Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

In this thesis, I explore both obscured and unobscured star formation over a large fraction of cosmic time. I use the HAWK-I Y -band science verification data over GOODS-South, in conjunction with optical and infrared data to search for Lyman-break galaxies at z >∼ 6.5 (i.e. within the first billion years of the Universe). I find four possible (two robust) z′-drop candidates (z >∼ 6.5) and four possible (but no robust) Y -drop candidates (z >∼ 7). I use my results to place constraints on the luminosity function at z ∼ 6.5 and find significant evolution in the population of Lyman-break galaxies between 3 < z <∼ 6.5. I also explore obscured star formation with a population of 70μm selected galaxies over the COSMOS field. I use AAT spectroscopy in conjunction with other available spectroscopic redshifts for my sample, and photometric redshifts otherwise, to calculate the total infrared luminosity of each galaxy. Two libraries of spectral energy distributions are considered; Siebenmorgen & Krügel (2007) templates and Chary & Elbaz (2001) models. We have supplemented our data with that of Huynh et al. (2007) collected over the GOODS-North field and adapted it to directly compare with the results of this work. The far-infrared luminosity function is then determined using the 1/Vmax technique. A double power law parameterisation is found to provide the best fit to the data. The far-infrared luminosity function was fitted for all parameters and the evolution was measured out to z ∼ 1. Three different types of evolution were allowed, pure luminosity, pure density and luminosity dependent density evolution. In all cases strong positive evolution was evident with the best-fit case being pure luminosity evolution where p = 2.4+0.6 −0.7. Due to the larger volume surveyed compared to previous studies, this work provides better constraints on the bright end of the far-infrared luminosity function displaying a shallower bright end slope (α2 ∼ −1.6) than previously determined, implying a higher number density of the most luminous objects and thereby a greater contribution from these objects to the total infrared energy density. However the shallower slope determined here can be reconciled with other work if the Chary & Elbaz (2001) models are used instead of the Siebenmorgen & Krügel templates; demonstrating that spectral energy distribution model selection is a key component in determining luminosity functions at far-infrared wavelengths. The far-infrared–radio correlation (FIRC; qIR) was determined for the sample of 70μm selected star-forming galaxies using 1.4GHz radio data over the COSMOS field, and no evolution was found out to z ∼ 2. The 70μm monochromatic evolution in the FIRC was also examined (q70) and no evolution was found in this parameter with redshift.

Utilizamos espectros obtidos com o espectrógrafo SpeX (em 0.8-2.4μm), anexado ao telescópio de 3m IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) da NASA, para investigar a distribuição espacial das populações estelares (SPs) em quatro galáxias Starburst: NGC34, NGC1614, NGC3310 e NGC7714. O código usado neste trabalho foi o starlight, atualizado com os modelos de populações estelares simples calculados por Maraston (2005). Nossos principais resultados são: a luz do infravermelho próximo, no entorno da região nuclear das galáxias, é dominada por SPs de idade jovem (t ≤ 50×106 anos) a intermediária (50×106 < t ≤ 2×109 anos), somando de 40% a 100% da contribuição em luz. O predomínio de SPs de idade jovem a intermediária também é observado na região central das galáxias, com exceção de NGC1614, para a qual a contribuição da SP velha (t ≥ 2 × 109 anos) prevalece no núcleo. Além disso, encontramos evidências de uma estrutura em forma de anel circumnuclear de formação estelar e de um núcleo secundário em NGC1614, em concordância com resultados da literatura. Também sugerimos que o processo de interação e/ou fusão em três das galáxias da amostra (NGC1614, NGC3310 e NGC7714) pode explicar os baixos valores de metalicidade derivados para a componente jovem de SP dessas fontes. Nesse cenário, o gás não processado, pobre em metais, da galáxia companheira teria escoado para a região central das galáxias e diluído o gás já presente nessa região, antes de começar o ´ultimo surto de formação estelar. No intuito de aprofundarmos nossa análise, aplicamos o mesmo procedimento de síntese de SP para os novos modelos de síntese evolutiva de SP de Maraston & Strömbäck (2011). Nossos resultados mostram que os novos modelos, de mais alta resolução espectral, tendem a realçar a contribuição da componente velha e intermediária da SP, em detrimento das idades mais jovens. / We employ the NASA 3m Infrared Telescope Facility’s near-infrared spectrograph SpeX at 0.8-2.4μm to investigate the spatial distribution of the stellar populations (SPs) in four well known Starburst galaxies: NGC34, NGC1614, NGC3310 and NGC7714. We use the starlight code updated with the synthetic simple stellar populations models computed by Maraston (2005). Our main result is that the NIR light in the nuclear surroundings of the galaxies is dominated by young (t ≤ 50×106 yr) to intermediate age (50×106 < t ≤ 2×109 yr) SPs, summing from ∼40% up to 100% of the light contribution. A predominance of young to intermediate age SP is also observed in the central region of the galaxies, except for NGC1614 in which the old SP (t ≥ 2 × 109 yr) prevails in the nucleus. Furthermore, we find evidence of a circumnuclear star-forming ring-like structure and a secondary nucleus in NGC1614, in agreement with previous studies. We also suggest that the merger/interaction experienced by three of the galaxies studied (NGC1614, NGC3310 and NGC7714) can explain the lower metallicity values derived for the young SP component in these sources. In this scenario, the fresh unprocessed metal poor gas from the destroyed/interacting companion galaxy is driven to the centre of the galaxies and mixed with the central region gas, before star formation takes place. In order to deepen our analysis, we apply the same procedure of SP synthesis using Maraston & Strömbäck (2011) the evolutionary population synthesis models. Our results show that the newer and higher resolution models tend to enhance the old/intermediate age SP contribution over the younger ages.

