questions about the settlement and its people. With the asking
of these questions, people had shown their ignorance about the Freedom Park issue. This
ignorance led people to make certain assumptions, which are clearly far from the truth.
The aim of this study is thus to present more clear-cut answers to the most common
questions people had asked and still are asking. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groeiende toename in informele nedersettings in die Kaapse Metropolitaanse Gebied
blyk toenemend om 'n probleem vir plaaslike owerhede te wees. Aan die begin van 1998
was die kapasiteit van die Kaapse Munisipaliteit om sulke situasies te hanteer ten volle
getoets. In hierdie tydperk het haweloses van die Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain, area die reg
in eie hande geneem deur 'n stuk grond wat aan hierdie munisipaliteit behoort onwettig te
beset.
Met die vestiging van Freedom Park het baie van hierdie mense gedink dat hulle
frustrasies en probleme deur hierdie munisipaliteit aangehoor sou word. Dit het egter tot
op hede nog nie 'n werklikheid geword, deurdat dié munisipaliteit huiwer om tydelike en
korttermyn infrastrukture aan hierdie mense beskikbaar te stel. Ten spyte hiervan is die
inwoners van hierdie nedersetting egter vasbeslote om nie in te gee aan die versoek van
die munisipaliteit om die grond te ontruim nie.
Tot op hede was daar baie vra gevra rondom hierdie nedersetting en sy inwoners. Met
hierdie vrae het sulkes hulonkunde om die Freedom Park kwessie suksesvol te hanteer en
te verstaan bewys. Dit is dus in hierdie lig dat hierdie studie onderneem was. Die sentrale
doelwit van dié studie is dus om meer duidelikheid te werp op vrae soos: Wie is hierdie
mense? Waarvandaan kom hulle? Hoekom het hulle tot so 'n drastiese stap oorgegaan?
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