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The Squamish: study of changing political organisationVerma, Behari Lal January 1956 (has links)
[No Abstract Submitted] / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate
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Verbal plurality and adverbial quantification : a case study of Skwxú7mesh (Squamish Salish)Bar-El, Leora Anne 11 1900 (has links)
The goal of this thesis is to present an analysis of verbal plurality and adverbial quantification
in Skwxwu7mesh (Squamish Salish).
This thesis provides a detailed analysis of a phenomenon in Skwxwu7mesh that has
never been explored: the effect of the auxiliary wa on predicates from various aspectual classes
in both non-quantified and quantified sentences, wa has been described as a morpheme
referring to a process that has duration either in the form of a single act or the regular
performance of it (Kuipers 1967).
Two central questions will be addressed in this thesis. Firstly, what is the function of
the auxiliary wa in Skwxwu7mesh?. In other words, why is wa obligatorily present for certain
interpretations of predicates and obligatorily absent for others; furthermore, what does wa do to
a predicate to yield the various readings? Secondly, why is wa obligatory with adverbs of
quantification? To answer these questions, this thesis proposes that wa is a pluractional marker
that pluralizes the head of a predicate's event structure or the event type denoted by the
predicate.
Assuming Pustejovsky's (1991, 1995) event structure model representing the
distinction between three primitive event types (states, processes, transitions), four aspectual
classes are analyzed (activities , accomplishments , achievements and states) in both English
and Skwxwu7mesh. This thesis argues that Skwxwu7mesh provides crucial evidence that all
bare predicates (that is, predicates without wa) are telic, with the exception of individual-level
predicates, wa causes a predicate to be atelic via pluralization; this atelicity is marked by
continuous and/or habitual readings for the predicates of the various classes. As a consequence
of these claims, this analysis suggests that activities and stage-level states are not primitives
universally.
This thesis argues that Kratzer's (1995) analysis of adverbs of quantification as
unselective binders cannot account for Skwxwu7mesh; thus, adopting De Swart's (1993,
1995) event based approach to analyzing adverbial quantification, this thesis claims that
Skwxwu7mesh provides crucial evidence that Q-adverbs quantify over events only. The
evidence derives from the fact that the pluractional marker wa is obligatory with both stage-level
stative predicates and individual-level predicates when they combine with a Q-adverb.
The analysis presented in this thesis claims that wa is the source of the plurality of events over
which a Q-adverb quantifies.
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Verbal plurality and adverbial quantification : a case study of Skwxú7mesh (Squamish Salish)Bar-El, Leora Anne 11 1900 (has links)
The goal of this thesis is to present an analysis of verbal plurality and adverbial quantification
in Skwxwu7mesh (Squamish Salish).
This thesis provides a detailed analysis of a phenomenon in Skwxwu7mesh that has
never been explored: the effect of the auxiliary wa on predicates from various aspectual classes
in both non-quantified and quantified sentences, wa has been described as a morpheme
referring to a process that has duration either in the form of a single act or the regular
performance of it (Kuipers 1967).
Two central questions will be addressed in this thesis. Firstly, what is the function of
the auxiliary wa in Skwxwu7mesh?. In other words, why is wa obligatorily present for certain
interpretations of predicates and obligatorily absent for others; furthermore, what does wa do to
a predicate to yield the various readings? Secondly, why is wa obligatory with adverbs of
quantification? To answer these questions, this thesis proposes that wa is a pluractional marker
that pluralizes the head of a predicate's event structure or the event type denoted by the
predicate.
Assuming Pustejovsky's (1991, 1995) event structure model representing the
distinction between three primitive event types (states, processes, transitions), four aspectual
classes are analyzed (activities , accomplishments , achievements and states) in both English
and Skwxwu7mesh. This thesis argues that Skwxwu7mesh provides crucial evidence that all
bare predicates (that is, predicates without wa) are telic, with the exception of individual-level
predicates, wa causes a predicate to be atelic via pluralization; this atelicity is marked by
continuous and/or habitual readings for the predicates of the various classes. As a consequence
of these claims, this analysis suggests that activities and stage-level states are not primitives
universally.