Utilizamos espectros obtidos com o espectrógrafo SpeX (em 0.8-2.4μm), anexado ao telescópio de 3m IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) da NASA, para investigar a distribuição espacial das populações estelares (SPs) em quatro galáxias Starburst: NGC34, NGC1614, NGC3310 e NGC7714. O código usado neste trabalho foi o starlight, atualizado com os modelos de populações estelares simples calculados por Maraston (2005). Nossos principais resultados são: a luz do infravermelho próximo, no entorno da região nuclear das galáxias, é dominada por SPs de idade jovem (t ≤ 50×106 anos) a intermediária (50×106 < t ≤ 2×109 anos), somando de 40% a 100% da contribuição em luz. O predomínio de SPs de idade jovem a intermediária também é observado na região central das galáxias, com exceção de NGC1614, para a qual a contribuição da SP velha (t ≥ 2 × 109 anos) prevalece no núcleo. Além disso, encontramos evidências de uma estrutura em forma de anel circumnuclear de formação estelar e de um núcleo secundário em NGC1614, em concordância com resultados da literatura. Também sugerimos que o processo de interação e/ou fusão em três das galáxias da amostra (NGC1614, NGC3310 e NGC7714) pode explicar os baixos valores de metalicidade derivados para a componente jovem de SP dessas fontes. Nesse cenário, o gás não processado, pobre em metais, da galáxia companheira teria escoado para a região central das galáxias e diluído o gás já presente nessa região, antes de começar o ´ultimo surto de formação estelar. No intuito de aprofundarmos nossa análise, aplicamos o mesmo procedimento de síntese de SP para os novos modelos de síntese evolutiva de SP de Maraston & Strömbäck (2011). Nossos resultados mostram que os novos modelos, de mais alta resolução espectral, tendem a realçar a contribuição da componente velha e intermediária da SP, em detrimento das idades mais jovens. / We employ the NASA 3m Infrared Telescope Facility’s near-infrared spectrograph SpeX at 0.8-2.4μm to investigate the spatial distribution of the stellar populations (SPs) in four well known Starburst galaxies: NGC34, NGC1614, NGC3310 and NGC7714. We use the starlight code updated with the synthetic simple stellar populations models computed by Maraston (2005). Our main result is that the NIR light in the nuclear surroundings of the galaxies is dominated by young (t ≤ 50×106 yr) to intermediate age (50×106 < t ≤ 2×109 yr) SPs, summing from ∼40% up to 100% of the light contribution. A predominance of young to intermediate age SP is also observed in the central region of the galaxies, except for NGC1614 in which the old SP (t ≥ 2 × 109 yr) prevails in the nucleus. Furthermore, we find evidence of a circumnuclear star-forming ring-like structure and a secondary nucleus in NGC1614, in agreement with previous studies. We also suggest that the merger/interaction experienced by three of the galaxies studied (NGC1614, NGC3310 and NGC7714) can explain the lower metallicity values derived for the young SP component in these sources. In this scenario, the fresh unprocessed metal poor gas from the destroyed/interacting companion galaxy is driven to the centre of the galaxies and mixed with the central region gas, before star formation takes place. In order to deepen our analysis, we apply the same procedure of SP synthesis using Maraston & Strömbäck (2011) the evolutionary population synthesis models. Our results show that the newer and higher resolution models tend to enhance the old/intermediate age SP contribution over the younger ages.

