The growth of mobile penetration in Africa has seen a rise in marketers seeking new ways of using mobile marketing to improve their business and develop sustainable marketing strategies. An empirical study on BOP consumers living in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, comprising a survey of a sample of 385 respondents, was conducted. The measurement items were assessed through six hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling with Smart PLS 3 software. The results confirm that there is a significant relationship between social influence and trust, price sensitivity and purchase intention, service quality and trust and lastly, between service quality and satisfaction. The relationship between trust and purchase intention and the relationship between satisfaction and purchase intention are not significant. The relationship between service quality and satisfaction showed the strongest significance amongst the hypotheses, whereas the weakest relationship showing the least significance effect amongst the hypotheses is between satisfaction and purchase intention. Implications of the study suggest that managers should consider the BOP consumer differently when marketing to them as they have different consumer behaviours to other market segments. For future research, more research should be done on the BOP with regard to their adaptions to mobile marketing as this will help marketers to find better marketing strategies for their businesses to better serve this market segment. Recommendations and limitations on mobile marketing adoption within BOP are discussed.

This thesis estimates the impact of non-tariff measures (NTMs) notified by the importing countries on agricultural trade. The non-tariff measures constitute the technical measures notified under the SPS and TBT agreements and the non-technical measures to trade. Two approaches are used; the inventory approach and the econometric approach which makes use of the gravity model. The inventory results suggest that African countries face more restrictions on their exports than what they impose on their imports. Also, Uganda, Senegal and Mali are among the top twenty most affected importers. The empirical results suggest that the impact of the overall group on non-tariff measures is ambiguous but when measures are disaggregated into technical and non-technical measures, the results show that the technical measures promote agricultural trade and that the non-technical measures restrict trade. Also, imports of industrialized nations from fellow industrialized nations are promoted by the technical measures but are restricted by non-technical measures, while those from non-industrialized countries are affected negatively by both technical and non-technical measures. Out of the five regions considered, Africa faces the largest negative impact by both technical and non-technical measures. / Master of Science

Depuis la colonisation, les corridors de transport ouest-africains ont inscrit dans l’espace une dépendance économique pénalisante vis à vis de l'extérieur. Les importations massives de produits manufacturés ne sont pas compensées par l'export de matières premières. Le marché africain n'est pas encore le marché des africains et cela freine globalement le développement global des territoires. Dans le corridor de transport reliant Ouagadougou à Accra, Afrique de l’Ouest, les défis de l'intégration régionale et de la sécurité alimentaire se cristallisent dans les circuits vivriers marchands. Les échanges qui s’y déroulent cadencent la mobilité des denrées entre les lieux. Dans l’espace constitué par le Burkina Faso et le Ghana, caractérisé par un gradient écologique entre le sahel et la côte qui différencie fortement les potentialités agricoles, la thèse met en perspective ces défis avec le développement des territoires. Elle analyse le potentiel inclusif des circuits vivriers marchands à travers l’exemple de l’igname, du maïs et du niébé dans le corridor qui relie Ouagadougou à Accra. Après une analyse des pratiques transactionnelles de ces circuits à partir d’enquêtes réalisées auprès des commerçants et transporteurs sur le terrain, nous simulons les échanges potentiels à l’aide d’un modèle gravitaire en nous appuyant sur des données relatives à la production, au commerce, et à la consommation mais aussi à l’accessibilité routière de l’espace. Entre le disponible alimentaire et la demande des ménages, localiser ces échanges et leurs parcours questionne l’articulation des échelles du commerce vivrier, et la complémentarité des lieux et des activités au regard des liens entre agriculture, commerce et transport identifiés comme porteurs d’un développement spatialement inclusif. Dans un contexte de villes secondaires, de marges et de frontière, notre approche explore les interactions spatiales entre zones excédentaires et déficitaires dans le but de proposer des recommandations techniques à portée opérationnelle et politique pour contribuer à la réflexion sur l’intégration régionale et la sécurité alimentaire. / Since colonization, West African transport corridors drew an economic dependence on space towards global market. Massive imports of manufactured goods are not balanced by the export of raw materials. The African market is not yet the market for Africans and this generally hampers territorial development. In the transport corridor between Ouagadougou and Accra, in West Africa, the challenges of regional integration and food security are crystallizing in the staple food circuits. The exchanges that take place there regulate the mobility of foodstuffs between places. In the space constituted by Burkina Faso and Ghana, characterized by an ecological gradient between the Sahel and the coast that strongly differentiates agricultural potentialities, the thesis puts these challenges in perspective with territorial development. She analyzes the inclusive potential of merchant staple food circuits through the example of yam, maize and cowpea in the corridor that connects Ouagadougou to Accra. After analyzing the transactional practices of these circuits based on surveys carried out with traders and transporters in the field, we simulate potential exchanges using a gravity model based on data relating to production, commerce, and consumption, but also to road accessibility of space. Between food availability and household demand, locating these exchanges and their paths questions the articulation of the food trade scales and the complementarity of places and activities with regard to the links between agriculture, trade and transport identified as carriers of spatially inclusive development. In a context of secondary cities, margins and borders, our approach explores the spatial interactions between surplus and deficit areas in order to propose technical recommendations with operational and political scope to contribute to the reflection on regional integration and security food.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.