This thesis argues that Kratzer's (1995) analysis of adverbs of quantification as
unselective binders cannot account for Skwxwu7mesh; thus, adopting De Swart's (1993,
1995) event based approach to analyzing adverbial quantification, this thesis claims that
Skwxwu7mesh provides crucial evidence that Q-adverbs quantify over events only. The
evidence derives from the fact that the pluractional marker wa is obligatory with both stage-level
stative predicates and individual-level predicates when they combine with a Q-adverb.
The analysis presented in this thesis claims that wa is the source of the plurality of events over
which a Q-adverb quantifies. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate
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Indian housing and welfare : a study of the housing conditions and welfare needs of the Mission Reserve IndiansToren, Cyril Kirby January 1957 (has links)
The survey arose out of the interest of the Indian Affairs Branch in present and future housing needs of the Squamish Band. The information gathered was to be used for the purpose of planning an adequate housing scheme and for the development of a modern community. The plan of the study was to present some historical background of the Squamish people, to show through the survey of the reserve, the need for better housing, and the rehabilitation possibilities of the people through the development of a modern community project on the Capilano Reserve. Implicit in the study of housing needs were the welfare needs of the people. Two surveys were made, and two schedules were involved in the gathering of the material. The method used was that of visiting the homes and families on the reserve, and having the questionnaires completed. There was thus a day to day visit to the reserves, and a continuous contact with the people over a considerable period of time. Although almost all homes on the reserve were visited, the information used in the tables was based on a random selection of twenty-seven homes. The study revealed in its broad outline that the second-class status of the Indian people has resulted in second-class living conditions. Housing conditions are sub-marginal and overcrowding is general in almost every instance. The welfare program lacks coordination and is inadequate to the needs of the families. Breakdown of family life is general. It appeared obvious that only a comprehensive program meeting the social and psychological needs of the people could adequately solve the many inter-related problems of the Squamish people. In addition it seemed clear that no program could really succeed unless the people themselves were intimately involved in its development. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate
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Aspectual distinctions in Sk̲wx̲wú7meshBar-el, Leora Anne 05 1900 (has links)
The classification of predicates according to their aspectual properties has a long history,
dating back to Aristotle. Perhaps the most influential classification can be attributed to
Vendler (1967). The time schemata to distinguish his four classes relies on a combination of
entailment patterns and behaviours of "verbs" in different structures. Since Vendler, many
researchers have revisited this classification, differing on both the proposed number of
classes as well as the ways in which they are derived. Although they use different diagnostics
to motivate their systems, what these approaches seem to share in common is the claim that
aspectual classes are universal. This thesis addresses this claim and proposes that based on
data from Skwxwu7mesh (a.k.a. Squamish), the representations of predicates vary crosslinguistically.
I argue for a classification based on the presence/absence of intrinsic initial and
final points in predicate representations.
Chapters Two and Three are concerned with final points and initial points,
respectively. I present four diagnostics which I argue test for the presence of final points and
two diagnostics that test for the presence of initial points. Based on the results of these tests, I
propose a modification of Rothstein's (2004) predicate templates (that in turn are a
modification of Dowty's 1979 templates) to account for the classification of Skwxwu7mesh
predicate classes that emerges.
Chapters Four and Five are concerned with perfectivity and imperfectivity,
respectively. In these chapters, I motivate the claim that Skwxwu7mesh has both a
progressive marker and an imperfective marker. I propose that adopting Dowty's (1979)
analysis of the progressive and Kratzer's (1998) analysis of the imperfective, along with the
predicate representations introduced in chapters two and three, can derive the readings of
progressive and imperfective predicates in Skwxwu7mesh.
Based on a small study involving 10 native speakers of English who are not linguists,
in Chapter Six I briefly revisit English aspectual classes. Using the results of some of the
diagnostics from chapters two and three, I show the contrast between English and
Skwxwu7mesh predicate representations, highlighting the claim that aspectual classes do
indeed vary cross-linguistically. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate
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On the hook : welfare capitalism on the Vancouver waterfront, 1919-1939 /Parnaby, Andrew. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves 428-445.
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