Utilizamos espectros obtidos com o espectrógrafo SpeX (em 0.8-2.4μm), anexado ao telescópio de 3m IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) da NASA, para investigar a distribuição espacial das populações estelares (SPs) em quatro galáxias Starburst: NGC34, NGC1614, NGC3310 e NGC7714. O código usado neste trabalho foi o starlight, atualizado com os modelos de populações estelares simples calculados por Maraston (2005). Nossos principais resultados são: a luz do infravermelho próximo, no entorno da região nuclear das galáxias, é dominada por SPs de idade jovem (t ≤ 50×106 anos) a intermediária (50×106 < t ≤ 2×109 anos), somando de 40% a 100% da contribuição em luz. O predomínio de SPs de idade jovem a intermediária também é observado na região central das galáxias, com exceção de NGC1614, para a qual a contribuição da SP velha (t ≥ 2 × 109 anos) prevalece no núcleo. Além disso, encontramos evidências de uma estrutura em forma de anel circumnuclear de formação estelar e de um núcleo secundário em NGC1614, em concordância com resultados da literatura. Também sugerimos que o processo de interação e/ou fusão em três das galáxias da amostra (NGC1614, NGC3310 e NGC7714) pode explicar os baixos valores de metalicidade derivados para a componente jovem de SP dessas fontes. Nesse cenário, o gás não processado, pobre em metais, da galáxia companheira teria escoado para a região central das galáxias e diluído o gás já presente nessa região, antes de começar o ´ultimo surto de formação estelar. No intuito de aprofundarmos nossa análise, aplicamos o mesmo procedimento de síntese de SP para os novos modelos de síntese evolutiva de SP de Maraston & Strömbäck (2011). Nossos resultados mostram que os novos modelos, de mais alta resolução espectral, tendem a realçar a contribuição da componente velha e intermediária da SP, em detrimento das idades mais jovens. / We employ the NASA 3m Infrared Telescope Facility’s near-infrared spectrograph SpeX at 0.8-2.4μm to investigate the spatial distribution of the stellar populations (SPs) in four well known Starburst galaxies: NGC34, NGC1614, NGC3310 and NGC7714. We use the starlight code updated with the synthetic simple stellar populations models computed by Maraston (2005). Our main result is that the NIR light in the nuclear surroundings of the galaxies is dominated by young (t ≤ 50×106 yr) to intermediate age (50×106 < t ≤ 2×109 yr) SPs, summing from ∼40% up to 100% of the light contribution. A predominance of young to intermediate age SP is also observed in the central region of the galaxies, except for NGC1614 in which the old SP (t ≥ 2 × 109 yr) prevails in the nucleus. Furthermore, we find evidence of a circumnuclear star-forming ring-like structure and a secondary nucleus in NGC1614, in agreement with previous studies. We also suggest that the merger/interaction experienced by three of the galaxies studied (NGC1614, NGC3310 and NGC7714) can explain the lower metallicity values derived for the young SP component in these sources. In this scenario, the fresh unprocessed metal poor gas from the destroyed/interacting companion galaxy is driven to the centre of the galaxies and mixed with the central region gas, before star formation takes place. In order to deepen our analysis, we apply the same procedure of SP synthesis using Maraston & Strömbäck (2011) the evolutionary population synthesis models. Our results show that the newer and higher resolution models tend to enhance the old/intermediate age SP contribution over the younger ages.

We revisit the proposed extended Schmidt law, which posits that the star formation efficiency in galaxies depends on the stellar mass surface density, by investigating spatially resolved star formation rates (SFRs), gas masses, and stellar masses of star formation regions in a vast range of galactic environments, from the outer disks of dwarf galaxies, to spiral disks and to merging galaxies, as well as individual molecular clouds in M33. We find that these regions are distributed in a tight power law as Sigma(SFR) proportional to (Sigma(0.5)(star)Sigma(gas))(1.09), which is also valid for the integrated measurements of disk and merging galaxies at high-z. Interestingly, we show that star formation regions in the outer disks of dwarf galaxies with Sigma(SFR) down to 10(-5) M(circle dot)yr(-1) kpc(-2), which are outliers of both the Kennicutt-Schmidt and Silk-Elmegreen laws, also follow the extended Schmidt law. Other outliers in the Kennicutt-Schmidt law, such as extremely metal-poor star formation regions, also show significantly reduced deviation from the extended Schmidt law. These results suggest an important role for existing stars in helping to regulate star formation through the effect of their gravity on the midplane pressure in a wide range of galactic environments.

We construct UV/optical/IR spectral energy distributions for 29 star forming regions in the interacting galaxy Arp 107, using GALEX UV, Sloan Digitized Sky Survey optical, and Spitzer infrared images. In an earlier study utilizing only the Spitzer data, we found a sequence in the mid-infrared colors of star-forming knots along the strong tidal arm in this system. In the current study, we find sequences in the UV/optical colors along the tidal arm that mirror those in the mid-infrared, with blue UV/optical colors found for regions that are red in the mid-infrared, and vice versa. With single-burst stellar population synthesis models, we find a sequence in the average stellar age along this arm, with younger stars preferentially located further out in the arm. Models that allow two populations of different ages and dust attenuations suggest that there may be both a young component and an older population present in these regions. Thus the observed color sequences may be better interpreted as a sequence in the relative proportion of young and old stars along the arm, with a larger fraction of young stars near the end. Comparison with star forming regions in other interacting galaxies shows that the Arp 107 regions are relatively quiescent, with less intense star formation than in many other systems.

We construct UV/optical/IR spectral energy distributions for 29 star forming regions in the interacting galaxy Arp 107, using GALEX UV, Sloan Digitized Sky Survey optical, and Spitzer infrared images. In an earlier study utilizing only the Spitzer data, we found a sequence in the mid-infrared colors of star-forming knots along the strong tidal arm in this system. In the current study, we find sequences in the UV/optical colors along the tidal arm that mirror those in the mid-infrared, with blue UV/optical colors found for regions that are red in the mid-infrared, and vice versa. With single-burst stellar population synthesis models, we find a sequence in the average stellar age along this arm, with younger stars preferentially located further out in the arm. Models that allow two populations of different ages and dust attenuations suggest that there may be both a young component and an older population present in these regions. Thus the observed color sequences may be better interpreted as a sequence in the relative proportion of young and old stars along the arm, with a larger fraction of young stars near the end. Comparison with star forming regions in other interacting galaxies shows that the Arp 107 regions are relatively quiescent, with less intense star formation than in many other systems.

We compare the UV-optical colors of a well-defined set of optically selected pre-merger interacting galaxy pairs with those of normal spirals. The shorter wavelength colors show a larger dispersion for the interacting galaxies than for the spirals. This result can best be explained by higher star formation rates on average in the interacting galaxies, combined with higher extinctions on average. This is consistent with earlier studies which found that the star formation in interacting galaxies tends to be more centrally concentrated than in normal spirals, perhaps due to gas being driven into the center by the interaction. As noted in earlier studies, there is a large variation from galaxy to galaxy in the implied star formation rates of the interacting galaxies, with some galaxies having enhanced rates but others being fairly quiescent.

We have used the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet telescope to study stellar populations and star formation morphology in a well-defined sample of 42 nearby optically selected pre-merger interacting galaxy pairs. Galaxy interactions were likely far more common in the early universe than in the present; thus our study provides a nearby well-resolved comparison sample for high-redshift studies. We have combined the GALEX near-ultraviolet (NUV) and far-ultraviolet images with broadband optical maps from the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey to investigate the ages and extinctions of the tidal features and the disks. The distributions of the UV/optical colors of the tidal features and the main disks of the galaxies are similar; however, the tidal features are bluer on average in NUV - g when compared with their own parent disks; thus tails and bridges are often more prominent relative to the disks in UV images compared to optical maps. This effect is likely due to enhanced star formation in the tidal features compared to the disks rather than reduced extinction; however, lower metallicities may also play a role. We have identified a few new candidate tidal dwarf galaxies in this sample. Other interesting morphologies such as accretion tails and "beads on a string" are also seen in these images. We also identify a possible "Taffy" galaxy in our sample, which may have been produced by a head-on collision between two galaxies. In only a few cases are strong tidal features seen in H I maps but not in GALEX.